Proinflammatory cytokines induced by peripheral immune challenge can activate the inflammatory reflex, which results in negative-feedback control of inflammation .Some recent studies revealed that it is the splanchnic nerve , not the vagus nerve , to constitute the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex .Further researches are needed to iden-tify the neural construction and regulatory mechanism of the inflammatory reflex , which might be harnessed for the treatment of inflammation and the development of anti-inflammatory drugs .

Objective To evaluate the levels of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) in prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children with burn. Methods Forty seven children with burn were selected in this study and thirty healthy children were enrolled as a control group. Levels of blood routine, urine routine, serum creatinine (Scr), serum NGAL (SNGAL), urine NGAL (UNGAL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to estimate the AKI diagnostic value of serum NGAL, urine NGAL and Scr. Results On the day of admission, serum NGAL and urine NGAL were significantly increased in patients with AKI , while Scr did not change significantly as compared with those in non-AKI patients and the healthy controls. In AKI group, serum NGAL and urine NGAL were positively correlated with WBC and CRP on the day of admission , and positively related with Scr on the seventh day. ROC analysis showed the AUC of serum NGAL, urine NGAL and Scr on admission were 0.737(95%CI: 0.653 ~ 0.779, P < 0.05), 0.772(95%CI: 0.632 ~ 0.793, P < 0.05), and 0.508(95%CI: 0.454~0.618, P < 0.05) respectively. The cut-off value of serum NGAL and urine NGAL were 318 μg/L (sensitivity of 72.8% and specificity of 81.6%) and 105 μg/L (sensitivity of 75.6% and specificity of 83.7%). Conclusions Elevation in levels of serum NGAL and urine NGAL occurs earlier than that in Scr level in children with burn. Both serum and urine NGAL level can be used as a biomarker for early prediction of AKI.

Objective To explore the efficacy of treatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer after radical surgery. Methods In this study,the management of 107 patients with postoperative locally recurrence of rectal carcinoma admitted from August 1993 to February 2002 was retrospectively analyzed.Results Thirty-two cases were treated by reoperation combined with adjuvant therapy(group A),37 cases underwent ressction alone(group B),38 patients received adjuvant therapy alone(group C).The age of these patients was 49.3±20.7,44.4±25.4,and 52.9±29.1 respectively.The median survival time after treatment was 27.8,14.6,and 13.7 months,respectively.The five year's survival of patients in group A was better than that in group B and group C significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusions The aggressive surgery combined with adjuvant therapy improves the survival of the patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer after radical surgery.

Objective To explore the efficacy of various retreatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer after radical surgery. Methods Totally 107 patients of locally recurrent rectal cancer, who were admitted from August, 1993 to February, 2002 and retreated, were retrospectively analyzed. Results Thirty-two patients were treated by resection combined with adjuvant therapy (group A), 37 patients underwent resection alone (group B), and 38 patients received adjuvant therapy alone (group C). The medium age of these three groups was 49.3?20.7, 44.4?25.4, 52.9?29.1, respectively. The median survival time of groups A, B, C was 27.8, 14.6, 13.7 months, respectively. The five-year survival rate of group A was significantly higher than that of groups B and C (P

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a special subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, characterized by the reciprocal chromosomal translocation of t (15;17)(q22;q21), which generates PML-RARαfusion protein. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and As2O3 could induce APL cells to differentiation and apoptosis, respectively, making APL become the first curable leukemia. Autophagy is one of metabolic mechanisms to maintain cell homeostasis. Recent studies have showed that autophagy plays an important role in the differentiation of APL cells induced by ATRA/As2O3. Meanwhile, autophagy may affect the sensitivity of APL cells to the pro-apoptotic effect of drugs. Therefore, targeting and regulating autophagy might be a new therapeutic approach of APL and even other leukemia in the future. This article will briefly review the advance of autophagy in APL in recent years.

