Congenital cataract accounts for 10％ of childhood blindness worldwide and is the second leading cause of childhood blindness in China.30％-50％ of congenital cataract patients are caused by heritability,and majority of them is autosomal dominant traits.In addition,autosomal recessive and X-linked fashion also are found to lead to congenital cataract.Up to now,more than 20 disease-causing genes and 100 mutation locus have been mapped to different chromosomal locations in the human genome using genetic linkage methods.The cataract-associated genes were classified as four categories,including crystallin gene,membrane protein gene,transcription factor regulatory gene and others,and they induce different phenotypes of cataract by different molecular mechanisms.To understand the disease-causing genes and their mechanism is helpful for the genetic diagnosis and treatment of congenital cataract.The current researching progress in molecular genetics of cataract is summarized in this review.

Objective To discuss the relationship between the incidence of lymph node metastasis and tumor size in patients with non small cell lung cancer,and to provide evidence for clinical operation and follow -up treat-ment.Methods 180 patients with non small cell lung cancer who were hospitalized and recieived Lobectomy opera-tion were selected,the clinical data of patients and resection of tumor size,lymph node metastasis were retrospectively analyzed,and then the relationship between the lymph node metastasis and tumor volume was investigated.Results 180 cases of patients with lymph node metastasis rate was 37.20%,in which hilar lymph node metastasis rate was 11.02 percent and mediastinal lymph node metastasis rate was 10.95%.Lung lymph node metastasis rates in lymph node metastasis,hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastasis of T1a were 13.21%,15.09% and 13.21%;those of T1b period were 38.09%,35.71% and 28.57%;of T2a period were 44.44%,37.78% and 31.11%;of T2b period were 64.26%,57.14% and 53.57%;and those of T3 period were 58.33%,66.67% and41.67%.Lymph node metastasis,hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastasis in lung lymph nodes transfer rate with patients of T1a had significantly differences compared with patients of T1b,T2a,T2b and T3 stage.(χ2 =5.363,6.175,4.372,8.778, 5.363,9.631,7.936,9.631,20.463,7.521,6.175,4.387,all P <0.05).Hilar lymph node metastasis and lung metastases of T1b and T2b had a significant difference (χ2 =12.353,4.585,all P <0.05).Conclusion For non -small cell lung cancer,tumor size is positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and the greater the tumor size, the greater the likelihood of lymph node metastasis.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN),characterized pathologically by deposition of IgA complexes in the glomerular mesangium,is the most common form of primary glomerulo-nephritis in children and adolescents and is considered to be one of the important cause of end-stage renal failure.Abnormal immune factors become the research hotspot in recent years,but the specific pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated.Toll-like receptors are a family of receptors,which have been evolutionarily conserved to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns.Toll-like receptors do not only play an important role in activation of innate immune,but also regulate acquired immune,which is a bridge connecting the natural immune and acquired immune.Studies have shown that Toll-like receptors plays an important role in the process of occurrence and development of IgAN.This paper reviews its biological characteristics and the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.

