More than 2 million strokes occur in china each year,most of which are caused by cerebrovascular stenosis. Atherosclerosis is the main reason for cerebrovascular stenosis. The effective treatment of intracranial atherosclerosis can significantly decrease the incidence of stroke. However,at present,about the treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis has not been standardized. This article reviews about the treatment methods for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in recent years and provides the basis for the development of standardized treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.

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Objective To evaluate the clinical effects and clinical classification of occlusal rehabilitation in elderly patients with abnormal occlusion, and to discuss the diagnosis principles and the practical techniques of the dental prosthesis for occlusal rehabilitation. Methods Forty two elderly patients with abnormal occlusion were treated with occlusal rehabilitation with fixed dentures, fixed-removable dentures and removable partial dentures. Eight patients among them simultaneously had temporomandibular joint(TMJ) disorder. After the clinical procedures including examination, diagnosis, prosthesis design, manufacture, application of occlusal rehabilitation and post-treatment evaluation, the using condition of dentures, patients' satisfaction ratings, TMJ functions and abutment teeth healthy status were examined before and after treatment. Results All the patients were satisfied with their dentures' general functions 1 year after treatment. Compared with the removable partial dentures, the other two types of prosthesis showed better clinical outcomes (χ2=4.15,P<0.05) and compacts on phonation of the dentures (χ2=4.71,P<0.05). In the 8 patients with TMJ disorder, 7 cases were cured completely. The treatment effects of TMJ pain (χ2=0.031, P<0.05)and TMJ click (χ2=0.038, P<0.05)had statistical differences. 30 teeth of the 203 abutment teeth (14.8%) had the problems of periodontal diseases and secondary caries and the incidences of these problems were higher in using removable partial dentures treatment than in the other two methods. Conclusions After the systematic diagnosis and the prosthesis design procedures of occlusal rehabilitation, it is important to choose a proper prostheses for the elderly patients according to their physical and psychological features, which may give the patients satisfactory results.

This article summarizes the methods of making rat cerebral ischemia models and comments the advantages and disadvantages of various methods in order to provide references for the selection of animal models in the basis and appfication research of cerebral ischemia.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of posttraumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods Aretrospective study was conducted for 183 patients with moderate to severe TBI (125 males,58 females;6-91 years of age,mean 48.23 years).According the presence of PTH,the patients were allocated into PTH group (n =34) and non-PTH group (n =149).Risk factors of PTh were assessed by univariate and logistic regression analysis,including gender,age,injury types,injury severity,intraventricular hemorrhage,subarachnoid hemorrhage,midline shift,subdural effusion,therapeutic strategies and skull defect.Association between the boundaries of skull defect and PTH was determined.Results Between-group differences were not significant regarding age,gender,injury types and intraventricular hemorrhage (P ＞ 0.05),but differed significantly in injury severity,subarachnoid hemorrhage,midline shift,subdural effusion,craniectomy and skull defect (P ＜ 0.05).Further Logistic regression analysis confirmed subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR =6.169),interhemispheric subdural effusion (OR =31.743),and unilateral (OR =17.602) and bilateral (OR =30.567) skull defects were risk factors of PTH.Of the patients with unilateral skull defect following decompressive craniectomy,the inferior limit ≤ 10 mm from the zygomatic arch also played a role in the development of PTH (OR =5.500,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Subarachnoid hemorrhage,interhemispheric subdural effusion and skull defect are risk factors of PTH.Unilateral skull defects with the inferior limit too close to the zygomatic arch can predispose to the development of PTH.

Objective To synthesize poly asparagine derivatives and to evaluate its safety at the cellular level, which provide research platform for its potential application as drug carrier. Methods Polysuccinimide was synthesized by ther?mal polymerization of L-polyaspartic acid, and the target product of PSI-Phe-EA was obtained by the ring-opening reaction of polysuccinimide using L-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride and ethanol amine. The structure of PSI-Phe-EA were characterized by 1H NMR. The rate of ring-opening of PSI was calculated by internal standard method of 1H NMR. The change of hydrophilicity was studied by the comparison of solubility. The cytotoxicity and morphology modification by PSI-Phe-EA at designate concentrations was investigated by MTT method and inverted microscopy respectively. The effects on cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry after propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results 1H NMR results confirmed the structure of PSI-Phe-EA and the ring-openning rate of PSI was 40%. The hydrophilicity of PSI-Phe-EA was greatly in?creased upon ring opening using ethanol amine. MTT test showed that the cell survival rates of NIH 3T3 and HepG2 cells were higher than 80%under the examined concentration (<100 mg/L). Inverted microscopy showed that 50 mg/L of PSI-Phe-EA treatment had no adverse effects on cell morphology. Cell cycle analysis indicated that PSI-Phe-EA treatment had no in?fluence on cell cycles of NIH 3T3 and HepG2 cell lines. Conclusion PSI-Phe-EA showed high hydrophilicity without sig?nificant effects on the cells survival, cells morphology and cell cycles. It is a kind of safe polymer material.

