Objective To introduce a telerehabilitation software system based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Rose.MethodsTeleassesment subsystem was taken as a sample to described case diagram, the collaboration diagram and the class diagram of the system in detail.Results and Conclusion A model of the telerehabilitation software system based on UML is given.

Objective To evaluate the role of P2X7 receptors in release of glutamate (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) during oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in rat hippocampus and neuronal synaptosome.Methods Healthy male SD rats weighing 150-200 g were decapitated. Their hippocampi were isolated and cut into slices 400 μm thick or made into neuronal synaptosomes. The hippocampal slices and neuronal synaptosomes were incubated in artificial cerebro-spinal fluid (aCSF) at 35℃ for 30 min and divided into 3 groups ( n = 32 or 24 each): control group (group C); group OGD and group OGD + BBG (brilliant blue G, a specific P2X7 receptor antagonist). OGD was induced by incubating the slices and synaptosomes in glucose-free aCSF aerated with 95% N2-5% CO2. In group OGD + BBG the slices and synaptosomes were incubated in O2-glucose deprived aCSF containing BBG 1 μmol/L 2 ml. Release of Glu and GABA from hippocampal slices and synaptosomes was determined by HPLC at 0, 20, 40, 60 min of OGD (T1-4). Hippocampal slices were examined with microscope.Results ( 1 ) The release of Glu and GABA from hippocampal slices and synaptosomes were significantly increased after OGD ( P ＜ 0.05). (2) Glu released from hippocampal slices was significantly decreased at T3-4 and Glu released from synaptosomes increased at T2-4 in group OGD + BBG as compared with group OGD ( P ＜ 0.05). (3)GABA released from hippocampal slices was significantly decreased at T4 in group OGD + BBG as compared with group OGD ( P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in GABA released from synaptosomes between group OGD and OGD + BBG (P ＞ 0.05). (4) Microscopic examination showed that OGD induced significant histopathological damage to hippocampal slices which was attenuated by BBG treatment. Conclusion P2X7 receptors mediates the release of Glu and GABA during OGD in rat hippocampus and the P2X7 receptors in glial cells plays a leading role.

Objective To evaluate the role of P2X receptors in the synthesis and release of IL-1β during oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in rat hippocampus. Methods Male SD rats weighing 150-200 g were anesthetized with ether and decapitated. The hippocampi were removed and sagittally sliced (400 μm thick) and placed in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) aerated with 95% O2-5% CO2. One hundred and sixty hippocampal slices were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 40 each): Ⅰ control group (group C); Ⅱ OGD group; Ⅲ OGD +BBG group; Ⅳ OGD + anti-P2X4 group (group OP). In group C, the hippocampal slices were continously incubated with aCSF aerated with 95% O2-5% CO2 . In group OGD, the hippocampal slices were incubated with glucose-free aCSF and aerated with 95% N2-5%CO2 . In group OGD + BBG, the hippocampal slices were incubated with aCSF containning P2X7 receptor-specific antagonist G (BBG, final concentration 1 μmol/L) and aerated with 95% O2-5% CO2 for 20 min, then exposed to OGD, and BBG (final concentration 1 μ mol/L) was added in glucose-free aCSF. In group OP, the hippocampal slices were incubated with aCSF containning P2X4 receptor antibody (final concentration 1.5 μg/ml) and aerated with 95% O2-5% CO2 for 60 min, then exposed to OGD, and P2X4 receptor antibody (final concentration 1.5 μg/ml) was added in glucose-free aCSF. LDH and IL-1β release was detected before OGD and at 20, 40 and 60 min of OGD. Histological changes were observed using HE staining.Intracellular pro-IL-1β precursor protein expression was detected by Western blot at 60 min of OGD. Results LDH and IL-1β release and expression of intracellular pro-IL-1β precursor protein were signifcantly higher in the other groups than in group C ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Compared with group OGD, LDH and IL- 1 β release was signifcantly decreased, while the expression of intracellular pro-IL-1β precursor protein un-regulated in group OGD + BBG ( P ＜0.05), but no signifcant difference was found in the prarameters mentioned above in group OP ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion P2X7 receptor mediates the synthesis and release of IL-1β during OGD in rat hippocampus, but P2X4 receptor does not.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the changes of microalbunminuria(MAU) levels in mechanical ventilated patients with severe pneumonia. Methods According to the ratio between the microalbunminuria and the urine creatinine (MAU/CR) (ACR), setting 25mg/mmol as the threshold, 78 mechanical ventilated patients with severe pneumonia were divided into two groups :ACR increasing group and ACR Non-increasing group,then the clinical significance of changes of MAU levels in 72 hours on prognosis of these patients was observed. Results MAU increased in 64 cases(82. 1%) ,of which 46 cases in ACR increasing group and 18 cases in ACR non-increasing group. There showed statistically significant differences on APACHE Ⅱ score, CPIS score,PCT、the success of getting out of mechanical ventilation and the mortality between two groups, (t = 3.50、2. 19 、x~2 = 3. 95、6. 70、5.38 ,P = 0.01,0.03,0.04,0.01,0.02, all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Changes of MAU levels have the clinical significance on prognosis of the mechanical ventilated patients with severe pneumonia.

