Adiponectin (APN) is an insulin sensitizing protein with protective effect secreted by adipose tissue.It has the effects of regulating glucose and lipid metabolism,protecting vascular endothelial function,promoting angiogenesis,and anti-inflammation,etc.It plays an important protective effect in cerebrovascular diseases.This article reviews APN and its effect in ischemic stroke.

Objective To detect the alteration of circulating CD34 + cell level in patients with the In'st-ever nonlacunar stroke and to investigate the prognostic value of CD34 +cell level. Methods 1he level of the circulating CD34+ cells were examined using flow eytometry in 119 patients with nonlacunar infarction. 1he patients were divided into group A (higher than average) and group B (lower than average) according to the detected values, The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores on admission and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 3 months after the onset in the two groups wre compared. Results The level of CD34 + cells in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (0. 048 ± 0. 001 versus 0. 032 ± 0. 002, P < 0. 05 ), however, there was no significantly difference in NIHSS sores between the two groups. One week after admission, the increased level of CD34 + cells in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (0. 001 ±0. 003 versus - 0. 005 ± 0. 000, P < 0. 05 ). Three months after the onset of symptoms, the average mRS score in group A was significantly superior to that in group B (2. 98 ± 1.14 versus 3.25 ± 1.39, P <0. 05). 1he level of circulating CD34 + cells at the initial onset of symptom was negatively correlated with the mRS score at 3 months after stroke (r = -0. 48, P <0. 05). Conclusions The higher level of circulating CD34+ cells had better prognosis in patients with cerebral infarction. The level of circulating CD34+ ceils may be used as a prognostic indicator in patients with cerebral infarction.

Objective To detect the distribution of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in patients with lacunar infarction (LI) and/or leukoaraiosis (LA) and to analyze the correlation between the CMB related risk factors and cognitive impairment.Methods Thirty-eight patients with LI and/or LA were divided into either a CMB group or a non-CMB group according to the findings of susceptibility weighted imaging.The number of CMB lesions was recorded.Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were used to conduct cognitive function tests,and the patients were also divided into a cognitive impairment group and a non-cognitive impairment group according to the MoCA scores.The demographic and clinical data in each group were compared.The independent risk factors for CMBs and cognitive impairment were identified.Results Thirteen patients had 58 CMBs in the CMB group.Their distributions were as follows:36 CMBs in basal ganglia and thalamus,14 in cortical and subcortical regions,3 in brain stem,and 5 in cerebellum.There were 25 patients in the non-CBM group,26 in the cognitive impairment group,and 12 in the non-cognitive impairment group.There were significant differences in age and the proportions of hypertension,taking antithrombotic drugs and the patients with LA between the CMB group and the non-CMB group (all P ＜ 0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that only age was an independent risk factor for CMBs (odds ratio 1.103,95％ confidence interval 1.034-1.454; P =0.045).MMSE (26.92±2.87vs.29.00± 1.44; t=2.452,P=0.027) and MoCA (21.62±3.36vs.25.04 ± 2.59; t =-3.493,P =0.001) scores in the CMB group were significantly lower than those in the non-CMB group.There was only significant difference in the number of CMBs between the cognitive impairment group and the non-cognitive impairment group (2.08-± 3.64 vs.0.33 ±0.78; t =-1.629,P =0.010).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only the number of CMBs was an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment (odds ratio,1.534,95％ confidence interval 1.100-2.576; P=0.046).Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the number of CMBs was significantly negatively correlated with the MoCA language (r =-0.229,P=0.003) and the delayed recall (r =-0.332,P=0.042) scores.Conclusions In patients with LI and/or LA,CMBs were correlated with age.Their existence and number were associated with cognitive impairment.

Endothelial progenitor cells have self-replication and multi-differentiation potentials. They participate in the maintenance of vascular dynamics and physiological reconstruction. Though the research of endothelial progenitor cells has become a current hot spot, there are a series of unknown factors from the fields of the basic research to the clinical application. This article reviews the advances in research on endothelial progenitor cells,particularly the roles in ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

gress. A growing body of research has committed to exploring more thrombolytic regimens. This article reviews the main methods, drugs and recent progress in thrombolytic therapy.

