Total aerobic plate counts for bacterial colonies in the Bullacta exarata ranged from 7. 3?10 5 to 2. 8?10 6 cells per gram. 217 strains of bacteria were isolated from the Bullacta exarata and 88. 5% of them were Gram-negative rod . The predominant genera were composed of Enterobacteriaceae (61 strains), Aeromonas (58), Vibrio (27), Pseudomonas (21). The results indicate that total bacteria numbers exceeds state standard by 1～2 quantity level in every samples. The coliform bacteria numbers exceeds health standard in sample of seven and nine month. It should be brought to attention. The microflora were composed of ten genus , predominant Bacillus of rearing shoal were few in the Bullacta exarata that may play a special role for regulating and controlling the microbial community .

Objective To investigate the clinical features of infantile cytomegalovirus(CMV) hepatitis with cholestasis.Methods The clinical features of infantile CMV hepatitis with cholestasis were retrospected in 48 cases and the liver function were detected before and after therapy in 23 cases.Results Forty-eight cases of infantile cytomegalovirus hepatitis with cholestasis had different degrees of jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly and abnormal liver functions. After therapy of 23 cases, the clinical symptoms and serum biochemical parameters such as bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase were improved , but serum parameters of aspartate aminotransferase ,alkaline phospholipids and ?-glutamyltransferase had no improvement.Conclusion The theraphy of CMV hepatitis with cholestasis shall be individual.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of interleukin-2(IL-2)on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)mice.Methods After establishment of the EAE(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) mouse models with MOG35-55 polypeptides,the mice were grouped according to the neurological function score and divided into control group,EAE group and low dose IL-2 treatment group.A double blind method was used to evaluate the neuro-logical impairment in mice.On the 29th day,pathological experiments were carried out in the mice's brain and spinal cord, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate the scoring of inflammatory cell infiltration and luxol fast blue staining was used to evaluate the scoring of demyelinating.The proportion of regulatory T cells(Treg)and NK cells(natural killer cell, NK)was detected by flow cytometry,and the immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of glial fibril -lary acidic protein(GFAP)and myelin basic protein(MBP)in the spinal cord.Results Compared with the EAE group, the neurological function score, the inflammatory cell infiltration score and the demyelinating score of the low dose IL-2 treatment group were reduced.The proportion of Treg cells in the low dose IL-2 treatment group was significantly higher than that in the EAE group,and the proportion of NK cells in the low dose IL-2 treatment group was slightly higher than that in the EAE group The expression of GFAP and MBP was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression level of GFAP in low dose IL-2 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the EAE group,while the expression level of MBP was higher than that in the EAE group.Conclusion Low dose IL-2 has significant therapeutic effect on EAE mice.

Objective To compare the difference of biochemical characteristics and virulent Pst Ⅰ of Yersinia pestis strains in traditional focuses of plague in Yunna Province and in the new focuses of plague in Yulong County. Methods The identification data of biochemical characteristics(Rhamnose, Glycerol, Maltose, L-Arabina and Melibiose fermentation) and virulence factor(Pst Ⅰ) from different focuses of plague in Yunna Province were Retrospectively collected by tube test followed by the analysis using statistics software SAS 8.0 by Fisher exact probability of disordered two-way R × C table χ2 test. Results Among 48 strains of Yersinia pestis from hantaan type plague focus, 1 strain fermented L-maltose, 48 strains fermented Glycerol. Among 165 strains of Yersinia pestis from the Soul type plague focus, 1 strain did not ferment L-maltose, only one of them fermented Glycerol. 1 strain from the Soul type plague focus was confirmed to have mutation, for the test of nitrate reduction reaction was negative. All 5 strains of Yersinia pestis from the new focuses of plague in Yulong County fermented L-maltose and Glycerol. The statistical result showed that the differences in L-maltose and Glycerol fermentation of Yersinia pestis from different natural focuses of plague in Yunnan Province were statistically siguificant (P < 0.01). The differences of other biochemical characteristics and Pst Ⅰ were not statistically significant (P > 0.01). Conclusions Biochemical characteristics of Yersinia pestis from the hantaan type plague focus and the Soul type plague focus in Yunnan province are overlapping. Biochemical characteristics of Yersinia pestis from the new focuses of plague in Yulong County are different from those tradition focuses of plague in Yunna Province but share similarities to those from Unquiculatus focuses in North Tibet.

The effect of magnetic Fe3O4 particles on cellulase in the enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower seed hull was studied in different adding ways and additive amount. In the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower seed hull, the variations of cellulase activity, reducing sugar concentration and cellulose conversion were evaluated. After the reaction, the analysis of pH and surface tension of hydrolysate were also used to determine the mechanisms of cellulase by the magnetic effect. The results indicated that after adding magnetic Fe3O4, the cellulase activity, reducing sugar concentration and conversion of cellulose had an increased between the 0.5 g/L and 2.0 g/L cases after 48 h. When the additive amount of magnetic Fe3O4 was 2 g/L, the cellulase activity at 60 h was improved significantly by 25.9%. It was found that the concentration of reducing sugar was increased from 6.950 mg/mL to 8.775 mg/mL with magnetic Fe3O4 1.5 g/L. Simultaneously, compared with the blank, which the conversion of cellulose was 47.932%, the maximum celluloseconversion of samples with adding magnetic Fe3O4 was 60.531%. Besides, the stability of cellulase activity adding in times was better than in one time. After the reaction, the final surface tension of hydrolysate with 1.5 g/L magnetic Fe3O4 was the lowest in comparison with the blank. However, no significant differences were observed in the final pH of the hydrolysate.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Dendrobium chrysotoxum.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and structurally elucidated by spectral evidences.

