Objective To explore the effects of anatomical and nonanatomical hepatectomy on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods A total of 62 HCC patients were enrolled,including 33 cases of anatomical hepatectomy(Group AH)and 29 cases of nonanatomical hepa-tectomy(Group IH).The operation situation and hematocrystallin(HB)loss were record.Fasting venous blood of HCC patients were extracted for detection of circulating AFP mRNA expression.The recurrence, mortality and complication rate were recorded at the same time.Results The operative time of Group AH was significantly higher than that of Group IH,while the bleeding volume and HB loss were lower(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in AFP mRNA expression and recurrence rate.The short-term mortality rate of Group AH was lower than Group IH(P<0.05 ),but their long-term mortality rates were similar(P>0.05 ).There was no significant difference in complication rate between groups.Patients of Group AH got more hepatosis due to liver cirrhosis or fibrosis,while patients of Group IH got more bleeding or infection due to the central tumor.Conclusion Anatomical hepatectomy has advantages in protecting artery and improving prognosis for HCC patients,but it has surgical risks for patients with serious patholog-ical damage in hepatic lobes,and nonanatomical hepatectomy may be considered.

Objective Gastrointestinal tract is commonly affected in amyloidosis.The deposition of amyloid protein may cause a variety of endoscopic changes in the gastrointestinal tract.The aim of this study was to investigate the endoscopic manifestations and evaluate the biopsy results in amyloidosis of the gastrointestinal tract.Methods The gastroscopy or colonoscopy records of ten patients with amyloidosis of gastrointestinal tract(five males,five females) were reviewed.The definitive diagnosis of amyloidosis was made by tissue biopsy.The endoscopic changes in the gastrointestinal tract were characterized. Results The frequent clinical symptoms related to amyloidosis of the gastrointestinal tract presented as:abdominal pain,hematochezia or melena,abdominal distension and chronic diarrhea.Five patients underwent gastroscopy and three of them were established the diagnosis.Gastroscopic examinations revealed ulcerations,granular appearance,mucosal denudations and scars except one patient in whom the mucosa appeared normal.Eight patients underwent colonoscopy or sigmoscopy and all of them got positive results.The endoscopy revealed polyps,ulcerations,mucosal denudations,granular appearance,mucosal hyperemia and edema.Two patients who suffered from abdominal pain and hematochezia were diagnosed as colonic ischemia clinically.The histopathological examination of one of the patients showed that there was amyloid deposits in the blood vessels.In another patient,amyloid was found in the stroma.This suggests that there are some relationship between amyloidosis and colonic ischemia. The amyloid deposition in the small vessels may decrease the blood flow of the colon,on the other hand,chronic ischemia may cause inflammation which may lead to amyloidosis.The relationship between amyloidosis and colonic ischemia needs to be further investigated.Conclusion Gastrointestinal tract is one of the predisposed organs in amyloidosis.Endoscopic examination may discover the lesion.Biopsy of gastrointestinal tract may greatly help the diagnosis of this disease.

With the improvement of endoscopic retrograde eholangiopancreatography (ERCP) technology, endoscopy is not only applied to diagnosis, but also utilized to therapy for cholangiopancreatic neoplasm. This article is to summarize the application of endoscopic technology on cholangiopancreatic neoplasm.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of early before PCI and immediate application of tirofiban on coronary blood flow and myocardial perfusion in patients with high risk acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS:100 high risk ACS patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 50 cases in each group. Two groups were given tiro-fiban;observation group was given medicine 10 μg/kg within 3 min,4-6 h before PCI,with the velocity of 0.15 μg/(kg·min)till 24 h after PCI. Control group was given medicine at the beginning of PCI,route of administration was same as observation group. The incidence of TIMI blood flow grading,TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG),cTn Ⅰ,PAR and main adverse cardiac events(MACE)were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment. RESULTS:After operation,the patients of 2-3 grade TIMI blood flow and 2-3 grade TMPG in 2 groups were significantly more than before;the patients of 2-3 grade TMPG in observa-tion group was significantly more than in control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). After treatment,cTn Ⅰof 2 groups were significantly increased,while PAR were significantly decreased,with statistical significance compared to before operation (P<0.05);but there was no difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of MACE between observation group(8.0%)and control group(16.0%)(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Early application of tirofiban before PCI can effectively improve coronary blood flow and myocardial blood supply in high risk ACS patients.

