Objective To set up a method for determination of the trace amounts of aluminium(Ⅲ) in water samples. Methods Second derivative polarogaphy was used. Results In a solution of acetate buffer(HOAc-NH4OH, pH=5.8), Al(Ⅲ)reacted with Berllon Ⅲ to form a complex and a sensitive polarogaphic adsorptive wave appeared at -0.54 V(vs.SCE). By using the 2nd derivative polarogaphy measyrement, the wave height had a linear relationship with the concentration of Al(Ⅲ)in the range of 0.005-0.300 ?g/ml. The limit of detection was 3.0 ng/ml. RSDs were 5.4%-9.1%. Recovery rates were 92.7%-108.0%. Conclusion The present method is sensitive, accurate with high selectivity and can be applied to the determination of the trace amounts of Aluminium(Ⅲ) in water sample with satisfactory results.

Objective To know the TCM discipline development situation through analysis on TCM articles based on Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD) in recent years. Methods Articles about TCM in CSCD from January 2010 to December 2015 were searched by computers. The CSCD literature analysis system was used to conduct metrological analysis from the aspects of publishing time, source journals, cited information, authors, publishing organizations, research themes, and fund support. Results The number of articles published on CSCD was increasing year by year from January 2010 to December 2015. 85.09% of articles focused on the field of general medicine. There were more than 100 CSCD journals included in TCM professional articles. 17 journals published more than 100 TCM professional articles. WANG Yong-yan academician was the author who published the most articles (121 papers). Academic output H index of six authors was more than 5. 31.52% articles in CSCD were cited. Natural Science Foundation of China (including general and youth projects) funded the highest number of articles (12.2%), reaching 1716 articles. Conclusion Analysis on articles from CSCD can outline the development situation of TCM discipline in China. In recent years, the number of TCM articles is increasing; subject integration is good; high-level teams are forming gradually; TCM discipline is developing fast. However, the citation frequency is low; scholar H index is not high; the overall level remains to be improved.

Moyamoya disease is a chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease. Its main manifestation is bilateral internal carotid artery progressive stenosis w ith abnormal vascular netw ork formation of the compensatory hyperplasia in brain base. The pathological mechanism of moyamoya disease is not clear. Grow ing evidence has suggested that immune inflammation may play an important role in its occurrence and development process. Abnormal expression of various inflammatory cytokines and immune proteins can be observed in patients w ith moyamoya disease. This article review s the possible mechanism of immune inflammation in moyamoya disease in recent years.

Moyamoya disease is a progressive cerebrovascular occlusive disease, which is characterized by the formation of abnormal vascular network at the brain base. It is an important cause of stroke in children and adults. Now, the etiology of moyamoya disease is not clear. This article reviews its pathogenesis from 3 aspects, including genetic factors, angiogenesis, and immune inflammation.

The incidence of stroke in postmenopausal women increases significantly and is higher than that of men.The overall morbidity and mortality of stroke in women are expected to maintain a sustained upward trend before 2050.The impact of stroke on women is significantly greater than men and mahly manifests in the aspects of older age of onset,more risk factors,lower timely treatment rate,and poor overall prognosis.The influence factors of stroke in women involve many aspects,including sex hormone exposure,chromosomal inheritance,and social status.Researching the pathophysiological characteristics of female stroke and the related factors affecting the diagnosis and treatment contribute to take better effective individualized treatment strategies and decrease the morbidity,mortality,disability rate and recurrence rate in women.This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics,treatment,prognosis and its pathophysiological mechanisms of female stroke.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has gene polymorphism (ε2,ε3,and ε4).It has been confirmed that ApoE structural and functional abnormlities are closely associated with the hyperlipidemia,formation of atherosclerosis,and its severity,while both hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis are the risk factors for ischemic stroke.In recent years,although the relationship between the ApoE gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke has been extensively studied,the conclusions are not consistent.This article reviews the correlation studies between the ApoE gene polymorphism and ischernic stroke.

The incidence of poststroke dementia is high and the burden of disease is heavy. It is very important to prevent or delay its occurrence and progression. In recent years, the lifestyle adjustments, such as the intervention for vascular risk factors, adhering to the diet management, and functional exercise have been confirmed to prevent poststroke dementia to a certaln extent. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and glutamate receptor antagonist, etc. play an important role in delaying the progression of poststroke dementia and vascular cognitive impalrment. This article reviews the latest progress in research on the prevention and treatment of poststroke dementia.

Immuno-inflammation is one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic brain injury,of which chemokines and its receptors widely participate in the occurrence and development processes of ischemic brain injury.Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and its receptors participate in the activation and chemotaxis of neutrophils into brain tissue,and may further aggravate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.At present,therapeutic drugs for IL-8 are mainly CXC chemokine receptor 2 antagonists,including narrow and broad-spectrum chemokine antagonists.This article reviews the advances in research on the pathological mechanism and targeting treatment of IL-8 in ischemic brain injury.

Oxidative stress phys a very important role in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.The role of NADPH oxidases (NOX) in oxidative stress after ischemic stroke has been paid more attention and may become a new therapeutic target.This article sums up the major research progress between NOX and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,discusses the characteristics of various isozymes and their relationship with stroke,further investigates the pathogenesis of stroke from the perspective of NOX,and provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a neuroproteetive effect via a variety of mechanisms.They provide a new idea for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.However,the inadequate sources have significantly limited the possible clinical applications.Carbon nanotubes (CNTs),a new nanomaterials,can not only promote the adhesion,proliferation and differentiation of MSCs in vitro,but also as the cell carriers they can provide good microenvironmental guarantee for the survival of MSCs through the regulation of secretion of cytokines and neurotrophic factors,as well as regulation of biological characteristics of neurons,glial cells,and macrophages after their cell transplantation,provide a good microenvironment guarantee for the survival of MSCs,and promote the effect of MSCs on the therapeutic effect of cerebral ischemia.