Objective To investigate diagnostic approaches of cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN) for improving the diagnostic levels of CGIN.Methods Clinical data of 106 cases with CGIN admitted in hospital from Jan.2008 to Dec.2010 were analyzed retrospectively.All data from preoperative thin-prep cytologic test (TCT),cervical biopsies and postoperative pathological examination of the excised cervical tissues were reviewed.Results Among 106 patients,62 cases (58.5％,62/106) were low grade CGIN (L-CGIN),44 cases (41.5％,44/106) were high grade CGIN (H-CGIN) ; 25 cases (23.6％,25/106) were pure CGIN and 81 cases (76.4％,81/106) were CGIN mixed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Fifteen cases (14.2％,15/106) were found atypical glandular cell (AGC)by TCT..In the 15 cases,there were 4 cases (6.5％,4/62) L-CGIN,and 11 cases (25.0％,11/44)H-CGIN,there was significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05) ; among 15 cases with AGC,11 cases of them (44.0％,11/25) were pure CGIN,4 cases (4.9％,4/81) mixed with CIN,in which there were significant difference (P ＜0.01).Seven cases (25.0％,7/28) were detected glandular lesions in 28 cases by endocervical curettage (ECC).Totally 23 cases (22.8％,23/101) were detected CGIN by colposcopy-directed biopsy,11 cases (19.0％,11/58) were with L-CGIN,12 cases (27.9％,12/43)H-CGIN,there was no significant difference between them (P ＞ 0.05).Among the 23 cases,13 eases(52.0％,13/25) were pure CGIN,10 cases (12.3％,10/81) CGIN mixed with CIN,which showed significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).All 106 patients were treated,101 cases treated with cervical conization and 5 cases performed hysterectomy; 23 cases were diagnosed CGIN preoperation,the ratio of preoperative diagnosis was 21.7％ (23/106),83 cases (80.3％,83/106) diagnosed postoperatively.Conclusions Routine diagnostic methods of CGIN were not satisfaction,most CGIN were diagnosed after cervical resection.Cervical conization may play a very important role in diagnosis of CGIN.The positivity of TCT in H-CGIN was higher than L-CGIN.There was no different in diagnosing different CGIN grades by colposcopy-directed biopsy.The ratio of preoperative diagnosis of pure CGIN was higher than those with CGIN mixed with CIN.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of Taxodium ascendens collected in Yunnan Province of China.Methods Column chromatography techniques were used for separation and purification of the compounds and extensive spectral analyses including 2D NMR spectrum were employed for structural elucidation.Results Fourteen compounds were isolated from the branches and leaves of T.ascendens.Structures of six compounds were identified by 13C-NMR,1H-NMR,and MS as following: tetrahydro-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-pyran-3,5-diol(Ⅰ),3,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-pentene-1,2-diol(Ⅱ),3,5,7,3′,5′-pentahydroxyflavan(Ⅲ),4-(2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxymethyl-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxybenzofuran-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol(Ⅳ),2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenoxy)-tetrahydro-6-(hydroxymethyl)2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol(Ⅴ),2,5-dihydro-3,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2furanmethanol(Ⅵ).Conclusion Compound Ⅰ is a new compound named as ascenden pyrandiol and other compounds are isolated from T.ascendens for the first time.

Objective To investigate color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI)and transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS)for detection and evaluation of severe stenosis of intracranial vertebral artery (IVA) before and after stenting,as well as the hemodynamic changes of restenosis and their clinical value. Methods A total of 102 patients with severe stenosis of IVA confirmed by CDFI plus TCCS and DSA from November 2011 to November 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Extra- and intracranial segments peak systolic velocity (PSV),end-diastolic velocity (EDV),IVA pulsatility index (PI),extracranial resistance index (RI),tube diameter,spectrum morphology,and hemodynamic parameters before stenting and 1 week, 3,6 and 12 months after stenting were compared. According to the results of TCCS,they were further divided into either a restnosis group (n=16 )or a non-restnosis group (n=86 ). Results (1 )The results of TCCS detection showed:PSV,EDV,and PI of the stenotic segments were improved significantly at 1 week after stenting,they were 109 ± 40 cm/s vs. 258 ± 63 cm/s,47 ± 18 cm/s vs. 132 ± 45 cm/s,0. 91 ± 0. 15 vs. 0.75 ± 0. 18,respectively. There were significant differences (all P<0. 01). PSV and EDV of the restenosis group were increased gradually from 3 to 12 months after procedure. There were significant differences between 12 months after procedure and one week after procedure (all P<0. 01). There were no significant differences in PSV,EDV,and PI of the non-restenosis group between the 12-month observation period after procedure and one week after procedure (P>0. 05). (2)The results of CDFI showed:PSV and EDV of the ipsilateral extracranial segment were improved significantly after procedure compare with those before procedure, they were 64 ± 15 cm/s vs. 51 ± 15 cm/s and 24 ± 6 cm/s vs. 19 ± 7 cm/s (all P<0. 05). The RI value and vertebral artery diameter of the extracranial segment were improved gradually,and they reached the peak at 12 months after procedure (0. 61 ± 0. 07 vs. 0. 63 ± 0. 12,P=0. 038;3. 6 ± 0. 4 mm vs. 3. 4 ± 0.5 mm,P=0. 009). Conclusion CDFI in combination with TCCS can objectively evaluate the extra-and intracranial hemodynamic changes before and after IVA stenting,and provide reference information for the effectiveness of stenting and the imaging evaluation of restenosis.

