Objective To analyze the dialysis adequacy of the maintenance hemodialysis patients under different dialyzate flow.Methods Forty-eight patients under maintenance hemodialysis were divided into four groups according to dialyzate flow:500 ml/min group,600 ml/min group,700 ml/min group and 800 ml/min group,with 12 patients in each group.Each group was treated 6 weeks.The albumin (Alb),hemoglobin(Hb),hematocrit(Hct),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine(SCr) and parathyroid hormone(iPTH) levels before and after treatment were examined,Kt/V and urea reduction ratio(URR) were calculated separately.Results There was no significant difference in Kt/V between 500 ml/min group and 600 ml/min group.Kt/V was no increased when the dialyzate flow rate increased from 500 ml/min to 600 ml/min,that was to say they could not improve the dialysis adequacy.There was statistically significant difference in Kt/V among 500 ml/min group,600 ml/min group,700 ml/min group and 800 ml/min group,and 800 ml/min group on the dialysis adequacy was better.Different dialyzate flow on the impact of the dialysis adequacy was compared in self-control method.Kt/V increased along with the increase of dialyzate flow,and the dialysis adequacy and dialyzate flow showed positive correlation.Conclusion The high dialyzate flow of dialysis treatment can improve Kt/V and has significant effect in enhancing the dialysis adequacy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the language cortex organization characteristics of native Chinese. Methods20 patients who underwent language mapping via intraoperative direct cortical electrical stimulation (ioDCES) under awake anaesthesia for glioma in dominant hemisphere were analyzed retrospectively. Results16 patients were identified at least one language site, 3 patients located in the frontal and 1 patient in the temporal lobe. The language sites mostly located in the perisylvian region. The frontal language sites conformed to traditional Broca's areas, but the superior temporal gyrus contained much more language sites than the middle temporal gyrus.ConclusionHigh individual variability in language organization indicates a need for revision of the classical model of language localization. Because of the samples were too small, our current dates can't fully reflect language cortex organization characteristics of native Chinese.

Objective To study the influence of critical thinking training for nurses on transfusion security in emergency patients. Methods The nurses from the emergency department and outpatient department were trained with critical thinking.The incidence of transfusion safety flaws before training was compared to that after training. Results The total incidence of transfusion safety flaws after training was 10.0%, significantly lower than 35.8% before training(χ2=164.8, P<0.001).Conclusion The training of nurses' critical thinking may not only improve the comprehensive quality of nurses, but ensure the safety of transfusion.

BACKGROUND:In clinical practice,there are some patients with labial inclined anterior teeth which influence their appearance,but they refuse orthodontic treatment because of many factors such as long-term treatment.Alternatively,these patients can receive aesthetics restoration with re-directional post-core and crown.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of three kinds of post-core materials on fracture resistant ability of labial inclined maxillary central incisor with different changed angles.METHODS:Seventy-five maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into three groups:group Ⅰ was restored with Co-Cr post-core and porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown,group Ⅱ was restored with 50％ gold alloy post-core and PFM crown,group Ⅲ was restored with everStick fiber post and composite resin core and PFM crowns.Each group then was divided into five subgroups based on angles between the post-core and long axis of the tooth (0°,10°,20°,30°,40°).All specimens were embedded in acrylic resin and fixed in electronic universal testing machine.Force was loaded to each specimen until fracture occurred,and the maximum load values of fracture and the fracture mode were recorded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The fracture resistance of group Ⅲ was superior to groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P ＞ 0.05).The maximum load value of the three groups decreased as the changed angle increased.The fracture of group Ⅲ mostly appeared on the 1/3 of the root neck,while the fracture of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ mostly appeared on the 1/3 of root central or the 1/3 of the root neck.So,the fracture resistance and fracture mode of central incisor under changed angles restored with everStick fiber post were superior to that with cast metal post-core.During re-directional restoration of labial inclined maxillary anterior teeth,everStick fiber post is recommended as a better choice to reduce the risk of catastrophic fractures.Also it suggests that excessive changed angle should be avoided to prevent root fracture.

Objective To explore the influence of individualized nursing intervention on life quality of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods 60 patients were divided into the intervention group and the control group with 30 cases in each group. The intervention group adopted individualized nursing projects according to the influencing factors of life quality based on routine nursing. The control group received routine nursing only. The life quality of the two groups was appraised by inventory before and after intervention. Results The status such as physiological function, mental function, social function and self-recognized health in the intervention group was greatly ameliorated and was statistically different from that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Individualized nursing intervention could dramatically improve the life quality of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective To investigate the curriculum construction and evaluation of teaching effectiveness of simulation and comprehensive experiment for clinical nursing. Methods Based on the investigation of hospital, taking working progress and working task of nurses as orientation, we constructed the curriculum of simulation and comprehensive experiment for clinical nursing, and unfold in junior class (before clinical practice) for student nurses. The teaching effect was evaluated. Results Unfolding simulation and comprehensive experiment could effectively enhance the nursing students' ability to transform theoretical knowledge into clinical nursing practice, and was favorable to change the role of nurses and improve the satisfaction degree of clinical practice.Conclusions Unfolding simulation and comprehensive experiment for clinical nursing for student nurses before clinical practice is practicable and essential.

