Objective To evaluate the right ventricular function using volumetric pulmonary artery catheter (VPAC) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) .Methods Thirty-two patients (18 males, 14 females) aged 45-63 yrs weighing 58-74 kg undergoing CABG were studied. Their cardiac functions were graded according to NYHA classification as Ⅰ or Ⅱ. Radial artery was cannulated before induction of anesthesia for BP monitoring. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.03-0.05 mg?kg-1, fentanyl 10-15 ?g?kg-1 and pipecuronium 0.1-0.15 mg?kg-1 and maintained with 1.0-1.5% isoflurane. The probe (7 MHz) of the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE, Sonos 2500, HP) was placed in esophagus after tracheal intubation for measurement of both right and left ventricular end-diastolic, end-systolic volume and ejection fraction (LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF, RVEDV, RVESV, RVEF). VPAC (type 774HF75, Edwards Life Science Co) was placed via right internal jugular vein for measurement of RVEDV, RVESV and RVEF. 6% HAES 10 ml?kg-1 was infused over 10 min. The cardiovascular parameters mentioned above were measured before and immediately after 6% HAES infusion using both TEE and VPAC, and compared.Results The RVEDV and RVESV (measured by TEE and VPAC) and LVEDV, LVESV (by TEE) were significantly increased after HAES infusion as compared with the baseline values (P

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate female sexual function after colpoperineoplasty. METHODS: Women who visited regional clinic for colpoperineoplasty from June. 2004-Aug. 2004. filled in FSFI (The Female Sexual Function Index) questionnarie before and 4 months after surgery. Six weeks after surgery, they start pelvic muscle training with HMT 2000 (Korea, electric stimulator). RESULTS: Frequency of coitus, sexual desire, arousal, lubrication and orgasm was increased after colpoperineoplasty. Percentage of patients who had coitus more than once a week increased from 18% to 63%. In sexual desire, about 18% felt sexual arousal more than or about half the time before surgery, but increased to 45% after surgery. In sexual arousal, percentage of who felt sexually aroused during more than half of sexual activity increased from 34% before surgery to 69% after surgery. In Lubrication, percentage of who became lubricated during more than half of sexual activity increased from 44% before surgery to 82% after surgery. Who reached orgasm more than half of sexual activity increased from 29% before surgery to 70%. CONCLUSION: Colpoperineoplasty increased female sexual activity.
Arousal ; Coitus ; Female* ; Humans ; Lubrication ; Orgasm ; Sexual Behavior

BACKGROUND: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract is used as a traditional herbal medicine. The efficacy of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract is known for antioxidative activity, antiinflammation effect, antibacterial effect, inhibitory effect of melanin synthesis, sun protection effect, antiallergy effect, and etc. OBJECTIVE: We confirmed the cell viability or inhibitory effect of melanin synthesis in HaCaT (human keratinocyte cell line) and B16F10 (murine melanoma cell line) cells and the skin safety test through a clinical test (dermal irritation study) for Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract, according to the extraction methods. METHODS: We checked the cell viability, using MTT assay and inhibitory effect of melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells or HaCaT cells for thirty one Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract, according to the extraction methods. Then, we evaluated the skin safety for selected eight Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract through a primary dermal irritation test. RESULTS: Among the thirty one Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts, according to the extraction methods, we selected eight Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts that were not detected with cell toxicity in HaCaT cells and B16F10 cells, and could have inhibited the melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells. The selected eight Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts identified the skin safety through a primary dermal irritation test. CONCLUSION: We expect clinical trials for whitening efficacy based on inhibitory effect of melanin synthesis and human skin safety for Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts.
Cell Survival ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Melanins ; Melanoma ; Scutellaria ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; Skin ; Solar System

Uterus didelphys with unilateral obstructed hemivagina is indeed a very rare congenital anomaly. Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis usually presents after menarche with progressive abdominal pain during menses secondary to hematocolpos. The method of choice for diagnosis is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI can do much for the early diagnosis and the prevention against further complications of this condition because it can demonstrate the mullerian duct anomaly complicated with obstructed hemivagina in detail and even ipsilateral renal agenesis. A greater awareness of the syndrome of uterus didelphys, obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis should lead to its prompt diagnosis, allowing for early and appropriate surgical intervention as well as decreased long-term morbidity. Early accurate diagnosis after menarche followed by excision and marsupialization of the blind hemivagina offers complete relief of symptoms and preserves reproductive potential. We report a case of uterine didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agensis with a brief review of the literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Hematocolpos ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Menarche ; Uterus*

