Objective To understand the effects of drinking water and source water on DNA breakage of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL). Methods The organic compounds in drinking water and source water were adsorbed by GDX_102 resin for solid phase of gas choromatography. DNA damages of lymphocytes were detected by single cell gel electrophoresis. Results At the same exposure doses to organic extracts of water, the DNA damages of HPBL exposed to organic extracts of surface water were heavier than those exposed to organic extracts of deep underground water, and heavier DNA damages were also observed in HPBL exposed to organic extracts of finished water from water plant treating ground source water compared with those exposed to organic extracts of finished water from water plant treating deep underground source water. Significant dose_response relationships were observed between the exposure doses of organic extracts of water samples and the degrees of DNA damages of HPBL. Conclusion The organic extracts of source water samples collected from surface water and ground water and its tap water samples could cause DNA breakages of HPBL in different degrees in a certain city.

Objective To investigate the incidence of glucose metabolism disorder during pregnancy and establish the diagnosis criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Chinese patients.Method A prospective popolation-bused study of 16 286 pregnant women,who received 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) for the first time between Apr 1,2006 and Sept 30,2006,was performed throughout 18 cities in China. Results According to national diabetes data group (NDDG)criteria,the overall incidence of GDM and glucose impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) was 2.763% (450/16 286) and 3.862% (629/16 286),respectively; it changed to 5.078% (827/16 286)and 5.268% (858/16 286) when using American diabetes association (ADA) criteria.If the women who had 2 or more abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) values meeting or exceeding ADA criteria was classified as group 1,and the women who had one or more meeting or exceeding NDDG criteria was group 2,the ratio of women who met both the criteria of ADA and NDDG in group 1 was 94.2%.The 95% CI of normal glucose when using ADA criteria were fasting glucose 5.3 mmol/L,1 hour 10.4 mmol/L,2 hour 8.7 mmol/L,3 hour 7.7 mmol/L,which is close to ADA criteria.Conclusions ADA criterion is more suitable for Chinese patients.According to NDDG criteria,it is reasonable to treat the patient with 1 or more abnormal OGTT values,and if choosing ADA criteria,2 or more abnormal OGrIT values is more reasonable.

Objective To explore the current situations in self-management of cancer patients over peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and the influencing factors. Method Self-designed general demographic data form, disease-related questionnaire and PICC self-management ability for cancer patients were used to investigate 98 tumor patients with PICC. Results The total score on self-management ability of the cancer patient with PICC was (150.85 ± 17.35). The influencing factors of their self-management of PICC included education level, economic condition, presence or absence of long-term caregivers and cognitive disorders, all contributive to the prediction of 28.60%total variance for the patients′self-management capability. Conclusions Cancer patients have a better ability in managing PICC, but a few patients failed to grasp self-management skills, which was resulted from many factors. Nurses should pay more attention to those with less education, under poorer economic conditions and without long-term caregivers, and provide them with more care and education so as to comprehensively improve their self-management skills.

Objective To construct simulation medical care comprehensive training and cultivate stu-dents'nursing professional competence.Methods By setting medical simulation scenarios,comprehensive training of medical care based on admission,hospitalization,discharge and re-admission process for chronic medical patients was constructed.Self-designed questionnaire was adopted to investigate and evaluate the effect of teaching by systematic sampling from students and teachers in two dimensions.Results Compared with the control group,students'nursing skills,clinical comprehensive thinking,self-learning ability,communication skills and other professional competence of the experimental group were significantly increased.Conclusions Construction and implementation of comprehensive medical care with simulated clin-ical scenarios training and inpatient demand-oriented in vocational nursing students achieves a seamless con-nection on teaching and clinic and the nursing professional ability of students can also be improved.

Objective To investigate the genetic association between polymorphisms of Ser447Stop in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene and ischemic stroke. MethodsA case-control study was performed in 563 acute ischemic stroke patients and 320 controls. LPL Ser447Stop genotypes in the subjects were detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The frequencies of the alleles in each group were statistically analyzed with Student t-test. ResultsNo significant difference was found in the frequency of G allele of LPL Ser447Stop polymorphism between the case and the control. When subjects were divided into 2 subgroups of cerebral thrombosis infarction and lacunar infarction, the frequency of G allele was significantly higher in the cerebral thrombosis infarction group (9. 7％ ) than that in the control (6. 6％, χ2= 3. 99,P = 0. 045 ), and an increased risk for thrombosis infarction was suggested in the G allele ( OR = 1. 510, 95％ CI 1. 012--2. 261 ). ConclusionThe G allele in polyim Ser447Stop in LPL may be associated with increased risk of cerebral thrombosis infarction.

Objective To develop an efficient recombinant expression system of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) in order to build the foundation for the preparation of feedstock related ALT reference materials.Methods A new human ALT gene was synthesized by optimizing the codons of the nucleic acid sequence encoding human ALT using bioinformatic tools, and then it was cloned into pRSF-Duet expression vector.The recombinant plasmid pRSF-Duet-ALT was transformed into E.coli BL21 and the target protein expression was induced by 2 mmol/L isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside ( IPTG ) .The expression condition for soluble protein was optimized by changing the inducer concentration, shaking speed and induction temperature. The soluble protein was purified by nickel ion affinity chromatography and dextran molecular sieve chromatography, and identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis( SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis.The activity and stability of recombinant proteins in serum matrix under different storage conditions were detected.Results The usage frequency in E.coli of ALT codons was more than 10%after codon optimization.The expressions of soluble proteins were increased by optimizing the induced expression conditions, including a final concentration of 2 mmol/L of IPTG, and continued incubation with shaking at 150 rpm for 8 h at 25℃.The purified protein was identified as ALT by SDS-PAGE and Western blot with ALT activities of up to 80 000 U/L.Recombinant ALT could be stable for 2-8 d at 2-8 ℃or 25 ℃with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%.Conclusions An efficient recombinant expression system of ALT was developed successfully by codons optimization.The obtained recombinant protein could achieve the requirements of reference material feedstock.