Objective To establish a better and easier method for producing resveratrol and soybean isoflavone from polydatin and genistin by microbic metabolic enzyme. Methods The fungal strain Aspergillus niger S was fermented with solid medium. The enzyme isolated from Aspergillus niger S was purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and column chromatography with Q sepharose fast flow and superdex G200. The purified enzyme could be used to transform both resveratrol and soybean isoflavone. An analytical method for all the transformed products was established by the improved RP-HPLC. The HPLC separation was performed using a C18 250mm?4.6mm column and a gradient elution program. The eluent was acetonitrile/0.1% acetic acid in a flow rate of 1ml/min. The wavelength for ultraviolet detection was 280nm. Results The molecular weight of the enzyme isolated from Aspergillus niger S was about 165 kD, which was quite different from other reported glucosidases. The optimal temperature for this enzyme was 50℃, and the enzymatic activity decreased when the temperature dropped below 40℃ or elevated over 60℃. The optimal pH values were 5-10, and the enzyme would lose its activity if the pH was below 4. It was revealed by improved RP-HPLC that the products were polydatin and genistin at 27min and 39min, respectively, before enzyme treatment, while the transformed products at 45min and 64min after the enzyme treatment were resveratrol and genistein, respectively. Conclusions This purified enzyme isolated from Aspergillus niger S can transform both resveratrol and soybean isoflavone from low active form to high active form. It is a convenient and accurate method for the determination of resveratrol and soybean isoflavone. This method may be very useful in industry as well as clinical experimentation.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of acute gangrenous cholecystitis in senile (patients), so as to decrease complications and lower the mortality rate. Methods The clinical data of 112 senile patients with acute gangrenous cholecystitis were retrospectived analysed.Results 19 cases(17.0%) of the 112 patients had hyperpyrexia, 8(7.1%) had icterus,11(17.0%) had a mass in the right upper abdomen, 26(23.2%) had symptoms of peritonitis; 11(9.8%) were complicated with acute edematous pancreatitis, 5(4.5%) had acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis, 6(5.4%) had septic shock. All of the 112 patients underwent surgery. At operation, 79 of 95 cases of acute calculous cholecystitis had (gangrene) of gallbladder,16(16.8%) had gangrene with perforation; in 17 cases with acute non-calculous cholecystitis had gangrene of gallbladder, 9(52.9%) had gangrene with perforation. Of the 112 patients, 86 underwent cholecystectomy, 18 underwent partial cholecystectomy, 5 underwent cholecystectomy with bile duct exploration and T tube drainage, and 3 underwent cholecystostomy 104 patients(92.9%) were cured, 8 patients(7.1%) died, and 9(8.7%) of the 104 cured patients had postoperative complications. (Conclusions) Acute gangrenous cholecystitis in senile patients should be definitely diagnosed as soon as (possible), co-existent diseases should be correctly treated, emergency operation should be performed with in 24 hours of onset of symptoms(or in the shortest time after admission), and a suitable operation should be (selected).

Only realizing part of work in fixed assets management department, hospital account of fixed assets management system is unable to integrate the equipment using,management and finance departments. While the bar code management system can merge three departments into one system and manage the fixed assets of hospital with consistency of accounts, card and equipment.

BACKGROUND: The nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA) biomaterials compounded with secondary phase or multiphase materials have been widely used in the domain of stomatology, and there have been several reports regarding the application of compounded NHA with composite resin. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the application progress of NHA in the domain of stomatology, and to prospect the potential significance of NHA in the stomatology materials. METHODS: Databases of Pubmed, EBSCOhost and China Journal Full-text were retrieved to screen out the articles. Inclusion crteria: ①The articles possess originality and dependable point and evidence. ②The articles have conclusive viewpoint and allround analyses. ③The agents of articles contact with this review closely.Exclusion criteria:repetition research and independent literatures with this review. And 24 literatures in accordance with the standard were selected in this study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Many clinical application and animal experiments indicate that NHA has been extensively used in the oral surgery, endodontic, implantation and the other aspects, with the deeply research for combination of NHA and composite resin, NHA hopefully displays greater effectiveness in the stomatology materials.

Objective To explore the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Test of Everyday Attention (TEA) in normal Chinese people. Methods 117 normal volunteers (18～65 years old) were screened with the Montreal Cognition Assessment (MoCA), and the normal volunteers were administered to TEA (versions A), Trail Making Test B (TMT-B), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), Stroop Color-Word Interference Test (SCWT), Continuous Performance Test (CPT). 20 normal volunteers were also given version B for testing of the test-retest reliability, time interval was 2 weeks between versions A and B. Results There was correlation between versions A and B in the major subtests (r>0.700, P<0.01) at a two-week interval. The varimax rotation principal-component analysis extracted 4 component factors, namely sustained attention, se lective attention, switching attention, and divided attention. The factors included various subtests of TEA and the other laboratory attentional test. Conclusion TEA has good reliability and validity.

Objective To test the impact of age, education and gender on the Chinese Version of the Test of Everyday Attention (TEA).Methods 117 normal volunteers were selected. They were grouped by age and education. After screening of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the volunteers were administered to the TEA (version A). Correlation analysis was performed between age and education with TEA. Comparisons between groups were tested in gender. Results There were significant correlations between most subtests with age except elevator counting, visual elevator counting (VE1) and lottery task. Education correlated with map search and elevator counting with reversal in the youth group. There were correlation between visual elevator (VE2) and telephone search while counting with education in the young and middle-aged group. Education related to map search, visual elevator (VE1, VE2), elevator counting with reversal, and telephone search in the middle-aged group. The subtests were not statistically different between different gender groups except telephone search. Conclusion Age and education had effect on TEA while Gender had no significant effect.

This review summarized the important theory of attention and summed the attention assessment Methods and applications during the recent 50 years. In the future the field of neurological rehabilitation research in attention and attention assessment had been discussed.