MicroRNA ( miRNA) is a family of 19 - 24 nucleotides small non - coding RNA in eukaryotic organisms , which can regulate genes at the post - transcriptional level. miRNA has been shown to be involved in a variety of cellular processes such as development, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis etc, and is closely related to the oncogene-sis. Recent study indicates that several miRNAs play an important role in initiation and progression of hematological malignancies. miRNA expression profiling has identified signatures associated with diagnoses, prognoses and therapy of hematological malignancies. The review discusses miRNA and its biogenesis, functional mechanisms and potential role in the diagnosis , prognoses and therapy of hematological malignancies.

With the development of molecular mechanisms of hepatocelluar carcinoma,targeted therapy has been a research hotspot in recent years.Some target agents of hepatocellular carcinoma have been approved.We summarize the progress of targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in this paper.

Ontogenesis of gastrin cells (G cells) and somatostatin cells (D cells) in the gastrointestinal tract was studied by PAP and indirect immunofluorescence method in sixty human fetuses aged 8-38 weeks of gestation. The appearance of D cells and G cells was observed as early as 8-9 weeks of gestation. These cells were not seen in the submucosa and the tunica muscularis except the epithelium of gut. After 12 weeks of gestation, D cells can be found in the mucosa of the whole gut, whereas G cells only in the mucosa of the antrum and small intestine. The distribution, number and the ratio of G cells to D cells were also examined. In addition, we have observed that G cells in the antral mucosa often possessed processes which were considered to have paracrine function. The G cells and D cells were open-type endocrine cells in the human fetal gut except the D cells in the fundic mucosa. The possible function of G cells and D cells in the development of gut was discussed. The ratio of the two cell types in adult human antrum and upper duodenum has also been compared with that of fetus.

By means of ATPase histochemistry and OKT-6 immunogold-silver staining, it was demonstrated that Langerhans ceils (LC) were present in the epithelia of human skin, palatine tonsil, ectocervix and esophagus. In the skin LC were located mainly in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis. There were some LC in the hair follicle and duct of sebaceous gland, and a few in the dermis and around sebaceous gland acinus. In the tonsil, ectocervix and esophagus, LC were located mainly in the middle layer of epithelia. No LC were found in the lymphoid follicle and thymus-dependent zone of the tonsil, and no LC in the lamina propria of ectocervix and esophagus. ATPase histochemistry was also used to examine the distribution of epidermal LC in normal human skin of various ages and various anatomic regions. This study showed that the density and morphology of epidermal LC varied with age and different anatomic regions of human body. Statistical analysis indicated that LC density in various age groups was as follows: fetus

The aim of this study is to investigate comparatively the relationship between the endocrine and argyrophil cells in the rat gastrointestinal tract by means of the IGS, PAP immunohistochemical and Grimelius technique in the same sections. The results showed that the SS cells and almost G ceils can not be identified by Grimelius technique. The Grimelius technique had high specifity to reveal EC cells in the antrum of stomach and the intestine. Our technique is relatively simple and reliable, and may be used for consecutive demonstration of argyrophil cells and bioactive peptide-containing cells.

Objective Observe the pupil constrict response to the pilocarpin,identify the difference of the response between the young and the old.Methods Use the infrared digital camera of sonyF717 to record the dynamic variety of the pupil constrict response to the 1%pilocarpine liposome and the pilocarpine liquid in dark environment.Then deliver the data to the computer,measure the data by imagetool software,analysis the data by the Sigamastat software.Results In darkness,the pupil diameter of the young is equally 6.8?0.643mm,the old is equally 4.4?0.447mm.T test t=16.1,P