Objective To investigate the time for spontaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus and the trends of cardiac index(CI),peripheral vascular resistance index(SVRI)and blood pressure of neonates with different gesta-tional ages(GA). Methods A prospective observational study about 95 newborns,including 20 full - term and 75 pre-term infants were divided into 4 groups according to their GA as GA ﹤ 32 weeks(n = 27),32 weeks≤GA ﹤ 34 weeks (n = 25),34 weeks≤GA ﹤ 37 weeks(n = 23),GA≥37 weeks(n = 20). Patent ductus arteriosus was diagnosed by echocardiography(ECHO)at the time of 24 h,48 h,72 h,7 d and 14 d. CI,SVRI and blood pressure were measured with ultrasonic cardiac output monitor(USCOM). Results The cumulative spontaneous closure rate of arterious ductus of 32 weeks≤GA ﹤34 weeks,34 weeks≤GA ﹤37 weeks group and GA≥37 weeks group at 24 h after birth was 44. 0% , 61. 0% and 90. 0% respectively. However the rate was only 59. 1% at 72 h with the GA less than 32 weeks,of which 9 cases needed ibuprofen and 1 patient was conducted ductus arteriosus ligation. The differences in cumulative closure rate among 4 groups based on GA at 5 time points were statistically significant(χ2 =6. 756,4. 735,18. 890,11. 366,28. 159,all P ﹤0. 05). There was significant increase of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and SVRI with ductus arte-riosus closure(t = -32. 561,-19. 913,-31. 791,4. 760,all P ﹤0. 000 1;t = - 25. 091,- 23. 400,- 21. 147,2. 240,all P ﹤0. 05;t = -10. 931,-9. 975,-9. 629,2. 350,all P ﹤ 0. 05). Whereas CI significantly decreased in groups of GA ﹤32 weeks,32 weeks ≤GA ﹤34 weeks,34 weeks ≤GA ﹤37 weeks(t =9. 224,6. 515,5. 996,all P ﹤ 0. 001)and no sig-nificant changes in GA≥37 weeks(t =0. 940,P ﹥0. 05). Conclusions With the increase of gestational age,the rate of naturally early arterial catheter closure is higher. Whereas there still are nearly one - third infants requiring medical or surgical intervention in the group of GA ﹤32 weeks. Ductus arteriosus has great influence on hemodynamics. For preterm, especially very low birth weight preterm,the use of ECHO and USCOM can early detect and treat patent ductus arteriosus.

Objective To study the prevalence and risk factors of heart conduct block after transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD)surgery. Methods A total of 1 069 cases underwent transcatheter closure VSD were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors were assessed by multivariable logistical analysis. Results The median follow-up time was 2.2 (1 to 4.16) years. The early post-procedure heart conduct block was 20.5 %(219 cases), and 35 cases underwent severe conduct block (3.3%). During the follow-up, there were 43 late onset heart conduct block (4.0%), including 4 (0.4%) complete atrioventricular block. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that implanted of asymmetrical occluder from foreign company was the risks factors for early onset severe conduct block, with longer procedure time. Placement of thin-waist-big-side occluder were risk factor for the late onset conduct block. Conclusions Heart conduct block after transcatheter closure VSD is common , light and recovery. The late onset severe conduct block is minor. Symmetrical occluder should be chosen in transcatheter closure VSD if possible.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between MALT1 mRNA expression in extranodal B cell lymphoma and the pathogenesis of MALToma and DLBCL, and to explore the effect of MALT1 mRNA expression on the clinicopatho-serve the expression of Bcl-2 and Ki-67 in 106 samples of extranodal B cell lymphoma.The mRNA of MALT1 was detected by RT-PCR.Clinicopathological data were reviewed.Follow-up and statistical analysis were performed.Results: Expression of MALT1 mRNA was statistically different between the cases with lymph node metastasis and those without lymph node mestastasis, and between staging Ⅰ-Ⅱ cases and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ cases, The expression of MALT1 mRNA in cases with posi-tive expression of MALToma, DLBCL, and Bcl-2 was higher than in those without expression of the three indices (P<0.05).However, no significant difference was found in MALT1 mRNA expression between cases with Ki-67≥30% and those with Ki-67<30% (P>0.05).MALT1 mRNA-positive cases showed a worse survival status than MALT1 mRNA-negative cases (P<0.05).Conclusion: Expression of MALT1 gene is different between MALToma and DLBCL.Inhibition of apoptosis by Bcl-2 overexpression caused by activation of NF-κB may lead to the pathogenesis of MALToma and DLBCL.The expression of MALT1 mRNA is associated with the types of lymphoma, involvement of lymph node, stage of lymphoma, and patient sur-vival.The expression of MALT1 gene may be associated with poor prognosis of MALToma and DLBCL.

Objective To compare expression of Toll?like receptors 7 and 9(TLR7, TLR9)as well as their regulatory molecules myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)and nuclear factor?κB(NF?κB)in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)between patients with vitiligo and healthy individuals, and to explore their significance. Methods Flow cytometry was performed to measure expression of TLR7 and TLR9 in PBMCs among 36 patients with vitiligo and 22 healthy controls, and real?time fluorescence?based quantitative PCR(RT?PCR)was conducted to determine mRNA expression of MyD88 and NF?κB in the above blood samples. Results Compared with healthy controls, patients with vitiligo showed higher expression of TLR7 and mRNA expression of MyD88 and NF?κB, but lower expression of TLR9. However, significant differences were only observed in the mRNA expression of NF?κB(t=2.814, P=0.008), but not in the expression of TLR7 and TLR9 or the mRNA expression of MyD88 between patients and controls (t = 1.477, 1.761, 0.058, all P > 0.05). Conclusion NF?κB, as a key signaling molecule of TLR7 and TLR9 regulation pathways, increases obviously in patients with vitiligo, suggesting that NF?κB may be involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.