Objective To describe the anatomical variants of infants’internal cerebral veins and their tributaries with MR suscep-tibility weighted imaging,and to evaluate the capability in the visualization of cerebral deep veins.Methods 80 healthy infants were enrolled in this study.All the brain images were obtained by a 3D gradient-echo sequence (Enhanced T2 ? weighted angiography-ES-WAN)on a 3.0T MR,which were reconstructed with minimal intensity projection.The septal vein,thalamostriate vein,internal cerebral vein and anterior caudate nucleus veins were evaluated.4 types (ⅠA,ⅠB,ⅡA,ⅡB)were classified based on their rela-tionship with the septal vein-internal cerebral vein junction and interventricular foramen,and 3 types (Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ)based on the drainage patterns of the anterior caudate nucleus veins.Results The septal vein,thalamostriate vein and internal cerebral vein could be clearly and continuously visualized in 100% infants,and the visualization rate of the anterior caudate nucleus veins was 88.1%. TypeⅠA and TypeⅠ were most common in the two classification patterns.Conclusion Infants’internal cerebral veins and their tributaries are able to be clearly shown with the minimal intensity projection in susceptibility weighted imaging,which is a good method to evaluate the cerebral deep veins in infants.

Objective To compare the performance of 2％ (w/v) agarose gel,2％ (w/v) Metaphor agarose gel and 10％(w/v) nondenaturating polyacrylamide gel in the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (hsp65) gene.Methods This study included 8 Mycobacteria strains,including clinical isolates and standard strains of Mycobacteria tuberculosis and Mycobacterium intracellulare.Bacterialsuspension of these strains was prepared with the concentration of bacterial cells varying from 10 to 106per milliliter.PCR was performed to amplify the hsp65 gene with a pair of universal primers followed by the digestion of amplicons with two restriction endonucleases,BstE Ⅱ and Hae Ⅲ.Then,the restriction enzyme-digested fragments were subjected to electrophoresis in 2％ agarose gel,2％ Metaphor agarose gel and 10％ nondenaturating polyacrylamide gel respectively.Results As analysis of variance showed,the three gel electrophoresis methods were statistically different in sensitivity for the RFLP analysis of mycobacterial hsp65 gene (F =36.379,P ＜ 0.01).Least significance difference (LSD) procedure revealed that the 2％ agarose gel-based electrophoresis was less sensitive than the 2％ Metaphor agarose gel-and 10％ non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel-based electrophoresis (both P ＜ 0.01),and no significant differences were observed between the 2％ Metaphor agarose gel-and 10％ non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel-based electrophoresis (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The 2％ Metaphor agarose gel-and 10％nondenaturating polyacrylamide gel-based electrophoresis methods appear to be more sensitive than the 2％ agarose gel-based electrophoresis method for the PCR-RFLP analysis of mycobacterial hsp65 gene.

