The incidence of nosocomial infections in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) is high. Nosocomial infections is one of the most common causes of neonatal death in critically ill neonates. Strategies for the prevention nosocomial infections include hand hygiene practices,prevention of central venous catheter-related infection and ventilator-associated pneumonias, antifungal prophylaxis, skin care, early enteral feeding and probioties. Effective prevention and control nosocomial infections in NICU may decrease neonatal mortality,hospitaliztion stay and hospital costs.This review focuses on the latest preventive strategies for nosocomial infections in NICU.

Objective To elucidate the effect of rehabilitation training on visual reaction times of children with brain injury. Methods Fifty-one children with brain injury recruited for the observation group were observed, 29 age-matched normal children served as the controlsubjects. All the children in both groups were tested in terms of the eye-hand visual reaction times(VRTs). All the patients were given rehabilitation treatment. Results Before rehabilitation treatment, the VRTs of the observation group were significantly slower than those of the control group (P0.05). Conclusion The attention and the motor speed were abnormal in children with brain injury, rehabilitation treatment can improve the reaction times significantly. The test of RTs could be of great importance in the evaluation of neurobehavior and therapeutic effect for children with brain injury, because of its easiness, sensitiveness and objectiveness in clinical application.

Objective To explore the clinical value of multi-slice CT in distinguishing between benign parotid tumors and malignant parotid tumors. Methods CT scanning images of 72 parotid tumor patients were analyzed. The location, shape, density, edge, cystic necrosis and degree of enhancement of the tumors were analyzed, de-gree of cervical lymph node swelling were analyzed, and all the analysis results were compared to pathological re-sults. Results 80 lesions were diagnosed in tumors, among which 59(73. 8%) lesions were benign tumors and 21 (26. 2%) lesions were malignant tumors. The CT images of benign tumors showed that 42(71. 2%) of them were located in the superficial lobe and with regular shape and uniform density;62.7% of them had clear edge;57 . 6%of them showed mild or moderate enhancement. 2 cases of benign tumors presented cervical lymph node swelling, which were proved to be pathological inflammatory mass after operation. Whereas in the CT images of malignant tumors 12( 57. 1%) of them were located in the deep lobe or in both of the superficial lobe and the deep lobe. 15 (71. 4%) of them had irregular shape and uneven density. 81% of them had unclear edge. 71. 4% of malignant tumors were significantly enhanced. 9 cases of malignant tumor were with cervical lymph node metastasis. There was statistical difference between the shape, edge, density, cystic necrosis, degree of enhancement and cervical lymph node metastasis of the two groups of tumors(P<0.05), while the location and the degree of enhancement of the two groups of tumors showed no statistical difference ( P>0.05 ) . Conclusion Most of benign and malignant parotid tumors can be correctly diagnosed by analyzing multi-slice CT images.

Objective To evaluate the immunological effect of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine and to prevent the immunization effect of low and no responders. Methods A total of 1,200 infants were selected from Yantai City, Shandong Province. All the infants were immunized for the first time after birth, and were inoculated with brewer's yeast hepatitis B vaccine 5μg. The venous blood of the infant was taken to separate the serum and the geometric mean concentration of anti-HBs in serum by using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Of which 128 cases were low, no response were immunized again: 71 cases were treated with brewer's yeast hepatitis B vaccine 5μg and 57 cases were inoculated with 10%Hansenula hepatitis B vaccine again and again, three times. The results of the re-immune were evaluated . Results There were 80 cases (62.5%) wtith normal response, 23 cases (17.9%) with high response, 22 cases (17.2%) with low response, 3 cases (2.3%) with no response The immunization response rate of HBsAg positive in fathers and mothers was significantly lower than that in county, city and above, and the fathers' mother HBsAg was negative. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of antibody transfection between the first and the third of the above two yeasts, but the geometric mean concentration of anti-HBs was significantly lower for both vaccines, and the brewer's yeast vaccine was significantly lower. Conclusion The immune response rate of hepatitis B vaccine in children with HBsAg-negative mothers at the county, municipal and above hospitals is relatively high. Compared with the brewer's yeast vaccine, the effect of the hepatitis B vaccine is obviously better .

