Objective To explore the clinical value of colposcopy directed biopsy in diagnosis of vaginal intraepitheal neoplasia (VaIN).Methods The clinical data of 106 VaIN patients diagnosed by colposcopy directed biopsy were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.In the past medical history of 106 patients,46 patients had cervical cancer history,43 patients had cervical intraepithehal neoplasia history,13 patients had previous hysterectomy because of benign disease and 4 patients had uncertain past medical history.Results Among 106 patients,97 patients(91.51％,97/106) had abnormal pap smears of vagina,9 patients (8.49％,9/106) had abnormal pap smears of cervix.Histological analysis revealed that 69 patients were VaIN Ⅰ,24 patients were VaIN Ⅱ,13 patients were VaIN Ⅲ.The high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) test at diagnosis were positive in 98 patients (92.45％,98/106),negative in 8 patients (7.55％,8/106).Eighty-seven patients VaIN were localized in the upper one third of the vagina,19 patients VaIN were localized in other parts of vaginal wall.Ninety-eight patients VaIN affected to the multifocal vaginal wall,8 patients VaIN affected to the focal vaginal wall.Conclusions It has highly therapeutic value of colposcopy directed biopsy in diagnosis of VaIN.But should closely correlated to past medical history,colposcopy should performed on the whole vagina wall and multiple punch biopsy to elevated positive rate.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of endometrial carcinoma in senile women, explore the optimized therapeutic modality. Method The clinic pathological characteristics and survival outcome of 268 patients of endometrial carcinoma in senile women were reviewed retrospectively, and prognostic factors affected the survival of endometrial carcinoma were evaluated. Results According to univariate analysis, therapeutic modality, surgical-pathological classification and pathological grade were closely correlated with prognosis of endometrial carcinoma in senile women(P < 0.01 ). According to COX multivariate analysis,surgical-pathological and pathological grade were independent prognostic associated-factor (P = 0.002,0.000). Conclusions There are closely correlations between prognosis and surgical-pathological classification,therapeutic modality and pathological grade,surgical-pathological classification and pathological grade are independent prognostic associated-factor. The therapy on endometrial carcinoma in senile women should connect with high risk factors and adopt integrating and individual therapeutic modality.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in males. Endocrine therapy is currently the main treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer. Although this therapy frequently results in tumor shrinkage, it is not curative, and the majority of patients eventually develop hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Recent studies suggested that prostate cancer stem cells serve a key function in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of prostate cancer. Therefore, targeted therapy of prostate cancer stem cells may be effective for the treatment of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer stem cell markers must be identified to facilitate studies on prostate cancer radical treatment schemes, especially the specific markers of this disease. Previous research on prostate cancer stem cell markers mainly focus on CD44 and CD133. Along with in-depth studies, a substantial number of new markers have been found with research development. This review summarizes the widely studied and recently discovered markers found in the field of prostate cancer stem cells.

Cajanin preparation could significantly reduce the mouse pinna inflammation iuduced by croton oil. The higher the dose, the stronger the effect .It also inhibited the infiltration increase of intraperitoneal blood capillary of mice led by acetic acid.In addition, the preparation had an analgesic effect. These experimental results indicated that cajanin may be hopefully developed to a new drug for the treatment of scald trauma, and infection.

To rule medicine according law and morality has its phases.And to rule medicine from law or from morality has different effect and postion in the process of accomplishing to rule our country by law.So the authors analyze their effective characters and limitations,inherit Chinese traditional law concept "morality to be main,as penality to be assist" selectively,and suggest the idea "To rule medine according law as good way,as morality to be the root".

Objective To investigate the change of cognitive function in the elders with first acute ischemic brain stroke.Methods The cognitive function was determined using senile cognitive function(SECF) scale in 110 senile patients with first ischemic brain stroke and 60 healthy elders.According to different sites of cerebral infarction identified by CT imaging,their cognitive functions were compared,respectively.Results The cognitive function obviously decayed in the elders after the first acute ischemic stroke and had the relation with age and site of the infarction.Conclusion The elders with first ischemic stroke have obvious disorder of cognitive function and could directly influence the recoveries of the patients.So,the therapy should include both somatic and cognitive function treatment.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of irradiation on the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells.

