The development of membrane separation technology in antibioti cs extraction was presented. The application of high performance capillary electr ophoresis, aqueous two-phase system and reverse micelles extraction were also b riefly introduced. Besides, the foreground of these modern separation technolog ies was discussed.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the bitewing radiograph(BWR),clinic examination(CE) and laser fluorescence examination (LF) for detection of initial posterior approximal caries . Methods:A total of 162 approximal surfaces from 81 extracted posterior teeth were examined by BWR, CE and LF. The histological diagnosis of sectioned teeth was used as the validating criterion (gold standard) to assess the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and reproducibility. Results: The sensitivity and accuracy of BWR was higher than those of CE or LF at the level of enamel caries. Conclusions: BWR is an accurate diagnostic method for initial posterior approximal caries in present clinic practice. The inferior efficacy of LF is mainly due to its poor reproducibility of approximal surfaces.

Objective To compare the analgesia and side-effects of different concentrations of sufentanil combined with 0.125% ropivacaine for postoperative epidural analgesia after general thoracic surgery.Methods Thirty-six ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients (25 males, 11 females) ages 21-64 yrs weighing 42-79 kg undergoing elective general thoracic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with 0.125% ropivacaine combined with sufentanil 0.4 (group A, n = 12) , 0.5 (group B, n = 12) or 0.6 ?g?ml-1 (group C, n = 12) . Epidural catheter was placed at T7,8 or T8,9 interspace. The PCEA pump was set up with back ground infusion of 2 ml?h-1 , a3ml bolus dose and a 30-min lock-out period. VAS scores was used to assess analgesia at rest and during movement. The total bolus doses, PCEA button pressing times (effective/actual), vital signs including MAP, HR, respiratory rate, SpO2 and side effects (nausea, vomiting, pruritus and dyspnea) were recorded. Results During the 48 hours after operation the VAS scores in group C were significantly lower than those in group A and B ( P

OBJECTIVE:To determine the concentration of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in human plasma by LC/MS. METHODS:The separation of sample was performed on Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 with diphenhydramine used as the internal standard.The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol-water(10mmol?L-1 NH4Ac plus 0.1% acetic acid)(55∶45) with a flow rate of 0.2mL?min-1.The column temperature was set at 30℃.The atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry(APCI-MS) were adopted with pseudoephedrine m/z =166.1 and diphenhydramine m/z =242.3.RESULTS:The linear concentration range for pseudoephedrine was 3.2～408.96ng?mL-1(r=0.999 0) with lowest detection limit at 3.2ng?mL-1.The average recovery was 98.21% with both the intra-day RSD and the inter-day RSD at less than 13%.The stability of pseudoephedrine was stable.CONCLUSION:The method is of high sensibility and accuracy,and it can be used for blood concentration monitoring pharmacokinetic study of pseudoephedrine.

Objective To examine the inhibitory effect of Chinese herbal Compound Dongju on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide(4NQO)-induced tongue carcinogenesis in rats. Methods A total of 85 Wistar rats were divided into four groups: model group(n=35),administration group(n=35),normal control group(n=5) and herb control group(n=10).4NQO dissolved in drinking water was administered orally to induce tongue carcinogenesis in rats.The herb compound was injected into the stomach of the rats during oral carcinogenesis.Rats were sacrificed at 9,13,20,24 and 32 weeks from the beginning of the experiment.The tongues of the rats were dissected for gross and histological assessment,and SP immunohistochemical method was also employed to detect the expression of cyclin D1 in the specimens. Results Compared with the model group,the incidence of dysplasia and the positive rate of cyclin D1 were suppressed by Compound Dongju(P