Objective To verify the industry standard for total IgE quantitative labelling immunoassay kit .Methods Different methods of kits were used and were verified in accordance with industry standard .Results The appearance ,limit of blank ,linearity , accuracy ,precision and stability could meet requirements ,while specificity of individual kits was just partly qualified .Conclusion The establishing of the industry standard for total IgE quantitative labelling immunoassay kit was reasonable ,which could help to standardized the experimental methods and technical requirements and promoted the improvement of quality ,and offer the basis for the admistration .

Objective\ To investigate apoptosis of Hepatoma BEL\|7402 cells induced by allicin. Methods\ The inhibit effect of allicin on BEL\|7402 cells was investigated with MTT assay. Apoptosis was ascertained by cell morphology under light microscope, electron microscope and flow cytometry. Results\ BEL\|7402 cells were suppressed with dose and time dependent relationship after exposed to allicin of 10,20,40 mg/L for vairous lengths of time. Exposed to allicin at 60 mg/L for 3 hours, BEL\|7402 cells showed typical morphology characters of apoptosis: the microvilli of the cell surface disappeared, the cell shrink and decreased in volume and blebs or ball\|like bodies appeared. Typical nuclear condensation, margination and fragmentation were observed. Apoptotic cells were of trypan blue\|rejected staining. Percentage of apoptotic cells of control group and inductive group was 2\^02?0\^37%,78\^48?3\^15% respectively by trypan blue, and 1\^78?0\^48%, 74\^07?3\^94% by flow cytometry. Cells in G\-0/G\-1, S, G\-2/M phases of control group before induction were 47\^66?2\^72%, 22\^06?2\^04%, 30\^25?3\^78% respectively.Each of them is lower than the percentage of apoptotic cells. Conclusion\ Allicin induced apoptosis of hepatoma BEL\|7402 cells.Apoptotic cells were supposed to be initiated in some phases of cell cycle.\;[

Objective To evaluate the anxiety and depression problems in children parents with leukemia, as well as the problems' influence to the psychosocial characteristics of leukemia children.Methods Twenty long-term survivors of childhood leukemia (group A), thirty children newly diagnosed as leukemia (group B) and fifty age-matched healthy controls (group C) completed the questionnaires allowing assessment of symptoms associated with anxiety, depression and self-concept. At the same time, the anxiety and depression in the parents of children with leukemia were also measured using SAS and SDS. Results The anxiety and depression scores of the parents in study group (48.56±9.23, 51.86±9.53) were much higher than that in normal population (37.23±12.59, 41.88±10.57) (P = 0.000, 0.000, respectively), the positive rate of anxiety and depression symptoms among group B was significantly higher than that among group A (60.0 % vs 25.0 %, 46.7 % vs 20.0 %; P <0.05, respectively). There was a significant positive relation between the depression and anxiety scores in the parents of children with leukemia(r =0.947, P =0.0000). Group A scored significantly higher on subscales of somatization/panic (6.11 ±4.36), generalized anxiety (5.72±4.56),social phobia (7.67±4.19) and the total scale (25.8±13.98) than group C (the score was 3.68±3.39, 2.54±2.99,4.24±2.88 and 15.9±10.52, respectively) (P<0.05, respectively), group B scored significantly higher on subscales of social phobia (6.03 ±2.16) than group C (4.24±2.88) (P =0.016). There was a significantly positive relation between the depression score in children with leukemia and the anxiety (r = 0.309, P = 0.029) & depression(r = 0.342, P = 0.015) scores in their parents. Group A scored significantly higher on the total score of self-concept(60.8±6.25) as well as the subscales of happiness(7.95±1.32) than group G (64.48±7.89 vs 8.64±1.19) (P =0.039, 0.026, respectively); and group B scored significantly higher on subscales of behavior (12.47±1.25), intelligence(10.80±2.12), physical appearance and attributes (8.40±2.66), anxiety (9.93±1.29) and the total scale (59.83±5.87) than group C (14.00±2.17, 12.60±2.96, 9.64±2.30, 11.38+2.18, 64.48±7.89) (P <0.05, respectively). There was a significantly positive relation between the score of gregarization subscale in leukemic children and the anxiety score in their parents (r = 0.337, P = 0.017). Conclusion The findings of our studies have suggested that the parents of children with leukemia are at risk for psychological difficulties, and which have a great influence on the psychological health of their children.

This paper briefly introduces the working procedure of in vitro diagnostic products (IVD) industrial standards, and elaborates the importance of professional standards for production and supervision. Based on the analysis of working progress during the past 10 years, some problems and countermeasures on project setting, participation, standard material, personnel training, work cycle are put forward, which are helpful for the future development of the IVD.
Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures ; standards ; Humans ; Reference Standards