Microbes that produce Docosahexaenoic Acid were isolated from seawater. 160 strains capable of producing lipids were screened out using Sudan Black B dying method from 280 seawater samples. From 60 strains of microorganisms producing bigger lipid particles, 7 strains of them capable of producing lipids more than 8% were obtained with Soxhlet abstracting method in the first screening. In the secondary screening from 10 strains with high lipids yield, strain 7-3 capable of producing 15.9% lipids was obtained, in which the content of DHA(Docosahexaenoic Acid)is 45.2%. Strain 7-3 was identified as Brettanomyces based on its morphological properties, cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of management in younger patients with primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma (PCACG).METHODS: Thirty-eight patients (50 eyes) aged 40 or younger with confirmed diagnosis of PCACG in advanced or late stage who received surgical treatment in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from January 2000 to December 2005were retrospectively investigated. All patients underwent trabeculectomy. The mean follow-up was 23.6±7.5 months.Full ophthalmic examinations were performed. The clinical outcomes including clinical presentations, surgical results and complications were evaluated.RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 33.5±6.1 years old. There was a female preponderance (60.5%). The mean axial length was 22.4±3.5mm with 18.0% short axis of eyeball and 14% nanophthalmos. There was 60.0% fiat anterior chamber depth (＜1.9mm). Ultrasonic Biomicroscopy identified that plateau iris was the most common underlying etiology (80.6%). There was a statistically significant difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction postoperativelyvs preoperatively (P＜0.001). Four eyes failed to control IOP and received second filtration surgery. The main postoperative complications included shallow anterior chamber (20.0%) and malignant glaucoma (12.0%).CONCLUSION: The younger PCACG patients in advanced or late stage can be effectively managed by trabeculectomy.They have more frequency of postoperative sustained shallow anterior chamber and malignant glaucoma. Careful ophthalmic examinations, delicate surgical procedures and well-managed technique of complications were suggested on younger PCACG patients.

Objective To explore the outcomes of kidney transplant recipients who developed urinary and male genital cancers after transplantation. Methods Data of 31 kidney transplant recipients developed de novo urinary and male genital cancer were compared with data of 31 patients in general population with the same age and same tumor stage. Results Compared with the general population, the overall survival was significantly worse in the transplant recipients (P=0. 02) , 5-year survival rates for each group were 50% vs 68%. Multivariate analyses demonstrated cancer stage to be a negative risk factor for survival for transplant recipients with de novo urinary and male genital cancer, and surgery and functioning graft to be the positive survival predictors. Conclusions Transplant recipients experience worse outcomes than the general population from urinary and male genital cancers. Cancers in transplant recipients are more biologically aggressive at the time of diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship of plasma endotoxin level with TCM deficiency/excess Syndrome and the grading/staging of pathologic change of liver in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

METHODSPlasma level of endotoxin (ET) was determined using chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay in 75 patients with chronic hepatitis B (30 of excess dominance, 45 of deficiency dominance) and also in 15 healthy subjects for control. Moreover, pathological examination on liver biopsy of 20 patients was conducted.

RESULTS(1) ET level increased in all CHB patients, and the increment was higher in patients of excess dominance than that in patients of deficiency dominance, showing significant difference (P < 0.01). (2) Correlation between ET level and liver pathological grading/staging was shown in CHB patients.

CONCLUSIONPlasma level of ET could be taken as one of the criteria of TCM microcosmic diagnosis in differentiating deficiency/excess syndrome. (2) Endotoxemia plays an important role in pathologic process of liver injury.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endotoxins ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; etiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Yang Deficiency ; blood ; pathology ; Yin Deficiency ; blood ; pathology

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; Uveitis, Anterior ; etiology

Objective To investigate expression and suppressive function of CD39 + regulatory T cells (Treg) in kidney transplant recipients.Method Thirty recipients of first kidney transplants were treated with tacrolimus,mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone.Within 28 days posttransplantation,there were 14 patients subject to acute rejection (AR group),and the rest 16 patients had no episodes of acute rejections (NR group).Twelve healthy volunteers served as healthy controls (HC group).We collected peripheral blood from the three groups and separated PBMC by density gradient centrifugation,and sorted Tresp,CD39-Treg and CD39+ Treg by flow cytometry.We next analyzed the ratio of CD39 + Treg/CD4+ T cells.ELISA was used to determine the suppressive ability of CD39-Treg and CD39+ Treg on secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17 by Tresp.Results The ratio of CD39 + Treg/CD4 + T cells in AR group was significantly reduced as compared with HC group and NR group (P＜0.05).In HC group and NR group,the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17 by Tresp was suppressed significantly (P＜0.05) by CD39+ Treg.CD39Treg could suppress secretion of IFN-γ but not IL-17 production by Tresp.CD39+ Treg in AR group AR could suppress the secretion of IFN-γ significantly (P＜0.01),but not to IL-17 production.Conclusion CD39+ Treg have important immunoregulation function.The relative amount of CD39+ Treg was reduced and their regulatory function was impaired in patients with acute rejection.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of combined liver and kidney transplantation (CLKT). Methods CLKT was performed on 22 patients. The orthotopic liver transplantation (LT) was preceded with the classic fashion in 10 patients and piggyback fashion in 12 patients. The renal allograft was implanted to the iliac fossa routinely. After operation, the patients received an induction therapy with anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody or antithymocyte globulin ( ATG) and a maintenance therapy with tacrolimus (Tac), mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone. Results The CLKT was successfully performed on all 22 patients, and the graft function was restored well postoperation. During the perioperative period, an acute rejection episode of liver occurred in one patient and acute renal allograft rejection episode in 2 patients. The Tac toxicity occurred in one patient. The hemorrhage of digestive tract occurred in one recipient and the hemorrhage of peritoneal cavity in one patient. The pleural effusion occurred in 6 recipients. The pneumonia occurred in 2 cases and the peritoneal infection in one patient During a follow-up period of 6 months to 7 years 11 months, three patients died because of cytomegalovirus pneumonia in 2 patients and acute myocardial infarction in, one patient, The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rate of recipients was 86,4 %, 81.3 %, 72.7 % respectively. Conclusion The CLKT is an effective method for treatment of patients with end-stage liver djsease and chronic renal failure.

