Micro positron emission computed tomography (PET) is a sort of tomography technique specifically for small animal stud-ies. It can be used to observe radionuclide labeling molecules in vivo, especially for neuronal activities noninvasively, dynamically and quan-titatively at the molecular level. MicroPET can be used for early detection of atherosclerotic plaques, measurement of cerebral blood flow, judgment of the survival status in cerebral ischemia area in animal model. It is important for the control of risk factors, disease diagnosis, dis-ease staging and evaluation of curative effect.

By analyzing the status quo of moral construction of current Chinese medical students,the authors make an in-depth analysis and accurate grasp of human nature,establish a scientific concept of morality education,and clarify the objective which aims to develop students into real "socialized individuals" with mental health,personal integrity and all-round development.Four moral methods including vertical process,horizontal extension,virtual network and class building are created to promote the ideological and moral construction for medical students.

As a kind of common autoimmune diseases,rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affected the health of human beings seriously.In the past,serological diagnosis of RA solely relied on the detection of rheumatoid factor (RF),but its specificity was not satisfactory.Lately,people found that anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody was a serological indicator of RA.Now,there have been a series of kits for the detection of anti-CCP antibodies to diagnose RA.The sensitivity and specificity of anti-CCP antibody detection are better than those of RF detection.This paper reviews the significance and value of anti-CCP antibody detection used for clinical diagnosis in the recent years,while systematically compares the sensitivities and specificities between several common commercial kits and methods of anti-CCP antibodies detection.

Using method of orthogonal design we observed that low K+,high Ca2+ & low Mg2+ in perfusate produced the peak incidence of reperf-usion-indaced ventricular fibrillation & introduction of K+ & Ca2+ significantly affected the incidence & pnset of it, The appropriate prop-ortion of K+, ea2+ & Mg2+ in perfusate is the important effecting factor of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in Langendorff heart of rats.

Objective To.investigate the accuracy and reliability of monocyte count of three methods.Methods The specimens classified by blood cell analyzer WBC monocytes ＜ 15％,15％-20％,＞ 20％ were taken randomly,draw 20 μ l after mixing,put in monocyte direct count dilution and count,and underwent routine smear,stained by Swiss-Gibbs and manual classified by microscope,and then compared the results of the three methods.Collected one copy each of the high,medium and low proportion of monocytes specimens,and counted 30 times by the three counting method.Results Blood cell analyzer in WBC monocytes 15％-20％,＞ 20％ had poor correlation with the results of the other two methods.Repeatability comparison of three methods,medium and low sample were better with method 1 and 2,high value sample was good with method 3.Conclusion The specimens of monocytes ≥ 15％,especially scatter plot is abnormal,must be confirmed by microscopic examination.

Objective To assess the safety and effectiveness of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical cystcctomy and urinary diversion in the treatment of bladder cancer.Methods We collected the clinical data of one patient with bladder cancer who underwent RCRA with ileal neobladder from the Second Artillery General Hospital in Beijing on March,2010.Literature on this topic was analyzed.Results ( 1 ) Tbc operation duration of this procedure was 540 mins.The intra-operative blood loss was 200 ml,and no blood transfusion was needed.Postoperative pathologic examination indicated low-grade infiltrative urothelial carcinoma.The patient exhausted on the 3th post-operative day,had off-bed activities on the 4th post-operative day,and was discharged on the 28th post-operative day.(2) There were more than 400 patients underwent RARC worldwide.The RARC group had marginally lower complications rate (31％ vs.28％ ) and numbers of lymph node dissection ( 18.2 vs.13.0) than the LCR group.There were significant differences in the duration of operation (285.7 mins vs.372.0 mins),intraoperatie blood loss ( 286 ml vs.556.0 ml) and mean days of hospitalization ( 8.6 d vs.13.0 d) between the RARCA and the LCR groups.Conclusion RARC is a novel and effective procedure for the treatment of bladder cancer.As there is only a relatively small sample around the world and little experience on this procedure can be referred,more clinical practice with RARC and high quality research with long-term follow-up are needed to update the database and evaluate its effectiveness and safety.

Objective To examine the effects of exogenous pulmonary surfactant (PS)on lung function in rats with meconium aspiration.Methods Twenty Wistar rats of both sexes were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 30 mg?kg-1 , tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated (PIP= 16 cm H2O,RR =40 bpm,I:E= 1 : 1, FiO2 = 1.0) . 3-4 ml? kg -1 of saline suspension of human meconium ( 200 mg ? ml-1 ) was introduced into trachea. Respiratory failure was induced when PaCO2

