Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Renal ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Animals ; Catalysis ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Osseointegration ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Photochemical Processes ; Surface Properties ; radiation effects ; Time Factors ; Titanium ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; radiation effects ; Ultraviolet Rays

Patient′s expectation has been defined as the anticipation that given events were likely to occur during, or as an outcome of, health care. What people expect from their health care are potentially important in predicting patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction with their care, treatment and health outcomes. There was widespread recognition of the importance of evaluating services from consumer perspectives. In this article, domestic and foreign research in recent years, expectations status, significance and various influencing factors in relation to the expectations in processes of health care were summarized. Consumer evaluations of their health care are now an established component of quality assessment, planners need to understand the expectations underlying patients′views in order to interpret their feedback. Thus leading to improve patient satisfaction and the social evaluation of medical units.

Objective To investigate whether N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) signal pathway is involved in platelet-activating factor(PAF)-induced apoptosis in neurons.Methods Mice cortex neurons were treated by PAF in different dose for 24 hours or pretreated by a PAF receptor antagonist BN52021, an NMDA receptor antagonist MK801 and a nitric oxide synthase(NOS) inhibitor L-NAME for 30 min. Then the neurons were stained by propidium iodide(PI)/calcein AM and the images were taken by a digital camera on a fluorescent microscope. Neuron death ratio(%) was calculated. In the mean time, neuron NOS(nNOS) expression of the cells was detected by Western Blot method, as well as nNOS activity was measured by 3H radioimmunoassay.Results (1)Neuronal death increased after neurons were treated with 0.01, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 ?mol/L PAF 24 h. There were signifitantly changed in 0.3 ?mol/L and 0.6?mol/L comparing control. (2)PAF-induced neurotoxicity was prevented not only by BN5021, but also by MK-801 or L-NAME. (3)PAF enhanced nNOS expression and activity in neurons.Conclusion NMDA signal pathway is involved in platelet-activating factor-induced neurotoxicity.

Objective To investigate whether PSD 93 reduce neurotoxity induced by platelet activating factor (PAF) and study on the mechanism of cell molecularbiology.Methods PAF treated the cultural cortex neurons in wild type and PSD 93 knockout mice and the cells were stained with PI/Calcein AM for apoptosis; neuronal viability was measured by MTT. The expression of PSD93 and PSD95 protein in neurons was tested by Western Blot.Results PSD 93 and PSD 95 expressed in wild type neurons and only PSD 95 expressed in PSD 93 knockout. Cortex neuronal apoptosis in PSD 93 knockout mice was lower then that in wild type ( P

Aging as a global problem is intensifying with the development of economy; reducing the chronic diseases in the elderly and improving the life quality of the whole population are a study focus of medical researchers of today. The changes of cells, tissues, and organs in adults are not reversible to different extents. Fetal origin hypothesis believes malnutrition early in life is closely associated with the metabolic syndrome in adults, and if measures is taken at early stage of life, it may reduce or avoid a series of disease in adults. This paper reviews the association of malnutrition at early stage of life with metabolic syndrome (obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipemia) in adults.

Objective To investigate the possible roles of serum bilirubin and uric acid in the course of carotid artery intima thicken/plaque formation. Methods Patients with ischemic cerebral vascular disease were divided into the control group, intima thicken group and plaque formation group according to the carotid artery intimamedia thickness (IMT) examination by B-mode ultrasound. The serum bilirubin and uric acid were detected by Automatic Chemistry Analyzer. Results The serum level of uric acid of (391.22 ± 27.52) μmol/L in intima thicken group was significantly higher than that in the control group and plaque formation group((307.32 ± 13.68)μmol/L and (327.84 ± 17.96)μmol/L, P ＜ 0.05). The serum level of indirect bilirubin and total bilirubin in plaque formation group was (10.96 ± 0.58) μmol/L and (15.91 ± 0.71) μmol/L respecitively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group ((15.09 ± 2.21) μmol/L and (20.59 ± 2.43) μmol/L,respectively) and the intima thicken group((15.09 ± 2.21) μmol/L and (20.59 ± 2.43) μmol/L, respectively) (Psignificantly lower than that of (5.70 ± 0.28) μmol/L in the control group(P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Bilirubin and uric acid play different roles in carotid artery plaque formation during different stage.

