OBJECTIVE:To Study the cost-effectiveness among3therapeutical schemes in the treatment of Graves ophthalmopathy.METHODS:A total of94cases with Graves ophthalmopathy were randomized into3groups,Group A was assigned to receive medrat,Group B to receive dexamethasone and Group C to receive prednisone,the outcomes were evaluated in terms of the cost-effectiveness analysis.RESULTS:The costs for Group A,B and C were2956.76yuan,2059.42yuan and31.09yuan,respectively.The total effective rates were93.94%,93.75%and51.72%,respectively.The cost-effec-tiveness ratios were31.47yuan,21.97yuan and0.60yuan,respectively.The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of Group A and B were69.30yuan and48.26yuan,respectively as against Group C.CONCLUSION:In terms of pharmacoeconomics,Group B is comparatively the best option in treating Graves ophthalmopathy.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM),also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is classified as an autoimmune disease.Academia currently define it as one of the important autoimmune diseases(IAIDs).The most significant pathophysiological characteristics of T1DM are the pathological humoral and cellular autoimmune response which results in damage to pancreaticβ-cell and absolute reduction insulin.Thus, the mainstream traditional therapy for T1DM has been to chronically replenish insulin or substitutes.Nevertheless, this approach may generate a number of side effects, especially hypoglycemia reaction, hypoglycemic coma and insulin resistance.In recent years, the clinical use of methotrex-ate(MTX) as an immunity inhibitor or regulator aiming at pathogenesis of T1DM has received increasing attention and will become another significant case where an old drug is used for new purposes.The advances in research on MTX in T1DM are discussed in this paper.

Humans ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; Research ; trends

Objective To study the antibacterial constituents in the fermentation broth of marine actinomyces N331.Methods The antibacterial components were isolated and purified from the fermentation broth of strain N331 by absorption with macroporous resin and silica gel column chromatography,their physiochemical characteristics and bioactivities were preliminarily investigated.Results A crystal ingredient with bioactivities was isolated from the fermentation broth and it was identified as alkaloids which was composed of several compounds with approximate polarity,and its the minimum inhibitory concentration against sensitive and drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 4?g?mL-1,and its half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) was 2.0,3.0?g?mL-1 respectively against KB and lung cancer A549 cells,which was equivalent to cisplatin.Conclusion Marine actinomyces N331 can produce the alkaloidal substances with strong antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity.

Sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) refers to the percentage of DNA strand breaks in the total sperm. Many studies suggest that elevated DFI can lead to male infertility and early spontaneous abortion. High-DFI patients are more likely to fail in assisted reproduction and preliminary treatment or prevention methods have been developed for this population. This review focuses on the impact of DFI on clinical pregnancy outcomes and progress in the studies of its treatment.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Chromatin ; DNA Fragmentation ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatozoa

Guizhi Fuling Capsule (GZFL), composed of Cassia Twig, Pachyma Cocos, Cortex Moutan, Radices Paeoniae Alba, and Peach Kernel, is a compound Chinese medicine preparation refined by modern technology. Modern pharmacology study shows that GZFL has pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitumor, smooth muscle relaxing, endocrine adjusting, and immunity enhancing activities. GZFL can be used in treatment of gynecological disease such as uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, dysmenorrheal, and endometriosis in clinic, and it can be also used for the treatment of varicocele, hyperplasia of prostate, stroke, and carotid atherosclerosis. The phase II clinical trials of GZFL in treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in the United States of America have already finished. This paper makes a systematic review of the pharmacological activities and clinical applications of GZFL in recent years, in order to provide reference for its further development and utilization.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of bacterial infection and drug sensitivity after liver transplantation so as to provide reference to effective clinical therapy. METHODS: A retrospective survey of 113 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation was carried out. RESULTS: The reported total incidence of bacterial infection after liver transplantation was 45.1%, while the verified incidence was 28.3%. The major bacterials were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecom. Multidrug-resistant was observed. CONCLUSION: It is very important to prevent bacterial infection and use antibiotic rationaly. Selection of effective antibiotics according to etiologic data and resistance of bacterial can help prevent the occurance of drug resistant strains.

