Objective To establish a determination method of phthalates in the drinking water used to monitor the pollution level of phthalates in the drinking water of Beijing. Methods 23 samples from drinking water plants in Beijing were determinated by GC-MS, using selective ion mode (SIM)with high sensitivity and internal standard quantitation method with high accuracy. Results In all samples, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was detected out and the highest concentration was 24.5 ?g/L, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was detected out in 7 samples and the highest concentration was 11.1 ?g/L, The other 3 kinds of phthalate were not detected out. The detection limit of DEHP and DOP was 8.0 ?g/L, DMP, DEP, DBP was 0.3 ?g/L, The recovery rate were 71.7%-96.0%, RSD were 2.8%-9.0%. Conclusion The main pollutants of phthalates are DEHP and DBP in drinking water of Beijing, GC-MS is suitable for determination of phthalates in drinking water.

Gastric cancer is the fourth malignancies and the second cancer -related mortality rate in the world.Although the incidence of gastric cancer has declined in the past few decades ,it is still a serious health problem.Tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression .The main components of gastric cancer include tumor associated macrophages、lymphocytes、cancer-associated fibroblasts、angiogenesis factors,cytokines,gastric microenvironment and the mechanism of action of chemokines .In this review,the corre-lation between tumor microenvironment and GC is discussed .

Objective To investigate the protective effects of pentoxifylline on gastric mucosal injury in rats with endotoxemia. Methods 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups : sham operated control group (C group) ,LPS group and PTX group. The serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) levels in each group were measured. The immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of the ICAM-1 in the gastric mucosal tissues. Results The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum in LPS group were higher than those in C group (P <0.01). The level of ICAM-1 in the gastric mucosal tissues in LPS group was higher than those in sham operated control group(P < 0.01). After FIX treatment, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum in PTX group were lower than those in LPS group(P < 0.01) and the level of ICAM-1 in the hepatic tissues in PTX group was also lower than those in LPS group(P <0.01). Conclusions TNF-α,IL-1β and ICAM-1 take part in the progress of gastric mucosal inju-ry in rats with endotoxemia. PTX can eliminate the gastric mueesa injury and protect the gastric mucosal tissues by downregulating the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and ICAM-1.

Objective To compare the cuffed renal vein technique and the classical techniques in kidney transplantation.Method The classical techniques of mouse renal transplantation required clamping both vena cava and aorta simultaneously and carried out suture anastomoses of the renal artery and vein in a heterotopic position.In our laboratory,we have successfully developed mouse orthotopic kidney transplantation for the first time,using a rapid cuffed renal vein technique for vessel anastomosis,wherein the donor's renal vein was inserted through an intravenous catheter,folded back and tied.During grafting,the cuffed renal vein was directly inserted into the recipient's renal vein without the need for clamping vena cava and suturing renal vein.Result This technique allowed for the exact transplantation of the kidney into the original position,compared to the classical technique,and had significantly shortened the clamping time due to a quicker and more precise anastomosis of renal vein as described.The renal vein anastomoses time was dramatically shortened in cuffed renal vein technique (4 min) as compared with the classical technique (9 min,P＜0.001).This also allowed for a quicker recovery of the lower extremity activity,reduction in myoglobinuria with resultant kidney graft survival of 88.9％.Conclusion The cuffed renal vein technique simplifies microvascular anastomoses and affords important additional benefits.

Objective To analysis the occurrence status of breast disease in married women in Tangshan area,and to provide basis for early prevention of breast cancer in this region.Methods 773 married women in Tangshan area were given mammography examination.The tissue biopsy or surgical treatment was recommended for patients with above grade 3 of breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) classification to obtain pathological diagnosis.Results In 773 women,482 cases (62.35 ％) were diagnosed as BI-RADS grade 2 or below,256 cases (33.12 ％) were BI-RADS grade 3,33 cases (4.27 ％) were BI-RADS grade 4,2 cases (0.26 ％) were BI-RADS grade 5.The distribution of each BI-RADS grade among different age group was statistically significant (x2 =17.90,P ＜ 0.001),35 cases got pathological diagnosis by biopsy or surgical treatment,including 30 cases of mammary gland hyperplasia,3 cases of breast fibroadenoma,and 2 cases of breast cancer.Conclusion Women's mammography screening is important for the prevention and early detection of mammary gland diseases.

Objective To evaluate characteristics of CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH).Methods A retrospective study involving 12 patients (2 males,10 females;24-80 years old) confirmed as PSH by pathology from May 2012 to July 2014 was investigated.All patients underwent chest CT scan,including enhanced CT;and 5 cases underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT.All imaging data were collected and analyzed to find out a more effective diagnostic method.Results In 12 PSH patients,9 had single lesion,of which 4 involved left lung and 5 right lung.The rest 3 patients including 1 with two nodules located in the right lower lobe,and 2 with multiple nodules scattered in several lobes.Plain CT showed all lesions had uniformly isodensity,4 with calcification,3 with air meniscus sign.Contrast-enhanced CT examinations showed that the majority lesions were prominent enhancement and few moderate enhancement,all lesions showed vessel marginating sign and 6 with cystic and necrosis area.18F-FDG PET/CT examinations showed that the lesions displayed patchy pattern of mild to moderate uptake with SUVmax 2.2--4.0.Conclusions The characteristic CT features of PSH,especially the contrast-enhanced CT imaging,are important for diagnosis.18F-FDG PET/CT findings are extremely helpful in differentiating PSH from malignant lesions.

