Choto-san was administered to 6-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at the usual dose used for humans and at a 10-times higher dose, and its effects on blood pressure and the autonomic nervous system were examined. Significant blood pressure elevation was noted in the SHRs administered with the 10-fold dose, but no such changes were observed in the SHRs that were administered the usual human dose. Since the urinary levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline and the granulocyte count significantly increased in the 10-fold dose group, the elevation in blood pressure in this group appears to be attributable to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Accelerated sympathetic nervous activity is noted in SHRs during the growing stage, and the excessively high dose of Choto-san probably further stimulated the sympathetic nervous activity.

OBJECTIVESThe demand for mobile bathing service (MBS) is increasing in the Japanese society. Therefore, we assessed the risk of MBS-associated infection in MBS clients and their caregivers by examining the bacterial colonization of MBS equipment and utensils.

METHODSBacterial isolates collected by the stamp agar culture method were examined by disk diffusion assay for their susceptibility to the following drugs: imipenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, azutreonam, ceftazidim, meropenem, piperacillin, tobramycin, ofloxacin and cefoperazone. Furthermore, these isolates were subtyped bySpeI-pulsed field gel electrophoresis (SpeI-PFGE).

RESULTSFifty-fourP. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from different sampling sites, and of these, 26 (47.3%) were isolated from pillows. Eighteen isolates (33.3%) were imipenem (IPM) resistant. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 17 isolates were between 16 and 32 μg/ml, and the MIC of one isolate was greater than 32 μg/ml. TheSpeI-PFGE typing of IPM-resistant isolates revealed that 13 of the 18 isolates were closely related (F=1.0-0.87).

CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that MBS equipment and utensils, particularly pillows, are the primary sources of bacterial contamination and transmission and that there is a risk of MBS-mediated infection among MBS clients and their caregivers.