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,pathogen distribution and outcome of lower respiratory tract fungal infection in patients with mechanical ventilation in emergency intensive care unit(EICU). Methods The clinical data of patients with lower respiratory tract fungal infection treated with mechanical ventilation in EICU were retrospectively analysed. Results Eighty(64.5%) of the 124 patients with mechanical ventilation experienced lower respiratory tract infection,among whom 21(26.2%) were complicated with fungal infection.The predominant pathogen was Candida(Candida albicans,n=11;Candida tropicalis,n=5;Candida smooth,n=3;Candida parapsilosis,n=2).Compared with patients with non-fungal infection(n=59),those with fungal infection(n=21) had higher APACHE II score,longer mechanical ventilation time and longer ICU stay duration(P

Biomarkers, Tumor ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; chemistry ; genetics ; Precancerous Conditions ; chemistry ; genetics

Objective To develop a system achieving automated real-time tracking and localizing of tumor center in radiotherapy. Methods High-accuracy infrared tracking cameras' coordinate system was calibrated with the treatment machine. A kind of passive marker was introduced, which can be imaged by computed tomography and can be localized by the infrared cameras during radiotherapy. Several markers on the surface of the thermal-shaped film were fixed, and then the real-time co-ordinates of the markers was compared with those obtained from the computed tomography. With subsequent space registration, the position biases could be shown finally, which could help achieving the real-time tracking and localizing of the tumor center. Results With infrared tracking cameras and appropriate software, the system can achieve automated and real-time localization in radiotherapy. Conclusion The system is more automated, accurate and speedy than the traditional localization method.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression differences of seven cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms between L02, LX-2 and HepG2 cells and identify the most suitable cell type for different CYP researches. METHODS L02, LX-2 and HepG2 cells were treated with omeprazole (Ome), dexamethasone(Dex), phenobarbital sodium (Phe), isoniazid (Iso) and rifampicin (Rif) at 5, 10, 20 and 40 μmol • L-1. Cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. The gene expressions of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 in LX-2 cells were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The protein expressions of these seven CYP isoforms in L02, LX-2 and HepG2 cells were assessed by Western blotting. Furthermore, CYP3A4 activity in the three types of cells treated with Rif 5, 10, 20 and 40 μmol • L-1 for 24 h was validated by Luciferin-PFBE. RESULTS Cell viabilities of all the three hepatocytes were over 80% when exposed to Ome, Dex, Phe, Iso and Rif (≤40 μmol • L-1) for 24 h. According to the RT-qPCR, Phe could significantly enhance the gene expressions of CYP2B6 (P<0.05) and CYP2D6 (P<0.01) in LX-2 cells. The results of Western blotting exhibited protein expression differences of seven CYP isoforms between L02, LX-2 and HepG2 cells treated with Ome, Dex, Phe, Iso and Rif (≤40 μmol-L-1) for 24 h. CYP2C9 [Integrated absorbance (IA)=1.58±0.07], CYP2C19 (IA= 0.95±0.03) and CYP3A4 (IA=1.29±0.05) had higher expression abundances in L02 cells, CYP2B6 (IA= 1.48±0.01) and CYP2D6 (IA=1.46±0.02) in LX-2 cells, and CYP1A2 (IA=1.62±0.19) and CYP2E1 (IA= 1.49±0.10) in HepG2 cells. Additionally, CYP3A4 activity in L02, LX-2 and HepG2 cells could not be up-regulated by Rif. CONCLUSION The most suitable cell type for different CYP researches is L02 for CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, LX-2 for CYP2B6 and CYP2D6, HepG2 for CYP1A2 and CYP2E1, respectively.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of related substances in Lovastatin tablet. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Waters XTerra? MS C18 with mobile phase A of 0.01%Phosphoric acid solution and B of acetonitrile(gradient elution)at a flow rate 1.0 ml/min,column temperature was 40 ℃,the detection wavelength was 238 nm,and the injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The impurity components were well separated in principal components;the linear range of lovastatin was 17.5-700 μg/ml(r=0.9999);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 1%;recov-ery was 99.30%-100.67%(RSD=0.4%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is reproducible with good durability and high preci-sion,and can be used for the quality control of Lovastatin tablet.