Objective To construct dendritic cell(DC) vaccine expressing hepatitis C virus(HCV) multi-cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) epitopes,which can stimulate T-cell response in vitro,providing certain information for immunization experiments in vivo for the next step.Methods DCs were infected with recombinant defective adenoviruses expressing two HCV CTL epitopes with tagged green fluorescent protein(GFP).The rate of infection was detected by the fluorescence microscope or flow cytometry;the expression of multiple CTL epitopes in DC was proved by RT-PCR and Western Blot.The cell surface markers of DC such as CD80,CD83,CD86 and HLA-DR were identified by flow cytometry.T cell proliferation effect promoted by DC was observed by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8).IL-12p70 in DC culture supernatant and IFN-γ in T cell supernatant were detected by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay(ELISA).HCV specific CTL activity was measured by LDH release assay.Results Recombinant multi-CTL epitopes and GFP were successfully expressed in DC.Adenovirus can promote DC maturation,the percentages of CD80,CD83,CD86 and HLA-DR were(71.19±3.29)%,(81.21±5.07)%,(91.23±4.24)%,(97.95±5.31)% respectively.Infected DC promotes homologous T cell proliferation and the stimulation index was 6.806±0.247 when DC:T was 1:10.The secretion of IL-12 and IFN-γ was also increased to(193.83±6.25) pg/ml and(111.14±2.09) pg/ml respectively.The CTL stimulated by infected DC could specifically kill Huh-7.5 cells transfected with FL-J6/JFH transcripts.The cytotoxicity was 35.99% when the rate of effector to target was 100:1.Conclusion The multi-CTL epitopes recombinant adenovirus can effectively infect DC in vitro,promoting the T cell immune response,laying the foundation for developing anti-HCV DC vaccine.

[Objective] To study the availability of machine packaging Chinese yam.By comparing granules in different specifications of Chinese yam,select best granule diameter,replace the primary artificial package with machine for large batch production.[Method] Measure water soluble extract and humidity-absorption,pile concentration and dormant angle,investigate its fill and flow.[Result] The measurement of 10order≤d1≤24order is more in accordance with experimental requirement.[Conclusion] The granule of 10order≤d1≤24order has more availability for machine package.

Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) which can form high voltage around the tissues by emitting pulsed electric current may affect activity of synapses and cytokine. It has many advantages, such as smaller trauma, easier manipulation, safer, better effect, and so on.

Objective To explore the relationship of DNA damage and cell apoptosis in the blood vessel endothelial cell of diabetic rats. Methods Streptozotocin was used to make diabetic rats, 16 rats were random divided into diabetic group and control group. DNA damage was measured by comet assay and cell apoptosis was detected by flow eytometry. Results DNA damage score was 29.5 ± 6.7 and 8.6±3.6 in diabetic rats and controls, the rate of cell apoptosis was respectively 10.9±3.5 and 4.4 ± 1.2. It had a significant difference between two groups in DNA damage and cell apoptosis(P < 0.05). The rat of cell apoptosis had strongly positive correlation with DNA dam-age scores (r = 0.82, P < 0.05). Conclusion DNA damage and cell apoptosis are found in diabetes mellitus, cell apoptosis may be asso-ciated with DNA damage. The roles of DNA damage and cell apoptosis in diabetes mellitus need further research.

The epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR)-small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has become the focus of clinical trials for first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC). Though TKI and concurrent chemotherapy show no advantage for survival, the use of TKI in combination with chemotherapy ( sequenced or maintenance) prolongs progression-free survival. In those patients with EGFR mutation, TKI as monotherapy in first-line setting has a significant effect on progression - free survival compared with chemotherapy. These data shows that EGFR mutation is effective predictor for TKI treatment.

CD163 is one of transmembrane glycoproteins expressed only in activated monocyte-macrophage cell membrane, which acts as a marker of activated macrophages. In sepsis, CD163 activates the intracellular signal transduction pathways in macrophages,regulates TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 expression, have antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects in the inflammatory process. Soluble CD163 (sCD163) is a soluble form of CD163 ,which could play anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects by inhibiting T cells proliferation and activation. Serum concentration of sCD163 may be highly increased when severe infection. Detection of serum sCD163 is helpful to diagnose sepsis,and to evaluate the prognosis of severe infection and sepsis.

Invasive fungal infection(IFI) is becoming increasingly important issue in pediatrics and pediatric intensive care unit. IFI often occurs in newborns and children with immune dysfunction. Candida and Aspergillus spp. are the most commonly isolated organisms. Early diagnosis can improve the prognosis of IFI. The 1,3-β-D-glucan(G)test,galatomannan antigen(GM)test and PCR test can aid earlier dignosis for IFI in high-risk children.

This article analyses the basic theory, form, features and purpose of the college spoken English testing to be carried out throughout the country, and probes the corresponding teaching method in order to improve college spoken English teaching.

Objective To analyze the situation of the intellectual development of children between 0 to 18months.Methods Using Denver Developmental Screening Test(DDST),1 064 children aged between 0 to 18 months in four items:their indicidual and social reaction ability,subject-touching reaction ability of fingers,and speaking ability as well as movement ability were tested,each itern had 2 kinds of tests and here only need to test one kind which is shown on the left part of DDST.Every example need to understand the pregnancy history,family history,birth of children,past history,parents'jobs and education level.The measured results were calculmed,about the ages of which 50%examlnation could pass in each test itern and 90%could pass,and compared with tested children in Denver.Results The passing rate of same item would be increased as age increases.the passing rate would be different between different test items in the sslne age,and the more difficult the item,the lower the passing rate.The common trend of children's intellectual development Was in accordance with that of Denver children,whereas there were age differences that pass certain items.Conclusion As a screening way of infants'intellectual tests,DDST had universal significance.Lacking scientific education was an important cause of mental retardation in children.

“Hygiene hypothesis” may be the reason for the increased incidence of childhood asthma in recent years.A large number of clinical studies indicate that,probiotics,which play a positive role in the digestive system diseases,can prevent and treat children atopic dermatitis as well as food allergies,but the conclusions of prevention and treatment of asthma have been inconsistent.More and more of the animal experiments show that probiotics have benefical effects in the prevention or therapy of asthma,its mechanism is still in the exploration,probiotics such as lactobacillus will provide a new clinical thought for the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma in the future.