Objective To evaluate the short-term and long-term effects in patients of carotid artery subtotal or complete occlusion after carotid endarterectomy ( CEA) using vascular ultrasound. Methods A total of 107 consecutive patients were diagnosed as carotid artery occlusive disease with DSA and treated with CEA at Beijing Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2005 to January 2014 were enrolled retrospectively. Sixty-three of them had subtotal occlusion ( the carotid artery stenosis rate 95% to 99%) and 44 had complete occlusion. The occurrence of perioperative complications of all patients was documented. The follow-up study used outpatient follow-up and telephone tracking. The patients of surgical recanalization were followed up with ultrasound at 1 week, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after procedure. The clinical prognosis, restenosis, vascular structure and hemodynamic changes of the patients after CEA were documented. Results (1) Of the 107 patients,86 (80. 4%) achieved recanalization after procedure and 21 (19. 6%) did not. The incidence of stroke and death was 4. 7% (5 cases) within 30 days after procedure,among them the incidence of subtotal occlusion group was 4. 8% ( n=3 cases) and the complete occlusion group was 4. 5% (2 cases). (2) Within one week after procedure,the peak systolic velocity ( PSV) ,end diastolic velocity ( EDV) ,and pulsatility index ( PI) of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery in the recanalization patients increased significantly (120 ± 39 cm/s vs 60 ± 17 cm/s,50 ± 18 cm/s vs 33±11cm/s,and0.96±0.20vs0.67±0.14,respectively).Thereweresignificantdifferences(allP<0. 01). Carotid artery ultrasound showed that the local vessel diameters of the original lesions in the recanalization patients were widened as compared with preoperation (4. 4 ± 1. 1 and 3. 6 ± 1. 0 mm). There was significant difference (P<0. 01). (3) Sixty-nine patients with recanalization were followed up for 1 to 60 months( the median time was 12 months) . One to six months after procedure,the patency rate of the patients was 95. 6%(n=66),>6 to 12 months was 94. 2%(n=65),>12 to 24 months was 94. 2%(n=65),and more than 2 years was 91. 3%(n=63). Conclusion Vascular ultrasound can conduct short-term and long-term follow-up for carotid artery occlusive disease after CEA. The degree of blood flow improvement should be identified and restenosis should be found in time after procedure.

Purpose To evaluate the value ofintravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging in diagnosis of liver fibrosis staging in rats.Materials and Methods Rabbit models of liver fibrosis at different stages were established.All rabbits were divided into four groups based on the pathological results of fibrosis grading as S1-S4.The 1VIM imagings with 8 b-values (0,50,100,200,300,800,1000,1200 s/mm2) were performed.The diffusion coefficient (D),perfusion-related coefficient (D*),and perfusion fraction (f) were calculated and compared between control (only injection of saline) and S 1 group,S2 and S3 group.Results The D value was significantly lower in S1 group compared with control group (P＜0.05),but the D* and f values showed no significant difference between the two groups (both P＞0.05).With the progression of liver fibrosis,the D,D* and f value decreased gradually;the D* value showed significant difference between S2 and S3 group (P＜0.05),but the D and f values showed no significant differences between the two groups (both P＞0.05).Conclusion The D value is useful for differentiation of normal liver and hepatic fibrosis of S1 stage,while the D* is valuable for differentiation of hepatic fibrosis of S2 and S3 stage.However,the f value neither could detect early fibrosis,nor could differentiate hepatic fibrosis staging.IVIM imaging provides a noninvasive method for early and accurate staging of liver fibrosis,which may be of great help in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To discuss in vitro the inhibition effect of Pomegranate Rind on H.pylori metronidazole resistant strains and susceptible strains.Methods The Agar Dilution Method detects the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of the water extract of Pomegranate Rind on H.pylori metronidazole resistant strains and susceptible strains,MIC_(50)、MIC_(75)、MIC_(90) were also calculated.Results MIC of Pomegranate Rind on H.pylori was in a range of 7.8125 to 500mg/mL;MIC_(50) of H.pylori metronidazole resistant strains and susceptible strains on Pomegranate Rind was 29.9mg/mL and 28.0mg/mL respectively,MIC_(75) was 65.1mg/mL and 59.1mg/mL respectively,MIC_(90) was 131.1mg/mL and 115.9mg/mL respectively.The susceptibility of H.pylori metronidazole resistant strains and susceptible strains on Pomegranate Rind has no statistical difference(relative median potential= 1.072,95% credible range from 0.763 to 1.513).Conclusion H.pylori metronidazole resistant strains and susceptible strains was susceptible to Pomegranate Rind.