RESULTTen compounds were obtained and identified as (+)-syringare sinol (1), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-24( R)-methycholesta-6, 22-dien-3beta-ol (2), trans-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-acrylic acid octacosyl ester (3), defusin (4), 3, 4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (5), 3, 4-dimethoxy-benzoic acid (6), vanillic acid (7), 3, 4-dimethoxy-benzoic acid methyl ester (8), 3, 5-dibromo-2-aminobenzaldehyde (9), heptadecanoic acid 2, 3-dihydroxy-propyl ester (10).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1, 2 and 6-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Furans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Vanillic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo express and purify of the BC097361 recombinant protein, and to prepare the BC097361 specific rabbit polyclonal antibody.

METHODSBC097361 cDNA was ligated into the prokaryotic expressive vector pET-32a (+), and the resulting plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3). The protein expression was induced with IPTG and the protein was analyzed with SDS-PAGE and western blotting. The expressed product was purified using Ni+ affinity column chromatography.Then the purified pET-32a (+) -BC097361 fusion protein was used to immunize New Zealand rabbits to gain polyclonal antibody. The specificity and potency of polyclonal antibody were evaluated by Western blot and ELISA.

RESULTSThe BC097361 fusion protein was highly expressed.The protein was mainly in the inclusion body. ELISA indicated the titer of polyclonal antibody more than 1:320000. The high specificity was confirmed with Western blot.

CONCLUSIONSThe recombinant BC097361 fusion protein and the BC097361 specific polyclonal antibody will be valuable tools for the investigation on the biological function of BC097361.

Angiotensin II ; genetics ; Animals ; Antibodies ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Antibody Specificity ; Blotting, Western ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Liver Cirrhosis ; genetics ; Male ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire we designed for subhealth status survey based on the symptoms described in traditional Chinese medicine.

METHODBy on-the-spot investigation, the recovery rate of the questionnaires was 96.3% and the response rate of the items was 97.2%.

RESULTSInternal consistency reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was high (0.9274-0.9676), and each item was closely associated with its related factors (with Spearman coefficient mostly above 0.6 except for that for bodily symptoms in female). Factor loading was approximately consistent with the structure and content of the questionnaire.

CONCLUSIONThis subhealth status questionnaire can be reliable and effective.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; standards

OBJECTIVEThough myasthenia gravis (MG) is a typical autoimmune disorder, there was some controversy on the treatment of the childhood-onset MG. By observing the efficacy of different therapies, the authors analyzed the affecting factors of prognosis in childhood-onset MG.

METHODThe retrospective data of 155 patients with childhood-onset MG (age of MG onset was less than 15 years) were collected from Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital (January 2000 - February 2010). The patients were non-randomly divided according to their treatment into 3 groups (glucocorticoid, thymectomy and glucocorticoid combined with thymectomy groups). Postintervention status meeting the criteria of Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) "complete stable remission, CSR", "pharmacologic remission, PR", "minimal manifestations, MM", or "Improved, I" was regarded as desirable response, which was used as primary indicator of observation. The authors assessed the efficacy of three therapies and analyzed the influencing factors of prognosis by using Chi-square test and Logistic regression.

RESULTAt 3 months of treatment, glucocorticoid group showed the highest effective rate. At the end of 1 year or 2 years of treatment, glucocorticoid combined with thymectomy group showed the highest effective rate respectively. The generalization rate of MG at 2 years, 10 years and 20 years in childhood-onset ocular MG patients were 4.3%, 10.7%, and 41.5%, respectively. Of patients with generalization of MG, 48.1% occurred within 2 years, 92.6% within 20 years. Univariate analysis showed that in childhood-onset ocular MG patients, variables such as age at onset (> 10 years), LG-MG and with chronic fatigue were significantly associated with general MG conversion. Whereas multivariate analysis showed that patients with age at onset (> 10 years) and chronic muscle fatigue were apt to convert to generalized MG.

CONCLUSIONGlucocorticoid appeared to have an effect that leads to early remission of symptoms in childhood-onset MG patients and glucocorticoid combined with thymectomy appeared to have better long-term effect. For those childhood-onset ocular MG patients with longer course of disease, older age of onset, chronic fatigue, or LG-MG, physicians should try to prevent the generalization of MG by immunosuppressive therapies.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Myasthenia Gravis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Thymectomy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effects of bicyclol combined with ganciclocir on infantile cytomegalovirus hepatitis.

METHODSSeventy infants with cytomegalovirus hepatitis were randomized into treatment group (n=35) and control group (n=35) for a 2-week-long treatment with ganciclocir (5 mg/kg) with and without oral bicyclol (3 mg/kg, twice daily), respectively.

RESULTSIn both groups, significant changes occurred in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum total bilirubin, serum total bile acid, and glutamyl transpeptidase after the 2-week treatment (P<0.01); these parameters differed significantly between the two groups after the treatment (P<0.01). Compared with those in the control group, the infants in the treatment group showed significantly better responses to the treatment (P<0.05) with a significantly higher rate of serum anti CMV IgM negativity (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBicyclol combined with ganciclocir can reduce glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and serum total bilirubin, and decrease bile acid levels to lessen liver cell damage and promote the recovery of liver cells.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Biphenyl Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Cytomegalovirus ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Ganciclovir ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver Function Tests