Childhood tuberculosis remains a serious public health threat which draws more and more attention.The unspecific symptoms or signs and the paucibacillary nature of childhood tuberculosis make it hard to diagnose which delays appropriate treatment and increases disease burden and mortality.Molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR),real-time PCR,and DNA line probe based on mycobacterium tuberculosis specific nucleotide sequence will make a quick and reliable diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Resistin decreases insulin's action. Therefore might be a key molecule in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese subjects.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of resistin gone expression and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) in type 2 diabetic rat models, and to explore the effect of rosiglitazone on resistin gone expression in a rat diabetic model.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Department of Geratology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zbengzhou University.MATERIALS: Thirty 2-month-old healthy female Wistar rats were provided by Animal Center of Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Common diets were provided by Animal Center of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and the gross calorific value was 14.88 J/g (mass fraction: 0.2protein, 0.61 carbohydrate, 0.17 fat); furthermore, high-fat diets were mixed with common diets, saccharobiose, rendered lard, egg, and mild powder, and the gross calorific value was 20.083 J/g (mass fraction: 0.09 protein, 0.51 carbohydrate, 0.38fat). Resistin and β -actin were synthesized in Beijing Salbaisheng Company.METHODS: This study was performed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2006 to October 2007. The experimental for animal manipulation conforms to criteria of the university's ethnic committee. Two weeks after adaptability, rats were randomly divided into normal chew group (n=8) and high-fat diet group (n=22). Rats in the high-fat diet group underwent vena caudalis injection with streptozotoein (25 mg/kg), and two days later they were continued fed with high-fat diet. For normal chew group rats were injected with sodium citrate-citrate buffer solution (1 mL/kg) and continued normal chew. After 12 weeks, 15 rats in the high-fat diet group were hyperglycemic and were randomly divided into rosiglitazone (n=8) and high-fat diet diabetic group (n=7). Rats were lavaged with rosiglitazone (2 mg/kg/d) in the rosiglitazone group and with distilled water (8 mL/kg/d) in high-fat diet diabetic group; for normal chew group rats were lavaged with the same volume of distilled water. Rats were studied for four successive weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fasting serum glucose was measured with glucose oxidase method; insulin by magnetic separation enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; triglyceride and total cholesterol levels by enzymic enzymatic method; ISI was calculated as [1/(fasting serum glucose × fasting insulin)]; resistin mRNA expression in greater omental adipose tissue was examined by RT-PCR; correlation between resistin gene and ISI analyzed by Spearman correlation and multivariate stepwise regression.RESULTS: Fifteen high-fat diet rats and eight normal chew rats were included in the final analysis. Resistin gene expression in the greater omental adipose tissue (A value) was 0.27±0.031 in the high-fat diet diabetic group (0.15±0.018) in the normal chew group, and (0.20±0.024) in rosiglitazone group (P < 0.01). Spearman correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that resistin gene expression was positively correlated with fasting serum glucose (r=0.271, P < 0.01), fasting insulin (r=0.283, P < 0.01), and ISI (r =0.323, P < 0.01), apparent effects of resistin gene expression on ISI was 0.081.CONCLUSION: High-fat diet and diabetes increases resistin gene expression and rosiglitazone ameliorate its expression.The expression of resistin is correlated with ISI.

Adiponectin is one of the adipocytokines that are derived from adipose tissue. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and insulin-sensitizing effects. Its receptors AdipoR1 and (AdipoR2) mediate the function of adiponectin. Recent researches show that AdipoR1 is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscles, whereas AdipoR2 is predominantly expressed in the liver. Both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are found to be expressed in human and rat pancreatic ? cells and the expression levels are similar to those in liver and higher than those in muscles; AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 can also be found in monocytes and macrophages. GH and agonists of PPAR-?, PPAR-? and LXR also affect the exprssion and regulation of adiponectin receptors.

Objective To investigate the correlative factors for osteoporosis among senile patients with multiple cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 206 patients were divided into osteoporosis (OP) group and non-osteoporosis (non-OP) group according to the diagnosis standards of osteoporosis.The general data were recorded.Clinical history of all kinds of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus were detected.Serum levels of hemoglobin (Hb),glucose (Glu),glucosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),total serum protein (TP),albumin (ALB),BUN,creatinine (Cr),calcium (Ca),phosphonium (P),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected.Dual-energy Xray absorptiometry was used to detect the bone mineral density (BMD) of bilateral femoral neck and lumbar spine.The related factors of BMD were analyzed.Results The morbidity of osteoporosis was much higher in elderly females than in elderly males (58.7％ vs.38.6％).The osteoporosis patients were older than non-osteoporosis patients in both males and females,although there was no significant difference.The body mass index (BMI) of both gender was much lower in osteoporosis group than in non-osteoporosis group (P＜0.05).In male patients,BMD was positively correlated with BMI significantly (P＜0.01).In female patients,TC and LDL C were higher in OP group than in non-OP group (P＜0.05).In female patients,BMD was positively correlated with BMI,and negatively correlated with TC and LDL-C.Logistic regression analysis showed that the lower BMI was an independent risk factor for osteoporosis in male patients; BMI and TC were independent risk factors for osteoporosis in female patients.Conclusions In both male and female,senile patients with lower BMI,multiple cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus have higher risks for osteoporosis.In senile female patients,TC may be correlated with BMD.TC should be reduced to decrease the risks of cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosisin senile females.