OBJECTIVE: To identified whether serum Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) level may be used as a predictive marker of menopausal transition. METHODS: Serum MIS level was measured in reproductive women (n=87), in menopausal transition women (n=58), and in menopausal women (n=5) by ELISA. And we examined the immunohistochemical staining of the MIS in the ovarian tissues of 15 reproductive, 15 menopausal transition, and 5 menopausal women. RESULTS: 1. In the reproductive women, mean serum MIS level was 1.73+/-1.07 ng/ml. In the menopausal transition women, mean serum MIS level was 0.18+/-0.11 ng/ml. Serum MIS level did not show any significant fluctuation patterns according to follicular development. In menopausal transition women, serum MIS level was significantly lower than that of reproductive women (P<0.001). The cutoff value of serum MIS level for menopausal transition was 0.5 ng/mg. In the menopausal women, serum MIS level was not detected. 2. Serum MIS level was significantly decreased as patient age was increased. 3. In the reproductive group, the immunohistochemical staining demonstrated strong expression of MIS in the granulosa cells of the primary follicles and the growing follicles, but not in corpus luteum, preovulatory mature follicle, atretic follicle, and corpus luteum. In the menopausal transition women, immunohistochemical staining for MIS was observed in the nearly same pattern as that of thereproductive women, but with weaker expression. In the menopausal women, immunohistochemical staining of the MIS was not observed. CONCLUSION: MIS is a good candidate for predictive marker for ovarian aging and perimenopausal transition.
Aging ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone* ; Corpus Luteum ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Granulosa Cells ; Humans ; Ovarian Follicle

PURPOSE: To determine failure patterns and survival outcomes of T4N0-1 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with definitive radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-five patients with T4N0-1 NSCLC who received definitive radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy from May 2003 to October 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The standard radiotherapy scheme was 66 Gy in 30 fractions. The main concurrent chemotherapy regimen was 50 mg/m2 weekly paclitaxel combined with 20 mg/m2 cisplatin or AUC 2 carboplatin. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were failure patterns and toxicities. RESULTS: The median age was 64 years (range, 34 to 90 years). Eighty-eight percent of patients (n = 84) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1, and 42% (n = 40) experienced pretreatment weight loss. Sixty percent of patients (n = 57) had no metastatic regional lymph nodes. The median radiation dose was EQD2 67.1 Gy (range, 56.9 to 83.3 Gy). Seventy-one patients (75%) were treated with concurrent chemotherapy; of these, 13 were also administered neoadjuvant chemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 21 months (range, 1 to 102 months), 3-year OS was 44%. The 3-year cumulative incidences of local recurrence and distant recurrence were 48.8% and 36.3%, respectively. Pretreatment weight loss and combined chemotherapy were significant factors for OS. Acute esophagitis over grade 3 occurred in three patients and grade 3 chronic esophagitis occurred in one patient. There was no grade 3-4 radiation pneumonitis. CONCLUSION: Definitive radiotherapy for T4N0-1 NSCLC results in favorable survival with acceptable toxicity rates. Local recurrence is the major recurrence pattern. Intensity modulated radiotherapy and radio-sensitizing agents would be needed to improve local tumor control.
Area Under Curve ; Carboplatin ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Cisplatin ; Drug Therapy* ; Esophagitis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Paclitaxel ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Radiotherapy* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Weight Loss

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the usefulness of two- dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) in the identification and classification of Le Fort type fractures.

METHODSSixty-two patients with different types of Le Fort fractures underwent CT scanning and 3D-CT reconstruction. The data were analyzed by multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), surface shaded display (SSD) and volume rendering (VR) respectively.

RESULTSThe patients with Le Fort I, Le Fort II fracture and Le Fort III fracture accounted for 16.1%, 14.5% and 12.9% respectively. The compound fractures were the most common type and accounted for 56.5% (n=35, 18 cases with Le Fort I+II fracture, 10 cases with Le Fort II+III fracture and 7 cases with Le Fort I+ II+III fracture). Fifty-five cases coexisted with other fractures in maxillofacial region. 2D-CT could be used to define the tiny fractures and the deep-structure fractures more accurately compared with 3D-CT, but the real impression of Le Fort type fractures could not be correctly evaluated on 2D-CT. 3D-CT could clearly demonstrate the whole shape of Le Fort type fractures and identify the classification of Le Fort fractures.