Objective The reconstituted pulmonary surfactant (SP) is composed of synthetic lipid(SL) and surfactant- associated protein C (SP-C) . The purpose of this study was to determine the surface tension reducing activity of the reconstituted surfactant containing different concentrations of SP-C.Methods Pulmonary surfactant (SP) was isolated from alveolar lavage fluid of fresh porcine lungs by centrifugation, extraction and precipitateon. SP-C was extracted from PS and SL was prepared by mixing dipalmitoyl-phosphatidyl choline (DPPC), dioleoyl-phosphatidyl choline (DOPC) and palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidyl glycerol (POPG) in the weight ratio of 60: 20: 20. Three synthetically reconstituted surfactants RS-1, RS-2, RS-3, were prepared by adding different concentrations of SP-C to SL. The end concentration of SP-C was 1% , 2% and 3% respectively. Five test liquids (PS, SL. RS-1, RS-2, RS-3) were prepared by suspending the materials mentioned above in nonnal saline. The dynamic surface tension of the five test liquids were measured by a pulsating bubble technique. Thirty-six PS-deficient premature rabbits were studied. The premature rabbits were delivered by cesarean section on the 26 th day of pregnancy. The animals were tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated. 0.1 ml of test liquid PS (group Ⅱ) , SL(group Ⅲ) or RS-3(group Ⅳ) was instilled into the lungs via the tracheostomy cannula. In control group (group Ⅰ) no test liquid was instill. The animals were placed in a body plethysmograph and mechanically ventilated (the maximum inspiratory pressure = 25 cm H2 O, RR = 40 bpm, I: E = 1:1, FiO2 = 100 % made of ventilation IPPV) . Tidal volume was measured at 5, 10, 15 and 20 min after onset of IPPV. Results The minimum surface tension (?min) of PS was 0.9?0.3 mN?m-1 , and of SL was 22.6 ?1.3 mN?m-1 . The ? min of RS-3 was 0.7?0.1 mN ?m-1. The mean tidal volume after 20 min of mechanical ventilation in group Ⅱ(PS) and groupⅢ(RS-3 ) was 25 ?7 ml?kg-1 and 25 ? 4 ml?kg-1 respectively, significantly larger than that in control group (Ⅰ ) and group Ⅲ (SL) . Conclusion The surface tension-reducing activity of SL alone is low. Adding SP-C to SL greatly enhances the surface tension-reducing activity of reconstituted surfactant (RS).

Objective To examine the influence of serum on pulmonary surfactant (PS) function.Methods Caesarean section was performed on 26-day pregnant Japanese white rabbits (full term=31 days). The pre-term rabbits weighing 20-34g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal(ip) pentobarbital sodium 0.5mg. Tracheotomy was performed. Test liquids were prepared by suspending PS in rabbit serum or acetate Ringer solution at concentration of 2.0,4.0,6.0,8.0,10,12,24 mg/ml. The surface tension of test liquids was measured by pulsating bubble technique. Test liquid 10ml/kg was instilled in the lungs of PS-deficient pre-term rabbits via tracheotomy cannula.Animals were ramdomly divided into 4 groups according to the test liquid used: group A: 24mg/ml PS suspended in acetate Ringer solution; group B: 24mg/ml PS suspended in serum; group C: 4.0mg/ml PS suspended in acetate Ringer solution; group D: nothing was instilled. Rabbits were placed in plethysmograph. Siemens-Elema ventilator was used for mechanical ventilation. PIP was set at 22.5cmH 2O, PEEP=0,respiratory rate=40 frequency/min, I:E=1:1,FiO 2=100%. Tidal volume was measured at 5,10,15,20 min after the start of mechanical ventilation.Results When concentration of PS suspended in acetate Ringer solution was 2.0 mg/ml, the minimum surface tension (?min) was less than 3.0 mN/m; when suspended in serum, ?min was significantly higher than 30 mN/m (P15 ml/kg, but in group B the mean tidal volume was

Objective To establish a flow cytometric method for assay of platelet aggregation induced by shear stress(SIPA) and investigate its clinical value. Methods After the whole blood was subjected to a certain shear stress by a rotational viscometer, the platelets were activated and aggregated. Then the fluorescence antibody CD61 PerCP was added to stain the platelets. The free platelets and aggregates were counted respectively by flow cytometry, thereby the ratio of platelet aggregation was calculated. Results Shear stress-induced whole blood platelet aggregation varied with the increase of shear stress and time of stress. Only a small amount of platelet aggregation was detected at relatively low shear stress of 100S -1, and it was increased at 500S -1. However, a significant increase occurred with 2 000S -1. It approached to the maximum value (58.4%?5.3%) at 3 000S -1 with exposure of 3min, which was higher than the values at 100S -1(9.4%?1.3%)and 500S -1(26.4%?3.2%). At the same time, the aggregates increased in size and became more compact with increase in the shear stress and prolongation of time. High shear stress induced platelet aggregation(H-SIPA) was significantly enhanced in patients with AMI, cerebral infarction, TIA or diabetes, all of them were susceptible to coagulopathy, compared with normal control. Conclusion The results indicated that shear stress could induce platelet aggregation directly, and the degree of SIPA had positive correlation with the stress stength and exposure time.The measurement of H-SIPA was of some clinical value in the diagnosis of arterial thrombosis.