Objective To evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes of planned delay in treatment for cervical microinvasive squamous cancer during pregnancy.Methods A prospective study of pregnant women was done from August 1,2007 to May 31,2010.Pregnant women who had not been carried out cervical cytological screening within one year were got thin-prep cytology test (TCT) screening at their initial prenatal visit.Patients with abnormal cytological results were performed colposcopic examination and directed biopsy.Women with cervical microinvasive cancer were followed up every 8 to 12 weeks.If lesion progression were suspected,compared with previous image,repeated biopsy directed by colposcopy should be performed.Once worsening invasive cancer was confirmed,the pregnancy should be terminated timely.All patients should be reevaluated 6 to 12 weeks postpartum with repeated colposcopic examination and biopsy.All mothers were performed cold knife conization (CKC) at 6 to 12 weeks postpartum.Results We totally diagnosed 17 cases cervical microinvasive squamous carcinoma during pregnancy.The positive rate is 6.2/10 000 (17/27 230).After informed consent,15 pregnant women decided to delay treatment until fetal maturation.The mean gestational age of initial diagnosis was (19.3 ± 5.9) weeks.The women were followed up 2 to 4 times during pregnancy.Only 1 patient was verified lesion progression by directed biopsy at 34 weeks and delivered by cesarean section.The progression rate during pregnancy was 1/15.The mean delivered time was (37.1 ± 1.8) weeks (ranged from 34 to 40 weeks).The mean diagnosis-to-delivery interval was (18.4 ± 5.2) weeks.All patients were delivered by cesarean section and all newborns had good outcomes.Finally we confirmed 1 case with cervical cancer stage Ⅰ a2,11 cases with stage Ⅰ al,3 cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅲ by pathological diagnosis after CKC during 6 to 12 weeks postpartum.All cases were disease free after follow-up ranged from 22 to 48 months.Conclusions It is necessary to perform TCT screening for pregnant women who have not been carried out cervical cytology screening within 1 year.If cervical microinvasive squamous cancer were suspected during pregnancy,in order to achieve fetal maturity it is acceptable for the women who desired pregnancy to delay treatment under closely monitoring until postpartum.

Objective To investigate the relationship between cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and high-risk (HR)HPV infection among late pregnant women.Methods From Aug.2007 to Feb.2010,168 women at 13 to 32 gestational weeks undergoing prenatal examination in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital went through three stage cervical disease screening,including 21 women with cervicitis and 147 women with C1N (42 women with CIN Ⅲ,37 women with CIN Ⅱ and 68 women with CIN Ⅰ ).Hybrid capture assay version Ⅱ ( HC- Ⅱ ) test was used to measure HR-HPV DNA load,and the logarithmic transtormation (log10) was performed.All 168 women were followed up to postpartum 3 -6 months.HR-HPV infections rates of cervicitis and different CIN,the rate of HR-HPV infection turned naturally negative at postpartum of 3 to 6 months,and HR-HPV load at pregnancy and 3 -6 months postpartum were observed.Results ( 1 ) HR-HPV infection rate:CIN Ⅲ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ and cervicitis pregnant women's HR-HPV positive infection rates were 98％ (41/42),86％ ( 32/37 ),76％ ( 52/68 ) and 62％( 13/21 ) respectively,which reached statistical difference (P =0.002).(2) HR-HPV naturally negative:the rate of pregnant women with different levels of CIN who turned HR-HPV naturally negative within 3 -6 months of postpartum were CIN Ⅲ 5％ (2/41),CIN Ⅱ 47％ (15/32),CIN Ⅰ 52 ％ (27/52) and cervicitis 10/13,which also reached statistical difference among those four groups (P =0.000).(3) HR-HPV load:pregnant women with different grade of CIN and cervicitis HR-HPV DNA load were CIN Ⅲ 2.02 ng/L(1.53,2.67 ng/L),CIN Ⅱ 1.94 ng/L ( 0.75,2.75 ng/L),CIN Ⅰ 2.04 ng/L (0.08,2.95 ng/L) and cervicitis 1.98 ng/L( -0.07,2.47 ng/L).There was no significantly different HPV load in women with cervicitis and different CIN (P =0.719).At 3 -6 months postpartum,HR-HPV load was CIN Ⅲ1.55 ng/L(0.90,2.10 ng/L),which was significantly higher than the amount of CIN Ⅱ 0.09 ng/L(-0.69,1.74 ng/L),CIN Ⅰ 0.48 ng/L( -0.56,2.2 ng/L) and cervicitis -0.46 ng/L ( -0.78,1.40 ng/L,P =0.036).Conclusions With the increasing of CIN grade,the rate of HR-HPV infection in pregnant women was increased,however,the rate of HR-HPV turning negative naturally at 3 -6 months postpartum decreased.With different CIN grade during pregnancy,HR-HPV DNA load did not change significantly,but HR-HPV DNA load increased at 3 -6 months of postpartum.HR-HPV DNA loads with the same grade of CIN and cervicitis during pregnancy higher than that of postpartum among pregnant women.