Objective To explore the serum levels of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure (CHF) and its correlation with other common indexes,to provide reference for its clinical diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Methods Two hundred patients with acute exacerbation of CHF were selected as CHF group,and 100 matched healthy volunteers were selected as control group.Serum levels of GDF-15 and N-terminal pronatriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were detected,and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVESD),left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD),and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by echocardiography within 2 hours after admitted to hospital,and after the symptoms improved of CHF group,and on health examination day of control group.Patients in CHF group were followed up to record CHF related adverse events.Correlations between GDF-15 and other indicators were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis,and the clinical value of serum GDF-15 on diagnosing CHF was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC).Results The serum levels of GDF-15 and NT-proBNP in each time-point of CHF group were all higher than those of control group (t =4.70 ～ 7.11,P ＜ 0.05 orP ＜ 0.01).The serum levels of GDF-15 and NT-proBNP had negative correlation with LVEF (r =-0.539,-0.572,P ＜ 0.01),and had positive correlation with LVESD,LVEDD,and NYHA cardiac functional grading (r =0.505 ～ 0.861,P ＜ 0.01).Serum GDF-15 had positive correlation with serum NT-proBNP (r =0.528,P ＜0.01).With the increase of serum GDF-15 level,CHF group's readmission (rate) and death (rate) were both increased (x2 =36.86,26.59,P ＜0.01).AUC of predicting readmission risk by serum GDF-15 was 0.822 (95％ CI:0.719 ～0.890,P ＜0.01),and the best predictive cutoff point was 2 876.30 ng/L (sensitivity was 91.86％,specificity was 73.27％).AUC of predicting mortality risk was 0.816 (95％ CI:0.715 ～ 0.885,P ＜ 0.01),and the best predictive cutoff point was 3 487.05 ng/L (sensitivity was 91.72％,specificity was 69.05％).Conclusions Serum GDF-15 level in patients with acute exacerbation of CHF is higher,decreases with symptoms improvement,has positive correlation with LVESD,LVEDD,and NYHA cardiac functional grading,and has negative correlation with LVEF,has higher sensitivity on predicting CHF-related adverse events,and the mechanism may be related to the activation of SMAD pathway.Therefore,it may be a promising biomarker for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:The study focuses on the distinct distributions of γδT cells in various tissues and the changes after Sal-monella typhimurium infection,and attempts to explore the physiological significance of γδT cell distribution and the role of γδT cells in infectious diseases .Methods:Flow cytometry and PCR technique were used to detect the proportion of different γδ T cell subsets among thymus,spleen,lymph nodes,liver,skin,and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes .Flow cytometry was applied to detect the secretion of IFN-γand IL-17a.The changes of various γδT cell subsets in liver and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes were analyze after Slamonella typhimurium infection.Res ults: γδ T cells were rich in the intestinal epithelium , skin and liver, but poor in the thymus,spleen and lymph nodes .The distribution of different subsets was quite dissimilar .Vγ5+γδT cells chiefly existed in skin ,and Vγ1+,Vγ4+,Vγ7+γδ T cells largely existed in small intestine.γδ T cells in liver mainly secreted IL-17a;however,γδ T cells in intestinal intraepithelial secreted IFN-γ.After infection by Salmonella typhimurium , the proportion of γδ T cells in intestinal intraepithelial increased significantly ,particularly Vγ1 +γδT cells.In Liver,there was no significant change of total γδT cell ratio,but the ratio of Vγ1 +γδT cells reduced ,Vγ4 +γδT cells raised.Conclusi on:γδT cells are rich in the intestinal epithelium ,skin and liv-er.The distribution of different subgroups has specificity .There are large differences in the ability of cytokine secretion among various subgroups of γδT cells.The distribution of γδT cell subgroups in small intestine and liver changes during Salmonella typhimurium in-fection.

Aortic dissection is a common disease which is very dangerous,with high mortality rate.Bypass graft for the treatment of DeBakey Ⅲ dissection has outstanding advantages than the ordinary replacement of thoracic aorta,and some patients will inevitably require the use of the procedure.The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of the subclavian artery-abdominal aorta bypass graft on hemodynamic parameters in the false lumen and the effectiveness of surgical treatment.First of all,the idealized three-dimensional geometric models of DeBakey Ⅲ aortic dissection and its subclavian artery-abdominal aorta bypass graft operation were constructed,respectively.Then the models were imported into ANSYS 11.0 for finite element analysis.Results of numerical simulation showed that both velocity and pressure of the blood flow were reduced after bypass graft at the entrance and in the internal sac of false lumen,which is very favorable for reducing the impact of blood flow on false lumen,slowing down the further expansion of entrance,preventing the breakdown of false lumen,and promoting the healing of dissection.Therefore,the subclavian artery-abdominal aorta bypass graft operation is an effective surgical method for the treatment of DeBakey Ⅲ aortic dissection in some particular cases.This operation is with great prospects for clinical application.