In previous studies, we demonstrated 10 types of lymphocytes in lymph nodes, each exhibited a different fluorescent color by our thioflavine staining method. Among them, 4 types were able to differentiate into plasma cells of the same fluorescent colors. In the present study, different types of lymphocytes were demonstrated in human peripheral blood by their different fluorescent colors after thioflavine staining. The lymphocytes from the venous blood of 50 healthy persons were isolated with Ficoll-Conray solution and E-rosette and EAC-rosette tests and fluorescent staining with thioflavine were performed. Most of the lymphocytes in peripheral blood are small ones with nuclei and cytoplasm showing blue fluorescence and the blue fluorescence of the cytoplasm is paler than that of the nuclei. The nuclei in a part of these lymphocytes have distinct boundaries. The nuclei in another part of these lymphocytes are smaller and with indistinct boundaries and indentation on one side and show dim fluorescence. Other lymphocytes show different fluorescence. Some show blue round nuclei with distinct nuclear membrane, and no color of fluorescence in cytoplasm, but with blue white patches on one side of the nuclei. Some show dark blue nuclei and bright blue cytoplasm and others show orange yellow or orange red nuclei and yellow cytoplasm. In addition, lymphocytes of grayish blue or grayish yellow nuclei and bluish green cytoplasm or lymphocytes of yellowish fluorescence may be seen at times. Very few lymphoeytes of orange red nuclei with nearly no cytoplasm may be seen occasionally.The lymphocytes with blue fluorescence and indentation on one side of nucleus, those with blue nuclei and blue white patches in the cytoplasm as well as those with orange yellow nuclei and yellow cytoplasm can form E-rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. They are T cells. The lymphocytes with distinct boundaries of nucleus, small size and blue fluorescence those with dark blue nuclei and bright blue cytoplasm as well as those with orange red nuclei and yellow cytoplasm can form EAC-rosettes with sheep erythrocytes sensitized by specific antibody and complement. They are B cells. The lymphocytes with blue nuclei and blue white patches may transform into lymphocytes with orange yellow nuclei and yellow cytoplasm under ultra-violet light irradiation. The latter are few in number in the blood but may be progressively increased in number on prolonged observation. They belong to Group Ⅲ of lymphocytes and are mainly located in the paracortical thymus-dependent zone of lymph nodes. The sma ller lymphocytes with blue fluorescence and distinct nuclear boundary may transform into lymphocytes with orange red nuclei and yellow cytoplasm, which are also very few in number in the blood and are also progressively increased in number on prolonged observation. They belong to Group Ⅱ of lymphocytes and constitute the main component of lymph nodules in lymph nodes.

BACKGROUND: As dental implants, pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V has achieved broad clinical applications, but they also contain toxic vanadium and aluminum element. Moreover, their elastic modulus is so high as to produce stress shield. OBJECTIVE: To examine the micro-hardness and elastic modulus of the self-made Ti-30Nb-8Zr-2Mo titanium alloy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An observational experiment was performed at the laboratory of College of Material Science and Engineering at Hebei University of Technology between March 2003 and February 2006. MATERIALS: Titanium alloy was prepared using titanium sponge (≥ 99% purify), niobium strip (≥ 99.9% purify), molybdenum powder (≥ 99% purify) and zirconium sponge (≥ 99.4% purify).METHODS: The micro-hardness of the specimens was determined after uniformly annealing, hot-forging and solution. Compression test was conducted on post-aging samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hardness and stress-strain curve.RESULTS: The maximal alloy strength was obtained after solution under 800 ℃ for 0.5 hours. Post-aging alloy's hardness was improved significantly although little change occurred on solution alloy. Compressive strength of alloy samples was 1 054 MPa, while elastic modulus reached 16.5 GPa. CONCLUSION: Both micro-hardness and elastic modulus of the self-made Ti-30Nb-8Zr-2Mo titanium alloy have satisfied performance requirements for dental implant materials.

Objective To screen the altered gene expression profile of hippocampus after traumatic brain injury(TBI)in rats. Methods Rats(n=3)in experimental group underwent moderate fluid-percussion(F-P)brain injury and the hippoeampus sample in the injured hemisphere was removed and conserved in liquid nitrogen three hours later.The rats(n=5)of the control group underwent the same procedure except for injury.Mfymetrix rat genome 230 2.0 array was used to detect the gene expression profile of hippocampus in two groups and find the altered gene expression profile. Results A total of 159 genes in the experimental group changed significantly(≥2 folds)compared with the control group,of which 136 genes were up-regulated and 23 genes down-regulated. Conclusions The significant gene expression changes of hippocampus,especially a large mount of up-regulated genes,are detected after moderate TBI in rats,suggesting that the secondary injury following TBI is a procedure involving multiple factors.

Objective To set up a rat model with acute traumatic coma and identify the variation of microRNA in mesencephalon. Methods After rats were injured moderately by central fluid percussion system, tissues of the mesencephalon were removed one hour after injury. RNA of brain tissue of the mesencephalon was isolated for microRNA array by using the exiqon microarray system. The data were analyzed statistically by Genepix Pro 6.0 after hybridization results were scanned and fluorescence intensity standardized. Resets Hybridization results showed 33 microRNAs with up-regulated expressions but 38 microRNAs with down-regulated activity. Conclusion Expression of microRNA array shows marked changes in the tissues of the mesencephalon in rats with traumatic coma, as may be injury mechanism of traumatic coma and also a way of neurobiological protection of coma.