Objective To investigate the effect ofpeptidoglycan from Staphylococcus aureus on the release of several chemokines including intedeukin 8 (IL-8), regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) by normal human epidermal keratinocytes (KCs) and the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in this process. Methods KCs were derived from the foreskin of a healthy boy and propagated. After 2 - 4 passages, KCs were collected and treated with various concentrations (3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/L) of peptidoglycan for 24 hours or with peptidoglycan of 100 mg/L for varying durations (3, 6, 12, 36 hours). A fi'action of KCs were pretreated with functional grade purified anti-TLR2 monoclonal antibody before the treatment with peptidoglycan of 100 mg/L. After additional 12-hour culture following the treatment, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of IL-8, RANTES and MDC in culture supernatants of KCs. Results KCs spontaneously released IL-8 and RANTES. Peptidoglycan increased the production of IL-8 but decreased that of RANTES by KCs. The levels of IL-8 were 209.96 ± 10.31 ng/L, 250.28 ± 9.52 ng/L, 285.11 ± 10.28 ng/L, 359.40 ± 6.93 ng/L in KCs treated with peptidoglycan of 3, 10, 30, 100 mg/L, respectively, compared to 135.41 ± 14.37 ng/L in untreated KCs (all P < 0.05). On the contrary, a significant decrement was seen in the secretion of RANTES by KCs treated with peptidoglycan of 10, 30, 100 mg/L compared with untreated KCs (110.72 ± 8.51 ng/L, 90.50 ±2.45 ng/L, 49.89 ± 13.74 ng/L vs 149.94 ± 18.71 ng/L, all P < 0.05). The monoclonal antibody to TLR-2 could markedly suppress the promotion of IL-8 production by peptidoglycan, but had no obvious influence on the inhibition of RANTES production by peptidoglycan. MDC could not be detected in the culture super-natants of KCs with or without peptidoglycan stimulation. Conclusion Peptidoglycan could inhibit RANTES secretion but induce IL-8 production by KCs likely via TLR2.

Objective To explore the effects of movement on hippocampal β-amyloid protein ( Aβ ) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in senescence-accelerated and senescence-prone (SAMP8) mice, and the mechanism by which movement improves learning and memory in mice with a model of Alzheimer's disease. Methods Forty 3-month-old SAMP8 mice were divided randomly into a movement group and a control group. The movement group was trained with a running wheel 10 min daily, 5 days a week in the first month, and 20 min daily in the second month. Morphological changes in the hippocampus were observed under the microscope after HE staining. The expression of Aβ in the hippocampus was detected by immumohistochemical methods and APP mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR two months later. Results HE staining showed neuron degeneration and death, chromatin condensation and vacuolar degeneration in the hippocampus of the 5-mouth-old SAMP8 mice of the control group. The movement group showed less neuron degeneration and death, and the morphology of most cells was normal The expression of Aβ in the hippocampus of the 5-month-old SAMP8 mice in the movement group was significantly lower than that in the control group. APP mRNA expression levels in the movement group were also significantly lower.Conclusions Movement can delay neuron degeneration and down-regulate Aβ and APP mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. It may be an important mechanism by which movement improves learning and memory in mice with a model of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective To investigate the relationship between glycemic index (GI) of mixed foods and glucose and lipid metabolism index in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus, and to analyze the effects of CI response with regard to sex and obesity. Methods Forty-three patients with diabetes mellitus were divided into two groups with randomly crossover methods: high CI group and low GI group. Mixed meals were given for ten weeks (washing time:2 weeks). The biochemistry index and anthropometric index at baseline,before and after the first and second phase were measured. At the same time,fasting blood glucose(FBG)and postprandial 2 h blood glucose (2hBG) were supervised thrice a week and the daily energy, three macronutrients, and GI were calculated during trial. Results GI was positively correlated with FBG, 2hBG, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR) ,body mass index ( BMI), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( r = 0. 097-0. 423, P = 0. 000 1-0.01). GI value was a strong associated factor for FBG and 2hBG in overweight male patients. Conclusions The GI of mixed foods can better reflect the level of glucose response, especially in obese men. And it had good correlations with other metabolic indexes.

Objective To test the drug susceptibility of 16 Mycobactena tuberculosis isolates from patients with cutaneous tuberculosis,and to provide a basis for the treatment of this entity.Methods Sixteen strains of mycobacterium were isolated from patients with cutaneous tuberculosis.and they were consistently identified as M.tuberculosis by biochemistry and molecular biology.Absolute concentration method was used to test the susceptibility of these isolates to isoniazid.streptomycin.rifampicin and ethambutol.For two strains resistant to streptomycin,PCR and sequencing were performed to analyse the mutation of rpsL gene.Results Out ofthe 16 strains of M tuberculosis.2 were resistant to streptomycin but sensitive to isoniazid,rifampicin and ethambutol,and 14 were sensitive to isoniazid,streptomycin,rifampicin and ethambutol.Sequencing of the rpsL gene revealed a mutation of AAG to AGG at codon 43 in one streptomycinresistant strain and a substitution of CGC bv CAC at codon 54 in another resistant strain.Conclusions In past five years,the resistance ratio of M tuberculosis was low in patients with cutaneous tuberculosis,and streptomycin resistance predominated in these strains.