Enterostomy are a common surgical procedure in the treatment of rectal cancer, has more than 100000 each year in our country requires enterostomy patients, whereas patients with postoperative rehabilitation and nursing leave the family caregivers, the study found that with baseline levels of care for people, and increased mortality 63% of caregivers within five years, attaches great importance to the caregivers of patients with life can avoid the occurrence of another patient, at the same time also can improve the quality of family care, reduce the demand for medical and waste. Therefore, this article will from the permanent patients underwent colostomy care burden of family caregivers, health education needs, psychological burden to understand colostomy caregivers are faced with the problem of our country, explore the mental and physical health of the caregivers related factors, provide the basis for effective follow disease intervention.

Animal experiment is one of the most important method in life science research. In this article,factors affecting the results of animal experiment were summarized,which include laboratory animal,environment,nutrition,chemicals,isolation and feeding density,transportation,grasping and fixing,microbiology,society and people etc.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in China. MethodsThe reported articles about clinical analysis of patients with PBC in China were searched. The quality of included studies was critically evaluated. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 4.2 software about controlled trials. Results① Ninety-one literatures including 2315 patients wuth PBC were included. ②The common symptoms in PBC were fatigue (54.54％). AMA was found in 74.1％～100％ of patients with PBC, as well as the prevalence rate of anti-M2 range from 45％ to 83％. ANA antibodies present in 20％～83.78％ of patients, the most common antinuclear patterns were nuclear-envelope(38.65％).Increased levels of IgM [(2.8±0.7)～(7.3±5.1) g/L], IgG [(16.5±4.9)～(20.5±5.9) g/L] were found in these patients, and the most common liver histologic classification was type Ⅱ (36.6％). Sjogren's syndrome occured significantly more frequently in PBC (1.96％～34.61％). To the end of follow-up period (five months to nintysix months ), 3.80％ of patients were dead. ③ Meta-analysis performed in several case control studies, showed no significant differences was found in liver tests including of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotrans ferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), or gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), IgG levels between AMA positive groups and AMA negative groups. However, lower levels of IgM presented in the latter. While it also showed that levels of ALP decreased after ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)therapy. The levels of TBil were lower in the elderly than in younger group, but the mortality ratio for liver diseases was higher in the former. ConclusionThe clinical characteristics of the present series in China are mostly similar to those reported in other countries. Because of the low quality and the small number of included studies, larger sample-size, randomized, double-blinded controlled trials are needed.

AIM: To study the expressions and significance of stem cell factor(SCF) and tyrosine kinase receptor(KIT) in neurons after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.METHODS: Western blotting was used to examine the expression of SCF and KIT in the cortex after cerebral ischemia and oxygen glucose deprivation(OGD) neurons,then the OGD neurons preincubated with SCF and SCF-Ab were assessed the cell viability by MTT to determine its significance.RESULTS: ①Compared to control group,the expressions of M-SCF and S-SCF in cortex increased markedly while KIT decreased significantly in ipsilateral hemisphere.However,no obvious change in the contraleteral hemisphere was observed.②Compared to control group,the levels of S-SCF and M-SCF were increased significantly in the OGD neurons while KIT was not obvious changed.③The cell viability of OGD neurons decreased significantly.Preincubation with SCF inhibited cell damage while SCF-Ab deteriorated OGD injury.CONCLUSION: The expression of SCF may be induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion,which can protect the neurons from ischemia injury.

In China,Chinese herbs have been used to promote health status and prevent diseases for a long history.Most of the herbs are administered orally,then metabolized and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.After they enter gastrointestinal tract,the herbs meet gastrointestinal bacteria and exert effects on microbial community,resulting in affecting the health status of animals.This paper summarized the effects of Chinese herbs on gastrointestinal bacteria.

It has been indicated that the oncogene and anti-oncogene are closely related to the development and progression of cancer.With the development of molecular biology,detection of oncogene and anti-oncogene has become an important approach for clinical warning and diagnosing of cancer.Since the establishment of the molecular model of colon cancer by Fearon and Vogelstein in 1990,the genetics of colorectal cancer has gained major advances in early diagnosis.Early detection of related gene mutations is helpful for the early warning of colorectal cancer,especially for palients with hereditary cancer(the detection rate is fairly high).This review summarizes the progression of study on biomarkers of colorectal cancer.