The studies on Internet public opinions in domestic library and information field from 2004 to 2013 were analyzed by subject analysis,which showed that studies on the hot spots of Internet public opinions using bibliometrics and knowledge map were rather mature while studies on how library and information science provides the theoretical support for Internet public opinions in its service were immature. The problems in studies on Internet public opinions in library and information field should be further studied, including their objectives, theoretical support, techniques and application.

Mutagenesis of several male contraceptives in sperm bead anomalies was investigated. Results show that glycosides of tripterygium wilfordii hook (GTW) and its monomer T13, microwave induce sperm head anomalies. However, gossypol and monomer T4 and GTW do not induce sperm head anomalies. Adult male mice and rats were given orally GTW, monomer T4, T13 and gossypol. These chemical agents were delivered in 1% methylcellulose. Result indicated that frequency of abnormal sperm heads in GTW, T13 groups were significantly increased, while frequency of abnormal sperm heads in T4 and gossypol-treated animals were similar to that of normal controls. When male mice were exposed to microwaves of 0.5 kW for 1-2 min, for five weeks abnormal shape of spermatozoa could be found.

Objective To evaluate the value of the four kinds of diagnostic method in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) infection complicating tuberculosis (TB) .Methods 52 cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection complica‐ting TB were taken as the observation group and 100 cases of TB without complicating HIV infection were taken as the control group .The two groups were performed the PPD test ,sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture ,tuberculosis antibody and inter‐feron gamma release assay(IGRA) for conducting the diagnosis .Results The positive rate of the PPD test ,sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and tuberculosis antibody in the control group were significantly higher than those in the observation group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .01);the positive rate of the IGRA in the observation group was obviously higher than that of the PPD test ,sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and tuberculosis antibody ,the differences had statistical sig‐nificance (P<0 .01) .The negative occurrence rate of the IGRA in the observation group treated by the antiretroviral therapy was obviously higher than the positive rate ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The IGRA may be a sen‐sitive method for diagnosing HIV infection complicating TB and the antiretroviral therapy may have a certain impact on the results .

OBJECTIVETo study the conditions of callus induction and plantlet regeneration of Prunella vulgaris.

METHODBy using the orthogonal experiment design, different explants, sucrose, plant growth substances and their ratio for callus induction and differentiation were optimized.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe inductivity of leaves was the highest, followed by stems, but callus of the leafstalks could not be induced. The main factor of affecting the formation of callus was 6-BA. The optimal medium for callus induction was MS + 6-BA 3.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.1 mg x L(-1) + 2,4-D 0.5 mg x L(-1) + sucrose 3%. The optimal medium for callus differentiation was 1/2 MS + 6-BA 3.25 mg x L(-1) + NAA 1.25 mg x L(-1) + sucrose 2%. The optimal medium for rooting was MS + IBA 1.0 mg x L(-1) + sucrose 3%.

Culture Media ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; physiology ; Prunella ; drug effects ; physiology ; Regeneration ; drug effects ; Time Factors

Objective To study the changes in intestinal structure and function of Parkinson's dis-ease(PD)model in cynomolgus monkeys so as to provide scientific basis for exploring the mecha-nism and intervention of constipation and other intestinal symptoms in PD patients.Methods Six male cynomolgus monkeys were subjected,and three of them received intracarotid injection of MPTP for manifestations of typical PD motor symptoms.The monkeys with the Kurlan score reached 10 and persisting for over 3 months without abrogation were identified as PD model(PD group).The other three monkeys served as control group.The brain and ileum tissue samples were collected from the two groups of monkeys.Immunohistochemical staining with tyrosine hydroxy-lase(TH)was used to determine the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain and the changes in peripheral TH of the intestine.HE staining was employed to observe the structure of the intestine.Intestinal permeability was evaluated by atresia occlusive zone pro-tein 1(ZO-1),and intestinal peristalsis function was assessed with intestinal pacemaker cell bio-markers oncogene c-kit and protein gene product 9.5(PGP9.5).Results When compared with the control group,the PD group had significantly less number of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in the left and right sides(133.13±108.63 vs 957.21±225.56,t=5.705,P=0.005;155.74±62.48 vs 917.52±161.14,t=7.611,P=0.002),lower expression of TH in the ileal intermuscular plexus(0.79±0.01 vs 0.73±0.01,t=5.149,P=0.007),reduced villus density with irregular arrange-ment,scattered structure,and detachment of goblet cells,and increased expression of ZO-1(0.28± 0.01 vs 0.22±0.02,P=0.006)and c-kit(0.21±0.01 vs 0.18±0.01,P=0.007)in the ileum muco-sa,but there was no such difference in the expression of PGP9.5 between the two groups(0.31± 0.08 vs 0.38±0.06,P=0.322).Conclusion Intestinal barrier integrity is damaged in PD mon-keys,with damaged villi,increased intestinal permeability and decreased peristalsis,and peristaltic function related intermuscular neurons are not involved.

