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Humans ; Quality of Life* ; Self Care*

Invasive fungal infection(IFI) is becoming increasingly important issue in pediatrics and pediatric intensive care unit. IFI often occurs in newborns and children with immune dysfunction. Candida and Aspergillus spp. are the most commonly isolated organisms. Early diagnosis can improve the prognosis of IFI. The 1,3-β-D-glucan(G)test,galatomannan antigen(GM)test and PCR test can aid earlier dignosis for IFI in high-risk children.

Severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is indicated as severe clinical symptoms,long course of disease,many extrapulmonary complications and the response to conventional therapy is poor.Its incidence has been increasing day by day,the inefficiency of host resistance to m ycoplasma pneumoniae,disorders of immune response and pathogenic immune escape are suggested to play critical roles in the immune mechanism of severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.This paper summarizes the progress of immunopathogenesis of severe pneumoiae pneumonia in children.

Objective To analyze the situation of the intellectual development of children between 0 to 18months.Methods Using Denver Developmental Screening Test(DDST),1 064 children aged between 0 to 18 months in four items:their indicidual and social reaction ability,subject-touching reaction ability of fingers,and speaking ability as well as movement ability were tested,each itern had 2 kinds of tests and here only need to test one kind which is shown on the left part of DDST.Every example need to understand the pregnancy history,family history,birth of children,past history,parents'jobs and education level.The measured results were calculmed,about the ages of which 50%examlnation could pass in each test itern and 90%could pass,and compared with tested children in Denver.Results The passing rate of same item would be increased as age increases.the passing rate would be different between different test items in the sslne age,and the more difficult the item,the lower the passing rate.The common trend of children's intellectual development Was in accordance with that of Denver children,whereas there were age differences that pass certain items.Conclusion As a screening way of infants'intellectual tests,DDST had universal significance.Lacking scientific education was an important cause of mental retardation in children.

“Hygiene hypothesis” may be the reason for the increased incidence of childhood asthma in recent years.A large number of clinical studies indicate that,probiotics,which play a positive role in the digestive system diseases,can prevent and treat children atopic dermatitis as well as food allergies,but the conclusions of prevention and treatment of asthma have been inconsistent.More and more of the animal experiments show that probiotics have benefical effects in the prevention or therapy of asthma,its mechanism is still in the exploration,probiotics such as lactobacillus will provide a new clinical thought for the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma in the future.

Objective:To explore the effect of aspirin(ASA) on the apoptosis of human myeloid leukemia cell in vitro and its mechanisms.Methods:Inhibition rate was tested by MTT method.Apoptosis induced by ASA in HL-60 cells was investigated by applying light microscopy,TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-end Labeling(TUNEL) and flow cytometry analysis techniques.RT-PCR method were used to examine mRNA expression.Results:2.5～10.0mmol/L ASA can induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in HL-60 cells,and increase the sensitivity of HL-60 cells to Ara-c.ASA down-regulated the level of c-myc mRNA.Conclusion:A certain dosage of ASA can suppress the proliferation and induce apoptosis of acute leukemia cells in a dose dependent manner.One of the mechanisms of ASA inducing apoptosis may be related to down-regulated expression of c-myc mRNA.

Objective:To investigate the profile of the distribution and drug resistances of clinic pathogenic microorganism isolated in 2005.Methods:The microorganisms were isolated from clinical samples according to the guides of standard operation protocol.Antibiotic sensitivity tests were done by the method of micro broth dilution tests and the values of the MIC were compared by the guides of American Clinical Laboratory Standard Institution.Results:In total 2352 isolated strains,most of them were Gram negative bacilli and mainly caused respiratory tract infection.The isolating rates for Candida spp and Enterococcus spp have increased dramatically compared with the results of 2004.The ten pathogens ranking top isolating rates were Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Candida albicans,Acinetobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterococcus faecalis,Candida tropicalis,Enterobacter cloacae,Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus haemolyticus respectively.The antibiotics exhibiting high activity against common gram-negative bacilli such as Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were imipenem,meraopenem,amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam.Vancomycin,teicoplanin and nitrofurantoin remained high activity against Enterococcus spp and Staphylococcus spp.Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were susceptible to amphotericin B,fluconazole,and itraconazole.Conclusion:The species of pathogens causing clinical infections and the profiles of their drug resistance have presented obvious variation,especially the pathogens that cause nosocomial infections exhibit high degree of resistance to the antibiotics that conventionally used in clinics.The surveillance of drug resistance is important in the guiding practice of clinical infection control.

CD163 is one of transmembrane glycoproteins expressed only in activated monocyte-macrophage cell membrane, which acts as a marker of activated macrophages. In sepsis, CD163 activates the intracellular signal transduction pathways in macrophages,regulates TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 expression, have antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects in the inflammatory process. Soluble CD163 (sCD163) is a soluble form of CD163 ,which could play anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects by inhibiting T cells proliferation and activation. Serum concentration of sCD163 may be highly increased when severe infection. Detection of serum sCD163 is helpful to diagnose sepsis,and to evaluate the prognosis of severe infection and sepsis.

This article analyses the basic theory, form, features and purpose of the college spoken English testing to be carried out throughout the country, and probes the corresponding teaching method in order to improve college spoken English teaching.