DNA Damage ; DNA Glycosylases ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Repair Enzymes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; genetics ; metabolism

Humans ; Papillomavirus Infections ; therapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; therapy

Child ; Dinitrobenzenes ; poisoning ; Humans

Triptolide (TPT), an active compound extracted from Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii , has been used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, after synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid arthritis (RASFs) were treated with TPT, we investigated its effect on the differentiation of Th17 cells. Firstly, the mRNA level of cyclooxygenase (COX) wad detected by qRT-PCR and the protein level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was tested by ELISA in RASFs treated with different concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100 nmol L-1 ) of TPT. Then after TPT pre-treated RASFs and RA CD4 + T cells wer e co-cultured for 3 days in the presence or absence of PGE2, IL-17 and IFN-gamma production in CD4 T cell subsets were detected by flow cytometry. The results showed TPT decreased the mRNA experssion of COX2 and the secretion of PGE2 in RASFs in a dose-dependent manner(P <0. 05). We further found that differentiation of Thl7 cells was downregulated in a dose-dependent manner, and exogenous PGE2 could reverse the inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation(P <0. 05). Taken together, our results demonstrated that TPT inhibited the mRNA level of COX2 and the secretion of PGE2 in RASFs, which partly led to impaired Th17 cell differentiation in vitro.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; immunology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dinoprostone ; metabolism ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; Epoxy Compounds ; pharmacology ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Synovial Fluid ; drug effects ; Th17 Cells ; drug effects ; pathology

Objective To investigate the effects of Xuebijing on the regulations of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) 、von Wilebrand factor(vWF)、interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the treatment effectiveness in pulmonary contusion patients.Methods Fifty-one pulmonary contusion patients admitted into the hospital from January 2010 to January 2012 were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into two groups (treatment group and control group).The levels of the TNF-α、vWF 、IL-6 in the pulmonary contusion patients were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to investigate the change of the inflammatory cytokines and the treatment effectiveness in treatment group and control group.Results The hospitalization time of treatment group and control group was (19.83 ± 2.35) d,(21.52 ± 2.73) d respectively,the hospitalization time of the treatment group was significantly shorter than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (t =2.38,P ＜0.05) ;The incidence of ARDS was 14.81％ and 41.67％ respectively,the incidence of ARDS of the treatment group was significantly lower,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.6,P ＜ 0.05) ;The inflammatory mediators index of the two groups showed as follws:the first day of the TNF-α(181.35 ± 14.25) ng/L,(179.17 ± 16.28) ng/L,the third day of the TNF-α(169.21 ± 16.42) ng/L,(179.18 ± 17.31) ng/L,the fifth day of the TNF-α(131.78 ± 13.02) ng/L,(140.84 ± 14.27) ng/L,the seventh day of the TNF-α (99.45 ± 16.02)ng/L,(110.56 ± 17.09) ng/L;The first day of the vWF (178.73 ± 22.09) ng/L,(177.73 ± 23.02) ng/L,the third day of the vWF (208.46 ± 14.13) ng/L,(220.53 ± 23.02) ng/L,the fifth day of the vWF (252.32 ±15.22) ng/L,(266.40 ±25.79) ng/L,the seventh day of the vWF(201.49 ±9.21) ng/L,(217.27 ±22.68)ng/L;The first day of the IL-6 (172.14 ± 12.41) ng/L,(169.53 ± 13.55) ng/L,the third day of the IL-6 (147.24 ± 16.33) ng/L,(158.41 ±21.04) ng/L,the fifth day of the IL-6(126.36 ± 11.37) ng/L,(137.21 ± 21.23) ng/L,the seventh day of the IL-6 (114.03 ± 10.26) ng/L,(122.16 ± 13.59) ng/L,the differences within the group and between the two groups were significant(within the group:F =206.58,218.57,198.35 respectively,P ＜ 0.01 ;between the groups:F =19.053,17.259,17.235 respectively,P ＜ 0.01).And in the third,fifth and seventh day,3 indicators of treatment groups were lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Xuebijing can inhibit inflammatory transmitters,relieve inflammatory reactions,decrease the rate of ARDS incidence,shorten the hospitalization time and help to improve the prognosis of the patients with acute pulmonary contusion.