Objective To investigate the value and safety of biopsy guided by colposcopy in diagnosis of cervical diseases in pregnant women.Methods From Aug.2007 to Feb.2009.17 828 pregnant women who receive antenatal examination underwent cervical cytological screening thinprep cytology test(TCT)in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital.If abnormal cytological results were found,those preguant women were administered by eolposcopic examination and biopsy after they signed informed consent.Results (1)TCT:the abnormal TCT results of 1502 preguant women(8.425%,1502/17 828) were found in 17 828 cases.(2)Colposeopie examination:two hundred and four pregnant women underwent colposcopic examination.The rate of satisfied colposcopic imaging wag 92.6%(189/204),colposcopic examination identified 125 cages with cervical inflammation or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Ⅰ,25 cases with CIN Ⅱ and 54 cases with CIN Ⅲ or microinvasive squamous carcinoma (MIVC) of squamous cervical carcinoma(SCC).(3)The results of biopsy guided by colposcopy:among 204 cases,it was found 33 cases with cervical inflammation or wart,95 cases with CIN Ⅰ,28 CIN Ⅱ,36 cases with CIN Ⅲ and 12 cases with MIVC. (4) The rate of concordance: compared with biopsy pathologic examination, colposcopy examination found 113 cases with cervical inflammation and CIN Ⅰ , the rate of concordance was 90. 4%(113/125). And 54 cases with CIN Ⅲ or SCC diagnosed by colposcopy examination, however biopsy pathologic examination confirm 23 cases with CIN % and 10 cases with SCC at stage Ⅰ a, the concordance rate was 61% (33/54). (5) Complication: eight (3.9%, 8/204) pregnant women underwent cervical wound suturing due to continuous bleeding after colposcopy exam or biopsy. No other complications were recorded. Conclusions It is necessary that TCT should be performed in pregnant women without cytological screening within one year. Colposcopic examination and biopsy were indicated if pregnant woman with abnormal cytological result were found. Pregnant women with cervicitis or CIN Ⅰ diagnosed by colposcopy should be followed up. If pregnant woman was suspected with CIN Ⅱ or advanced disease, biopsy guided by colposcopy should be performed.

Neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) exist throughout life and are mobilized to replace neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes after injury. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1, now named CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4, an α-chemokine receptor, are critical for NPC migration into damaged areas of the brain. Our previous studies demonstrated that immune activated and/or HIV-1-infected human monocyte-derived-macrophages (MDMs) induced a substantial increase of SDF-1 production by human astrocytes. However, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, a protein up-regulated in HIV-1-infected macrophages, is able to cleave four amino acids from the N-terminus of SDF-1, resulting in a truncated SDF-1(5-67). In this study, we investigate the diverse signaling and function induced by SDF-1α and SDF-1(5-67) in human cortical NPCs. SDF-1(5-67) was generated by incubating human recombinant SDF-1α with MMP-2 followed by protein determination via mass spectrometry, Western blotting and ELISA. SDF-1α induced time-dependent phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, Akt-1, and diminished cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In contrast, SDF-1(5-67) failed to induce these signaling. SDF-1α activation of CXCR4 induced migration of NPCs, an effect that is dependent on ERK1/2 and Akt-1 pathways; whereas SDF-1(5-67) failed to induce NPC migration. This observation provides evidence that MMP-2 may affect NPC migration through post-translational processing of SDF-1α.
Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; metabolism ; Cyclic AMP ; metabolism ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proteolysis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction