Objective To find out the incidence tendency and characteristics of bladder tumors during the past 28 yesrs in our institution. Methods The data from 1980 to 2007 were divided into three stages:1980-1989,1990-1999和2000-2007.Microsoft excel and SPSSl3.O were used to analyze the sex,age and histological types. Results There were 2350 cases of bladder tumors in 28 years.There were 92(66 males,26 females)cases of benign tumors and 2258(1788 males,470 females)malignant tumors,the incidence in male was 3.8 times higher than that in female.The cases of bladder malignant tumors increased,and the female increased faster than male.The peak age of incidence changed from 50-69 in 1980-1989 to 60-79 in 2000-2007.The average age of squamous cell carcinomas was 68 years,which was the oldest;and the average of paraganglioma was 35,which was the youngest.The age of urinary bladder carcinoma in 1980-1989,1990-1999 and 2000-2007 were significantly different(male:57.5±11. 7,62.6±12.3,65.9±11.3;female:58.7±13.6,60.75±12.1,65.85±12.0,respectively,P<0.05).In male,the age of squamous cell carcinomas was significantly different from the age of urothelial cell carcinomas and adenocarnomas(68.0±9.7 vs 59.85±14.1 and 63.4±9.9,respectively,P<0.05).Inverted papillomas were the most common bladder benign tumors;urothelial cell carcinomas were the most common bladder malignant tumors,and adenocarcinomas were the second,squamous cell carcinomas were the third. Conclusion The incidence of bladder malignant carcinomas in our institution increased and the female increased more quickly than male.

AlM: To compare the different formulas in intraocular lens(lOL) power calculations on high myopia after LASlK with cataract patients who received the phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation ( Phaco+lOL) .
METHODS:This was a retrospective study. Data from 102 eyes of 61 cataract patients with high myopia, who received Phaco+lOL after LASlK, were collected. Patients were divided into three groups by formulas in lOL power calculations before surgery: Holladay group ( 11 cases, 21 eyes), Haigis-L group (30 cases, 47 eyes) and SRK-T group (20 cases, 34 eyes). The ratios of equivalent lOL power after LASlK were predicted and the accuracy of their predictions were compared 3mo after surgery. lt was an index of reliability of the formulas outcomes.
RESULTS:The ratios of equivalent lOL power after LASlK using the Holladay, Haigis-L and SRK-T formulas were 0. 86 ± 0. 41D, 0. 43 ± 0. 30D and 1. 27 ± 0. 58D, respectively . There was no significant difference between Holladay group and SRK-T group ( t=-0. 271, P=0. 625>0. 05 ). However, significant difference was found between Haigis-L group and Holladay group ( t=2. 249, P=0.047<0. 05), Haigis-L group and SRK-T group (t=6. 012, P=0. 031<0. 05).
CONCLUSlON:The Haigis-L formula is more accurate than the SRK-T and Holladay formulas in predicting lOL power for cataract patients with high myopia after LASlK.

In this study, the psbA-trnH sequence as DNA barcode was used to evaluate the accuracy and stability for identification pteridophyte medicinal material Pyrrosiae Foliumas from adulterants. Genomic DNA from 106 samples were extracted successfully. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) distances and ML tree were calculated using software MEGA 6.0. The intra-specific genetic distances of 3 original plants were lower than inter-specific genetic distances of adulterants. The ML tree indicated that Pyrrosiae Folium can be distinguished from its adulterants obviously. Therefore, the psbA-trnH sequence as a barcode of the pteridophyte, can accurately and stably distinguish Pyrrosiae Folium from its adulterants.
Base Sequence ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Ferns ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Quality Control

This study is to investigate the tumor invasion and metastasis inhibition effects of the immunoconjugate composed of lidamycin and anti-type IV collagenase monoclonal antibody Fab' fragment. Boyden chamber assay was used to evaluate the influence of Fab'-LDM on HT-1080 cells invasion ability, gelatinase spectrum was used to measure the change of invasion factor MMP-2 and MMP-9's secretion, and RT-PCR was adopted to determine TIMP-1 mRNA expression level. The immunoconjugate inhibition of tumor in situ metastasis was also tested in nude mice. The Fab'-LDM conjugates had dose-dependent inhibition effect on HT-1080 cells' invasion. At the concentrations of 5 and 10 nmol L(-1), the Fab'-LDM inhibited the invasion by (60 +/- 12) % and (79 +/- 11) % respectively. At the concentration of 5 and 10 nmol L(-1), the Fab'-LDM inhibited the secretion of MMP-2 by (42 +/- 8) % and (54 +/- 6) % and that of MMP-9 by (57 +/- 3) % and (87 +/- 1) %, respectively. RT-PCR indicated that conjugates increased the anti-invasion factor TIMP-1 level. The in vivo experiment showed that, compared with the control group, the tumor inhibition rate in Fab', Fab'-LDM, and LDM group equaled to (30 +/- 13) %, (86 +/- 26) %, (74 +/- 22) % respectively. In conclusion, Fab'-LDM could inhibit the invasion and metastasis of tumor and it might be a new tumor biotherapy agent.

Objective To investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expressions of sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (Ntcp) and bile salt export pump (Bsep),as well as the liver function markers in the serum including total bilirubin (TBIL),total bile acids (TBA),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in mice.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight C57BL/6 mice were intra-peritoneally injected with different doses of 5,10,20 or 40 mg/kg LPS (n =24),respectively.No treatment or treated with 0.9％ NaC1 in mice as controls.Serum TBIL,TBA,ALT and AST levels were measured at 24 h,48 h and 72 h after LPS injection in each group.The mRNA expressions of Ntcp and Bsep were detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).The liver histological sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E).Results The Ntcp and Bsep mRNA expressions in mice liver were significantly lower in livers of LPS-treated mice within 24-72 h compared with control group,and the lowest level was reached at 24 h in a dose-dependent manner.And the relative expressions of Ntcp mRNA and Bsep mRNA were (0.64 ± 0.02),(0.53 ± 0.14),(0.25±0.09),(0.15±0.07)and (0.74±0.12),(0.58±0.11),(0.41±0.09),(0.27 ± ± 0.11) in livers of mice injected with LPS in the different doses of 5,10,20,40 mg/kg,respectively.In addition,serum levels of TBIL,TBA,ALT,and AST were significantly increased in mice of LPS-treated group compared with control group,particularly within 24 h after LPS treatment.Serum levels of TBIL,TBA,ALT,and AST were significantly decreased in mice of 40 mg/kg LPS-treated 72 h group compared with 24 h group presenting them with (1.29 ± 0.25) μ mol/L vs.(1.71 ± 0.22) μ moL/L,(6.97 ± 0.98) μmol/Lvs.(8.96±1.01) μmol/L,(120.17±21.08) U/L vs.(179.22±16.57) U/L,(360.34 ±35.31) U/L vs.(510.97 ± 34.70) U/L,respectively.Furthermore,histological changes in liver depend on dose and the course of LPS treatment.Cytoplasm rarefaction and inflammatory cells infiltration were detected at 24 h after treatment with 5 or 10 mg/kg LPS.Acidophilic and vacuolar degeneration,neutrophils infiltration in the hepatic sinusoid and portal area,the proliferation of bile ductulus were observed at 48 h,72 h after treatment with 5 or 10 mg/kg LPS.In the 20 or 40 mg/kg LPS treatment groups,focal necrosis,infiltration with inflammatory cells,proliferation of bile ductulus and expansion of duct were observed at 24 h,48 h and 72 h after LPS treatment.Conclusions LPS decreases the mRNA expressions of Ntcp and Bsep in a dose dependent manner in mice,contributing to mechanism of liver injury induced by endotoxin.

OBJECTIVETo perform a meta-analysis on clinical outcomes of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for distal tibial fractures in adults.

METHODSPubmed database (from 1968 to March 2014), Cochrane library and CNKI database (from 1998 to March 2014) were searched. Case-control study on minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for distal tibial fractures in adults were chosen,and postoperative infection, operative time, blood loss, fracture nonunion rate, delayed union,fracture malunion rate were seen as evaluation index for meta analysis. The system review was performed using the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration.