Objective To analyse the imaging characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) in elder in order to improve its diagnostic accuracy.Methods Radiological and CT fndings of pulmonary tuberculosis in 200 old patients were analysed retrospectively.Results The types of TB in 200 patients were:type Ⅱin 13 cases(6.5%),type Ⅲ in 163 cases (81.5%),accompanied with the pleuritis in 44 cases(22%) and type Ⅳ in 24 cases (12%).The mainly imaging findings included:old lesions in 85 cases(42.5%),exudative and/or multiplicative lesions in 81 cases (40.5%),caseous pneumonia in 47 cases(23.5%),cavitive lesions in 127 cases(63.5%),tuberculoma in 12 cases(6%),miliary nodules in 13 cases(6.5%),TB pleuritis in 68 cases(34%) and enlargement of lymph nodes in 57 cases (28.5%).Conclusion TB in elder is of characteristics of atypical location and unstable morphology.

By means of ATPase histochemistry and OKT-6 immunogold-silver staining, it was demonstrated that Langerhans ceils (LC) were present in the epithelia of human skin, palatine tonsil, ectocervix and esophagus. In the skin LC were located mainly in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis. There were some LC in the hair follicle and duct of sebaceous gland, and a few in the dermis and around sebaceous gland acinus. In the tonsil, ectocervix and esophagus, LC were located mainly in the middle layer of epithelia. No LC were found in the lymphoid follicle and thymus-dependent zone of the tonsil, and no LC in the lamina propria of ectocervix and esophagus. ATPase histochemistry was also used to examine the distribution of epidermal LC in normal human skin of various ages and various anatomic regions. This study showed that the density and morphology of epidermal LC varied with age and different anatomic regions of human body. Statistical analysis indicated that LC density in various age groups was as follows: fetus

Erythropoietin (EPO) belongs to cytokines.It mainly promotes erythropoiesis in the peripheral blood circulation.Fundamental research shows that EPO can reduce cerebral ischemic injury through a variety of mechanisms,but at the same time,there are many unsolved problems.In addition,the two clinical trial outcomes are also very inconsistent.This article reviews the problems in EPO research.

Objective To investigate the effects on catgut embedding therapy combined with traditional Chinese medicine on the patients with insomnia and TCM pattern of no connection of heart and kidney.Methods One hundred and ten patients with insomnia and TCM pattern of no connection of heart and kidney were were divided into the catgut embedding therapy group and traditional Chinese medicine group (n=55, repectively). Traditional Chinese medicine group was treated by theLiuwei-Dihuang pills andJiaotaipills, while the catgut embedding therapy group was treated with catgut embedding therapy based on the treatement of TCM groups. Pittsburgh Sleep Index (PSQI) was the outcome for analysis.Results The total effect rate (89.09%vs. 67.27%,χ2=7.674,P<0.01) in catgut embedding therapy group was significantly higher than that in traditional Chinese medicine group. The catgut embedding therapy group were significantly better than the traditional Chinese medicine group in the total score of PSQI (6.71 ± 3.55vs.8.32 ± 2.48,t=2.757,P<0.05), sleep time (0.86 ± 1.11vs. 1.29 ± 0.88,t=2.251,P<0.05), sleep efficiency (0.13 ± 0.7vs. 0.43 ± 0.55,t=2.477,P<0.05), hypnotic drugs (0.93 ± 0.77vs. 1.41 ± 0.81,t=3.185,P<0.05) and daytime dysfunction(1.14 ± 0.61vs. 1.59 ± 0.60,t=3.900,P<0.05). Conclusion Catgut embedding combining traditional Chinese medicine showed better effect than the TCM alone on the patients with insomnia and TCM pattern of no connection of heart and kidney.

Objective To evaluate the application value of MSCT in the diagnosis of carotid cavernous fistula(CCF).Methods The data of 10 patients who had been confirmed with CCF by DSA were retrospectively analyzed to compare the imaging features of MSCT plain scan,CTA,post reconstruction imaging and other examination ways.Results 10 patients with CCF which were manifested by superior ophthalmic vein enlargement in CT plain scan,early appearance of superior ophthalmic vein and cavernous sinus enlargement in CTA were studied.The orificium fistulae can be displayed through the multi planar reconstruction (MPR)and the curved planar reconstruction (CPR).The focal region can be well displayed through the volume rendering (VR)and the maximum intensity projection (MIP). CT,MRI,DSA and color doppler ultrasonography have both advantages and limitations in the diagnosis of CCF.Conclusion MSCT can achieve characteristic imaging findings through scan,CTA technology and various post reconstruction methods,it has significant value in the early diagnosis and treatment of CCF.