CONCLUSIONS3D-CT is the best imaging method for the diagnosis of Le Fort type fractures and can provide valuable information of space relationship, especially for the design of treatment plan before operation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Facial Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Fractures ; classification ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

BACKGROUND: Although small cell lung cancer is a chemosensitive disease, it grows rapidly and relapses frequently. Even with optimum treatment, only small portion of patients have experienced long-term survival. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and therapeutic features, and to analyze the prognosis in small cell lung cancer. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively 151 evaluable patients with histologically confirmed small cell lung cancer from August 1989 to June 1995 at our institution. Of 151 patients, 3 had surgery and chemotherapy, 59 had chemotherapy and chest irradiation, and 89 had chemotherapy only. RESULTS: Most patients(82.1%) were men, and the median age was 62 years. Of all patients, 49% had performance status of 0,1 and 59.6% had limited disease. The overall response rate was 67.8% : complete response 23.8%, partial response 44.4%. Complete responses were documented in all of three patients who had surgery and chemotherapy, 49.2% of those who had chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and 4.5% of those who had chemotherapy only. The median follow-up duration was 309 days. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 256 days and 354 days, respectively: patients who had surgery and chemotherapy were 1631 days and 1631 days, those who had chemotherapy and radiotherapy were 344 days and 450 days, and those who had chemotherapy only were 186 days and 278 days, respectively; complete responders were 580 days and 710 days, partial responders were 231 days and 364 days, non-responders were 132 days and 151 days, respectively. Of 151 patients, 11.3% survived more than two years(long-term survival). Most long-term survivors had limited disease(82.4%) and good performance(76.5%). Long-term survival occurred in two patients of those who had surgery and chemotherapy, 16.9% of those who had chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and 5.6% of those who had chemotherapy only. Most long-term survivors(70.6%) had complete response. Twenty of 36 complete responders and 8 of 17 long-term survivors had disease relapses or progressions. Patients with limited disease, those with good performance, and those with normal alkaline phosphatase had a significantly higher complete response rate and longer progression-free survival and overall survival than their counterparts. Of pretreatment characteristics, stage and performance status were correlated complete response and survival, independently. complete response outcome was significant independent variable for survival. CONCLUSION: The disappointing results in this disease support the need for both new treatment strategies to improve complete response rate and to decrease relapse rate and large-scaled prospective studies to know natural history of long-term survivors.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Natural History ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma* ; Survivors ; Thorax

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the real-world clinical outcomes of consolidative durvalumab in patients with unresectable locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) and to explore the role of radiotherapy in the era of immunotherapy. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study assessed 171 patients with unresectable LA-NSCLC who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with or without consolidative durvalumab at Asan Medical Center between May 2018 and May 2021. Primary outcomes included freedom from locoregional failure (FFLRF), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: Durvalumab following CCRT demonstrated a prolonged median PFS of 20.9 months (p=0.048) and a 3-year FFLRF rate of 57.3% (p=0.008), compared to 13.7 months and 38.8%, respectively, with CCRT alone. Furthermore, the incidence of in-field recurrence was significantly greater in the CCRT-alone group compared to the durvalumab group (26.8% vs. 12.4%, p=0.027). While median OS was not reached with durvalumab, it was 35.4 months in patients receiving CCRT alone (p=0.010). Patients positive for programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression showed notably better outcomes, including FFLRF, DMFS, PFS, and OS. Adherence to PACIFIC trial eligibility criteria identified 100 patients (58.5%) as ineligible. The use of durvalumab demonstrated better survival regardless of eligibility criteria. Conclusion The use of durvalumab consolidation following CCRT significantly enhanced locoregional control and OS in patients with unresectable LA-NSCLC, especially in those with PD-L1–positive tumors, thereby validating the role of durvalumab in standard care.

OBJECTIVES: The poor survival rates among patients receiving surgery alone for stages II and III non-small cell lung cancer prompted several trials of adjuvant therapy after resection. We performed a prospective phase II study in patients with stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer after resection to evaluate the feasibility, activity and toxicity of the postoperative sequential MVP chemotherapy and radiotherapy. METHODS: Between February 1991 and May 1995, 60 patients with resected stage II, IIIA non-small cell lung cancer received 2 cycles of MVP combination chemotherapy (Mitomycin-C 6 mg/m2, Vinblastine 6 mg/m2, Cisplatin 60 mg/m2) within 3 weeks after surgery, followed by thoracic irradiation (5,040 cGy after complete resection and 900 cGy booster to microscopically positive resection margin at 1.8 Gy per fraction) within 3-4 weeks after chemotherapy. RESULTS: Forty nine men and 11 women with a median age of 60.5 years (range 33-81 years) were included. During the median follow-up period of 828 days (61-2,015 days), 25 patients had developed recurrence. Among the 25 failures, 3 were local relapse only and 20 were distant metastasis only and 2 had both local and distant sites of recurrence. Three-year overall survival and event-free survival were 43% and 37%, respectively. Neutropenia of grade I-II was observed only in 13 patients. Eleven patient showed grade I-II radiation pneumonitis and 32 had grade I-II radiation esophagitis. CONCLUSION: Postoperative sequential MVP chemotherapy and radiotherapy in resected stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer is well-tolerated and shows interesting activity.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Cisplatin* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy* ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Esophagitis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mitomycin* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neutropenia ; Prospective Studies ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Radiotherapy* ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate ; Vinblastine*