Objective: To review the problems existing in the development and application of current electroacupuncture (EA) apparatuses, and provide reference for the development of EA apparatuses. Methods: Related literatures about EA apparatus were derived from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang) and Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP) between 2013 and 2017. Literatures about the development of EA apparatuses and the application for experimental research and clinical treatment published in Chinese journals were retrieved, and the development and application of EA apparatuses were summarized. Results: Among the 107 selected literatures, 48 types of EA apparatuses were used, of which only 11 models could be found in the registration list and within the validity period. There was no registration information for the EA apparatus newly developed in the past 5 years. The EA parameters used in experimental research and clinical treatment in Chinese medicine were different, and the combination of stimulation parameters was diverse. Conclusion: At present, most of the new EA products are still in the experimental or research stage, and the transformation of results has not yet been achieved. Moreover, there is no unified standard for the use of EA apparatus and its stimulation parameters in experimental research and clinical treatment, which is not conducive to the standardization process of EA stimulation.

Objective To find out the incidence tendency and characteristics of bladder tumors during the past 28 yesrs in our institution. Methods The data from 1980 to 2007 were divided into three stages:1980-1989,1990-1999和2000-2007.Microsoft excel and SPSSl3.O were used to analyze the sex,age and histological types. Results There were 2350 cases of bladder tumors in 28 years.There were 92(66 males,26 females)cases of benign tumors and 2258(1788 males,470 females)malignant tumors,the incidence in male was 3.8 times higher than that in female.The cases of bladder malignant tumors increased,and the female increased faster than male.The peak age of incidence changed from 50-69 in 1980-1989 to 60-79 in 2000-2007.The average age of squamous cell carcinomas was 68 years,which was the oldest;and the average of paraganglioma was 35,which was the youngest.The age of urinary bladder carcinoma in 1980-1989,1990-1999 and 2000-2007 were significantly different(male:57.5±11. 7,62.6±12.3,65.9±11.3;female:58.7±13.6,60.75±12.1,65.85±12.0,respectively,P<0.05).In male,the age of squamous cell carcinomas was significantly different from the age of urothelial cell carcinomas and adenocarnomas(68.0±9.7 vs 59.85±14.1 and 63.4±9.9,respectively,P<0.05).Inverted papillomas were the most common bladder benign tumors;urothelial cell carcinomas were the most common bladder malignant tumors,and adenocarcinomas were the second,squamous cell carcinomas were the third. Conclusion The incidence of bladder malignant carcinomas in our institution increased and the female increased more quickly than male.

Objective To observe the application effect of layered cooperation teaching in clinical teaching in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods The master graduate students who practiced in ICU of Fangcun branch of Guangzhou Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine form September 2013 to July 2014 were divided into two groups according to the rotation cycle.Diagnostic test was conducted to all the above students.The new teaching group (21 people) was determined according to the diagnostic test results and students' majoring to frm study group and the layered cooperation teaching was adopted,while the traditional teaching was used in the traditional clinical education group (19 cases).In the end of the rotation training,a theoretical examination was conducted among the two groups of students,and the questionnaire of teachers' teaching quality was issued.The related data were processed by SPSS 17.0,and the data between groups were compared by t test.Results The examination result in the layered cooperation teaching group (78.35 ± 3.13) were better than those in the traditional clinical education group (70.21 ± 4.58) and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.041).Survey results showed that the new teaching group students' evaluation to teaching content,teaching methods and teaching effectiveness was higher than traditional teaching group,and the score difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion The layered cooperation teaching in the clinical teaching in intensive care unit (ICU) to mobilize the students' subjective initiative,so that students of different knowledge structure can be integrated into the clinical practice of ICU,and enhance their ability of clinical analysis of ICU disease.