Objective To explore the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) on biological behaviors of lung cancer A549 cells in nude mice.Methods Thirty-six models of transplanted tumor in Balb/c mice were established by using lung cancer A549 cells and divided into three groups:control group,without given any immunosuppressant; CsA group,intraperitoneally given CsA; Tac group,intraperitoneally given Tac.The transplanted tumor growth curve was drawn according to the transplanted tumor volume,and the influencing ratio was calculated according to the final tumor weight.The changes in cell migration ability were observed by using Transwell system.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to examine the apoptosis index of the transplanted tumor.Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA.Results The growth of transplanted tumor in CsA and Tac groups was faster than in control group.Final tumor volume and final tumor weight in CsA and Tac groups were greater than those in control group.The influencing ratio in CsA and Tac groups was 19％ (P＜0.05) and 25％ (P＜0.05),respectively.The migration ability was greater in CsA and Tac groups than in control group (P＜0.01).The apoptosis index of the transplanted tumor in CsA and Tac groups was lower than in control group (P＜0.05).The expression level of Bcl-2 mRNA was higher in CsA and Tac groups than in control group (P＜0.05),and that of Bax mRNA was lower in CsA and Tac groups than in control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Both CsA and Tac can promote the growth of transplanted tumor in nuce mice bearing 549 cells and enhance the invasion forces,which is probably related with the apoptosis induction of tumor cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of HbA1c meeting the standard or not on microalbuminuria,blood lipids and liver enzymes in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 457 subjects who had type 2 diabetes.They were divided into substandard group and standard group according to HbA1c result.The general information and relevant laboratory indicators of patients were.collected and compared between two groups.Results The microalbuminuria,serum triglyceride and liver enzymes (glutamyl transpeptidase,alkaline phosphatase,aspertate aminotransferase) were significantly different between two groups [ (189.8 ± 235.3) mg/dl vs (38.9 ± 85.5) mg/dl,(2.64 ± 2.99) mmol/L vs (2.02 ± 1.50)mmol/L,(41.7 ±52.9)U/L vs (29.7 ±24.9)U/L,(83.6 ±28.6) U/L vs (74.3 ±25.8)U/L,(26.7 ±19.1)U/L vs (22.0 ±10.5) U/L,P ＜0.05].HbA1c level was positively correlated with microalbuminuria,glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase (r =0.209,0.115,0.11,P ＜0.01).The microalbuminuria was an independent risk factor of affecting HbA1c to reach the standard (OR = 1.009,P ＜0.05).Conclusions HbA1c meeting the standard or not can influence many factors except blood glucose.

Objective To explore the outcome for kidney transplant recipients who suffered from cancers after transplantation. Methods De novo cancer data in 59 transplant recipients were collected. 6 cases of native renal cell carcinomas, 4 cases of native pelvo-ureteral carcinomas, 14 cases of bladder cancers, 7 cases of prostate cancers, 9 cases of hepatocellular carcinomas, 3 cases of gastric carcinomas, 2 cases of colon cancers, 1 case of pancreatic cancer, 4 cases of breast cancers, 3 cases of cervical cancers, 2 cases of skin cancers, 2 cases of non-small cell lung cancers, 1 case of thyroid cancer and 1 case of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. These data were compared with those from 59 patients in general population with the same gender, age and tumor stage. Results Overall incidence rate for de novo malignancy post-transplantation was 1. 9 % (59/3150). Urinary cancers were the most common. Compared to the general population, the overall survival was significantly worsened in transplant recipients (P<0. 01), and 5-year survival rate in transplantation group and control group was 30 % vs 75 0 %. Multivariate analyses demonstrated cancer stage to he a negative risk factor for survival of transplant recipients with de novo cancer, and surgery and functioning graft to be the positive survival predictors. Conclusion Transplant recipients experience worse outcomes than the general population for these cancers. These data suggest that cancers in transplant recipients are more aggressive biologically at the time of diagnosis.