METHODSMC3T3-E1 cells were irradiated 24 h after initial seeding. Gamma-radiation was administered at 0, 4, and 8 Gy as single doses by using a 60Co source. Cell proliferation was assessed at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 post-irradiation by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte-trazolium bromide assay. The collagen secretion of the cells was measured through sirius red staining at day 12 post-irradiation. The expressions of osteogenesis-related genes were assessed through real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction at day 16 post-irradiation. The matrix mineralization caused by cells was evaluated through alizarin red staining at day 28 post-irradiation.

RESULTSThe cells exposed to 4 Gy or 8 Gy demonstrated significantly lower proliferation rates compared with the non-irradiated group. Doses of 4 Gy or more significantly inhibited the expressions of osteogenesis-related genes (Osterix and osteocalcin). Collagen secretion and cell mineralization were significantly reduced by the 8 Gy dose.

CONCLUSION60Co gamma-rays dose-dependently suppress the proliferation, collagen secretion, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, radiation seems to dose-dependently inhibit the expressions of osteogenesis-related genes of the cells.

Aim To study the molecular basis of protection on myocardial ischemic injuries of total flavones of choerospondias axiaris fructus(TFC). Methods The microarray analysis for the protein expression in myocardium provide a strong tool to explore the key protein candidates involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury.Surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization(SELDI) mass spectrometry with protein chip IMAC3,SAX2 and NP20 was used to compare the differentially expressed protein in TFC-treated and untreated ischemic myocardium in rats and the results were analysized with Proteinchip Software 3.0.2.Results Seven differentially expressed proteins were indentified in TFC treated myocardium.These differential effects correlated with the expression of five downregulated proteins and two upregulated proteins,and four of them were discovered on the IMAC3 chip and one of them was discovered on the SAX2 chip.Conclusions The myocardial protection of TFC may be mediated by the differential expression of these proteins which could be the key protein candidates for further investigation.

Objective To establish core competence evaluation index system of orthopaedic specialized nurse .Methods Alto‐gether 35 experts from Class Ⅲ Grade Ⅰ hospital in Chongqing ,Beijing ,Jiangshu were consulted by a three‐round delphi survey ,and finally established the core competence evaluation index system of orthopaedic and the weight of each index .Results The core com‐petence evaluation indexes of orthopaedic specialized nurse included 4 first class indexes ,14 second class indexes and 72 third class indexes .The expert authority coefficient was 0 .833 ,the familiar coefficient was 0 .794 ,the determination coefficient was 0 .872 ,The coordination coefficient of primary and secondary and third indicators were 0 .390 ,0 .324 ,0 .308 ,respectively ,and there were statis‐tically significant differences (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The expert opinions for the core competence evaluation indexes are consist‐ent ,the results are objective and scientific .It can provide quantitative standards for training ,examining and evaluation of orthopaedic specialized nurse .

Objective To explore the clinical therapeutic effectiveness,safety and feasibility clinical of leflunomide and cyclophosphamide on lupus nephritis.Methods 34 cases with lupus nephritis were randomly divided into control group and observation group according to the time of admission during January 2013 to July 2014 in Shangdong Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital.17 cases in observation group were given leflunomide;17 cases in control group were given cyclophosphamide,six months was a period of treatment.Two groups were in the process of therapy observed and recorded changes in liver and lidney function indexes,serum albumin 24-hour urinary protein,anti-double stranded DNA antibody titers before and after treatment.At the end of a course, the basic activities of the two groups of lupus index were evaluation.Results The total effective rate in control group was 70.5%, and that was 88.2% in the observation group, there was no difference significant.Compared with the other indexes before and after treatment were statistically significance (P<0.05); the incidence of adverse events in the control group was 42.9%, the incidence of adverse events in the observation group was 14.3%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Leflunomide in treatment of lupus nephritis has significant effect, less side effects and high safety.