Objective To investigate the expression of P21ras and PIK3CA proteins in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HBV-HCC), post-hepatitis B hepatic cirrhosis (HBV-hepatic cirrhosis)and normal hepatic tissues specimen, and their correlation between HBV-HCC and HBV-hepatic cirrhosis tissues.Methods Using immunohistochemistry, the expression of P21ras and PIK3CA proteins in 34 cases of HBV-HCC, 37 cases of HBV-hepatic cirrhosis and 30 cases of normal liver tissues specimen were detected and compared. Results The mean gray scales of P21ras protein in HBV-HCC, HBV-hepatic cirrhosis and normal hepatic tissue specimen were 138.86 ± 2.9, 145. 34 ± 2.06 and 152.07 ± 1.17 (P ＜ 0. 0l), respectively, and were related to the progression of hepatopathy (P ＜0.01). The mean gray scales of PIK3CA protein in HBV-HCC, HBV-hepatic cirrhosis and normal hepatic tissue specimen were 138.20 ± 3. 14, 149.49 ±0. 78 and 154.71 ± 1.29 (P ＜ 0.01), respectively, and were related to the progression of hepatopathy (P ＜ 0. 01).There were apparent correlation between P21ras and PIK3CA in HBV-HCC and HBV-hepatic cirrhosis respectively (r =0. 64, P ＜0. 05; r =0. 42, P ＜0. 05). Conclusion The overexpression of P21ras and PIK3CA in HCC and hepatic cirrhosis tissue suggests that they participate in the tumorigenesis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic cirrhosis, and there may be a signal transduction pathway of P21ras-PI3K in HBV-HCC and HBV-hepatic cirrhosis.

Objective By analysing the clinical features of Indigo Naturalis-associated ischemic lesion of colon mucosa to improve the precautionary and therapeutic level of the disease.Methods Thirteen patients diagnosed as Indigo Naturalis-associated ischemic lesion of colon mucosa in Peking University Third Hospital from 2005 to 2010 were reviewed.The endoscopic and clinical features were analysed.Results The 13 patients with an average age of(60.6±14.1)years old were prescribed Chinese traditional medicine containing Indigo Naturalis for psoriasis or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).The ratio of males to females was 1:1.6.The typical manifestations were abdominal pain and bloody stool with watering diarrhea before bloody stool in 61.5%patients.Endoscopic and pathological characteristics were coincident with ischemic lesion and more like a chronic index.Vasodilatic medicine was effective and the average hemostatic time was(1.7±0.8)days.The prognosis was well and no recurrence was found during 3 months follow-up.Conclusions Patients having psoriasis or ITP treated with Chinese traditional medicine containing Indigo Naturalis have an inclination to colon mucosa lesions, even ischemic lesion. Careful assessment and observation before prescribing arc necessary in these patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of integrin α6 mRNA in skin lesions of patients with condyloma acuminata. Methods Sixty outpatients with condyloma acuminate, including 30 primary cases and 30 recurrent cases were enrolled in the study;30 non-condyloma acuminate patients undergoing circumcision were used as normal controls. The expression of integrin α6 mRNA in condyloma acuminata lesions of primary and recurrent cases, as well as in skin samples of normal controls were determined by RTPCR. ANOVA was used to compare the differences among the groups, and Student-Newman-Keuls test(q test)was used for pairwise comparisons. Results Relative contents of integrin α6 mRNA(integrin α6/GAPDH)in normal controls, primary and recurrent condyloma acuminata lesions were 0.25±0.10, 0.79±0.16 and 1.07±0.29, respectively, and the difference was of statistical significance(F=127.687, P=0.001). Conclusion Integrin α6 may be associated with the pathogenesis and recurrence of condyloma acuminate, which may provide a new target for prevention and treatment of the disease.

Objective To evaluate the sufentanil-sparing effect of ketorolac tromethamine for postoperative analgesia in the elderly patients.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients,aged ≥ 65 yr,with a body mass index of 18-24 kg/m2,undergoing elective gynecological operations,were randomly divided into 2 groups(n =30 each):sufentanil group(group S)and ketorolac tromethamine plus sufentanil group(group T).Both groups received combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)after operation.PCIA solution contained ketorolac tromethamine 180 mg and sufentanil 100 μg in 100 ml of normal saline in group T.After a loading dose of ketorolac tromethamine 30 mg was injected intravenously at 15 min before the end of operation,the PCA pump was set up with a 1.6 ml bolus dose,a 20 rain lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 1.5 ml/h in group T.PCIA solution contained sufentanil 100 μg in 100 ml of normal saline in group S.After a loading dose of sufentanil 5 μg was injected intravenously at 15 min before the end of operation,the PCA pump was set up with a 1.6 ml bolus dose,a 20 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 1.5 ml/h in group S.The effective analgesia(postoperative VAS scores at rest and during activity ＜ 3)was maintained within 48 h after operation.The amount of sufentanil consumed within 48 h after operation and adverse effects were recorded.Results Compared with group S,the amount of sufentanil consumed within 48 h after operation was significantly reduced,and the incidence of nausea and vomiting,urinary retention and pruritus was significantly decreased in group T(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ketorolac tromethamine used with PCIA with sufenlanil has a significant sufentanil-sparing effecl for posloperative analgesia and improves the safety of analgesia in the elderly patients.