ObjectiveTo observe the characteristic of reaction times (RTs) in the brain injury children.Methods65 children with brain injury, including 50 cerebral palsy (CP) cases, 13 brain trauma (BT) cases and 2 other cases, were selected as the experimental group, and 29 age-matched normal children as the control group. Children of two groups were tested by the eye-hand visual reaction times (VRTs), and children of the experimental group were also tested with Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence (WPPSI), Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC-R) and comprehensive function assessment.ResultsThe VRTs of the experimental group children was significantly slower than that of the control group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in VRTs test between CP and BT children (P>0.05). The motor time of VRTs of the severe subjects in the experimental group was significantly slower than that of moderate and light subjects (P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between VRTs and the scores of IQ, PIQ and the comprehensive function assessment.ConclusionThe attention and the motor speed of muscles are abnormal in children with brain injury.

This study aim to reveal the total pharmacokinetics of rhein and chrysophanol after oral administration of Quyu Qingre granules (QUQRG) in normal and acute blood stasis rabbits, to identify the pharmacokinetics differences between two groups of rabbits and to evaluate the applicability of the total statistical moment analysis. Based on the concentrations of rhein and chrysophanol in plasma determined by an established HPLC method, and the calculation of main total pharmacokinetic parameters, this study found that total pharmacokinetic parameters VRT, value of blood stasis group is lager than that of normal group and the difference is significant Compared with normal group, total pharmacokinetic parameters AUC,, MRT,, t1/2t, and Vt value of blood stasis group is lager, while the k, and CL, value is smaller. The findings indicated that the absorbed and released time of rhein and chrysophanol was accelerated and the total absorptive amount of these two compounds was increased in rabbits with acute blood stasis, compared with the normal rabbits. Total quantity statistical moment analysis can combine the pharmacokinetics of rhein and chrysophanol and express the pharmacokinetic behavior of these two compounds in QUQRG. The parameters in this paper can provide reference frames for the follow-up development of QUQRG.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Anthraquinones ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Blood Circulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Rabbits ; Statistics as Topic

Microbial lipases have been widely used in traditional industries,as well as in emerging biocatalysed areas owing to their ability to catalyze a variety of reactions in aqueous and non-aqueous media.Therefore,it is very important to enhance amount of lipase production by recombinant overexpression for meeting market demand.A critical review of main and novel strategies which have been employed for recombinant expression of microbial lipases are presented,including codon optimization,fusion and co-expression,dual expression system based on hybrid promoters,homologous overexpression,cell surface displaying and high-throughput screening based on gene library of expression.These new technologies are gradually coming to the forefront in the recombinant expression of lipase,especially for cell surface displaying and high-throughput screening based on gene library of expression.Meanwhile,several recombinant expressions for representative microbial lipases were also introduced and discussed,which are available for consultation when attempting to overexpress any lipases by scientists and industrialists.

Objective: To study the different inhibitory effects of capsule-depleted and wild type Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), so as to clarify the role of C. neoformans capsule. Methods: The infection process of HUVEC by C. neoformans and the cellular morphologic changes of HUVEC were observed by transmission eletron microscope (TEM). The cell inhibition rates were detected with CCK-8 kit at different phases. Results: TEM observation revealed different degrees of cell damages after co-cultured with the above 2 strains of C. neoformans, with the loose endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria, nuclei damage, and disarranged cell structure. The result of CCK-8 showed that there was no significant difference in the inhibition rates of HUVEC between the 2 groups 30 min after co-culture (P>O. 05). 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h after co-culture, the inhibition rate in capsule-depleted group was higher than that of the wild strain group(PO. 05). Conclusion: Capsule-depleted C. neoformans causes more significant endothelial cell injury than wild strain C. neoformans does, indicating that the capsule play an important role in C. neoformans-induced damage of endothelial cells.

Animals ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; physiology ; Mice ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Receptors, Interleukin-1 ; physiology