RESULTSTotally 5 studies (366 patients) were enrolled. Meta-analysis showed that there were significant meaning in postoperative infection between MIPPO and ORIF [OR = 0.23,95% CI (0.06,0.92), P = 0.04]; fracture nonunion rate in MIPPO was lower than in ORIF group [OR = 0.16, 95% CI (0.03,0.76), P = 0.02]; operative time in MIPPO was shorter than in ORIF group, and had significant difference [MD = -14.42, 95% CI (-27.79, -1.05), P < 0.05]; blood loss in MIPPO was less than in ORIF group [MD= -87.17,95%CI (-99.20, -75.15), P < 0.05]; there was no obviously meaning in delayed union between two groups.

CONCLUSIONFor distal tibial fractures in adults, MIPPO has, advantages of short operative time, less blood loss, lower incidence of infection and fracture non-uniom, but with high fracture malunion rate. MIPPO for distal tibial fractures in adults is better than ORIF, and the best treatment should choose according to patient's condition.

Bone Plates ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Operative Time ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

To study the mechanisms of total flavonoid from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (TFGR) and its ingredient isoliquiritigenin (ISL) on their regulation of M2 phenotype polarization of macrophages. IL-4 (60 μg x L(-1)) induced RAW264.7 cells for 6 h to establish the M2 macrophage model. TFGR and ISL restrained breast cancer cells migration with the aid of M2 macrophages in vitro. TFGR and ISL inhibited gene and protein expression of Arg-1, up-regulated gene of HO-1 and protein expression of iNOS, enhanced the expression of microRNA 155 and its target gene SHIP1, meanwhile down-regulated.the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT6. So TFGR and ISL were the bioactive fraction and ingredient in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to reverse M2 phenotype macrophages polarization. TFGR and ISL inhibited the promotion of M2 macrophages to breast cancer cells migration in vitro, STAT signal pathways and miR155 were partly involved.
Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Polarity ; drug effects ; Chalcones ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Interleukin-4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Macrophages ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Head ; surgery ; Humans ; Neck ; surgery ; United States

Objective To investigate the expressions of intermedin /adrenomeduliin 2 (IMD/AM2) and its receptor calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) in the kidney of rats after renal ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI). Methods Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups: sham group and operation group. Renal IRI model was induced by clamping both renal arteries. Blood and kidney were harversted at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h after reperfusion, respectively. Renal histological changes were semi-quantitated. Expressions of IMD and CRLR in the kidney were detected by Western blot, and the content of IMD in serum was measured by radioimmunity at 12 h, 48 h, 72 h after repeffusion. Results Kidneys of renal IRI model rats displayed significant pathologic changes, and the changes were much severer at 48 h after reperfusion. The expressions of IMD and CRLR in kidney were significantly up-regnlated at 12 h, 48 h, 72 h after renal IRI (P<0.01). The level of IMD in serum increased at 12 h, 48 h, 72 h after renal IRI (P<0.05). Conclusion The expressions of IMD and its receptor are up-regulated in the kidney after renal IRI, which may participate in the pathophysiological changes induced by renal IRI.

Objective To observe the immunostaining of endothelin-1(ET-1) and von Willebrand factor(vWF) in pulmonary vascular of ventricular septal defect(VSD) with pulmonary hypertension(PH),and the possible roles of ET-1 and vWF in the development of PH and remodeling in pulmonary artery.Methods VSD with non-PH were choosed as control group,20 cases with VSD with PH were divided into Ⅰgroup and Ⅱgroup according to mean pulmonary artery pressure. The specimens from middle lobe of right lung was obtained and stained by immunohistochemical technique.The degree of immunoreaction was measured with light density.Results The light density of ET-1 and vWF in small pulmonary arteries had significant statistical difference between every group,and Ⅱgroup was higher than those of Ⅰgroup,but no difference in small pulmonary veins.In every group,the light density of ET-1 and vWF had significant difference between small pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins.There were statistical correlation among mean pulmonary pressure,VSD/A,ET-1 and vWF.Conclusions ET-1 and vWF are concerned with the development of PH and mediate pulmonary vascular remodeling.The data of small pulmonary veins suggest that the main origin of ET-1 in pulmonary tissue is small pulmonary artery.