Objective To explore the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)on the prevalence of respiratory pathogens in adults,and to understand the scientific value and long-term effect of NPIs.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect the clinical data and laboratory examination data of adult patients with respiratory tract infection in West China Hospital,Sichuan University from 2017 to 2023,and the patho-gen,population,season and other aspects were analyzed in different periods.The analysis period included 2017 to 2019(before the implementation of NPIs),2020 to 2022(during the implementation of NPIs),and January to December 2023(after the implementation of NPIs).Results A total of 33 068 adult patients with respira-tory tract infection were included.The overall prevalence of 8 adult respiratory pathogens from 2017 to 2019(26.95％)was higher than that from 2020 to 2022(8.70％),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in the prevalence of pathogens among different genders,ages and seasons in the first,middle and last three periods of NPIs implementation(P＜0.05).Before the imple-mentation of NPIs,the seasonal peak of respiratory prevalence appeared from January to March each year.With the implementation of NPIs,the seasonal peak of respiratory prevalence appeared from January to March 2020(10.09％),October to December 2021(9.32％),July to September 2022(15.23％),respectively.After the implementation of NPIs,the seasonal peak of respiratory prevalence appeared from October to December 2023(21.20％).Among the 8 pathogens,the change of prevalence of influenza A virus H1N1(2009)was the most obvious,and the prevalence was 17.42％,0.00％and 6.99％before,during and after the implementation of NPIs,respectively.Conclusion Due to the influence of NPIs and other factors,the epidemic characteristics of respiratory pathogens have changed from 2017 to 2023.Attention to the emerging characteristics of patho-gen prevalence is important for the prevention,diagnosis and control of respiratory infectious diseases during public health emergencies.

This study was aimed to reveal characteristics of functions, main indications and applications of Chinese patent medicines in order to provide references for development of new Chinese patent medicines for antitussive ef-fect. Chinese patent medicines recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and the New Na-tional Chinese Patent Medicines were taken as research subjects. Chinese patent medicines classified in the function and indication with key words of cough-relieving, cough-suppressing, cough and chronic cough were col-lected. Analysis was made on the prescription characteristics, such as functions, main indications and applications. The results showed that there were 684 Chinese patent medicines and 462 terms, which were used for a total of 1533 times. The frequently-used terms are antitussive effect with expectorant, antitussive effect, expectorant, heat-clearing and exterior-releasing, antiasthmatic, wind-expelling and antipyretic, antitussive effect with antiasthmatic, purging lung heat, relieving exterior syndrome and moistening the lungs. All 684 Chinese patent medicines were used 48 ma-jor treatments for a total of 1107 times. The main indications include acute and chronic trachitis / bronchitis, exoge-nous wind-heat type of common cold, exogenous wind-cold type of common cold, cough with abundance of phlegm due to phlegm-heat obstructing the lung, acute upper respiratory tract infection, asthma, acute and chronic pharyngi-tis, lung heat cough, and etc. All 684 Chinese patent medicines used a total of 537 kinds of herbs and chemical medicines, including 441 kinds of herbal medicine, 36 kinds of animal medicine, 25 kinds of mineral medicine and 35 kinds of chemical medicine. The top ten herbs in terms of using frequency are Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma, Platycodonis radix, Armeniacae semen amarum, Menthae haplocalycis herba, Citri reticulatae pericarpium, Ephedrae herba, Scutellariae radix, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt, Pinelliae rhizoma, Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus. Among them, 1/4 of Chinese patent medicines used extract. Five kinds of food or fruits were also used, which were orange, fresh gin-ger, pear, watermelon and dried mushroom. It was concluded that Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect can be adopted in the treatment of various kinds of diseases, especially for the treatment of cough(heat cough in partic-ular), abundance of phlegm, asthma, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and etc. The treatment methods of clearing heat, dis-pelling wind and relieving exterior syndrome played an important role in the realization of antitussive effect. However, the expression of functions and main indications is far from standardized and clear. Drugs commonly used are herbal medicine plus animal medicine, mineral medicine and chemical medicine as well as food and fruit. The discovery of preparations with certain clinical curative effect from ethnomedicine and the using of their extracts as a major ingre-dient are one important way to develop new Chinese patent medicines with antitussive effect.

In recent years, a number of policies have been implemented to strengthen the cultivation of general practitioners in China. However, the development of community-level health professionals is still lagging behind, the development is uneven among regions, the overall number of general practitioners is insufficient, and the quality of medical services needs to be improved. Based on the Shanhai (Mountain and Sea) promotion project, with the close cooperation between the Second Affiliated Hospital and the medical consortium unit Suichang County People′s Hospital, a " Joint Cultivation by Dual-Teachers " model has been applied in training general practitioners for Suichang county community since March 2021. In this article we discuss the optimization and integration of medical and health resources through the outreaching assistance of high-quality personnel, management and system of medical service, to comprehensively upgrade the primary care and the quality of grass-roots general practitioners in remote mountainous areas.

Objective:To investigate the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) in psoriatic skin lesions, as well as its regulatory factors.Methods:FADS2 expression in psoriatic skin lesions was analyzed by using the dataset GDS4602 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Skin tissues were obtained from the back of 5 C57BL/6 mouse models of imiquimod-induced psoriasis, normal skin of 4 patients without psoriasis or other immune skin diseases, lesions of 4 patients with psoriasis before and after 10-week treatment with infliximab, as well as lesions of 3 patients with psoriasis before and after 12-week treatment with secukinumab in Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital. FADS2 expression was determined by both immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis in the epidermis of mouse skin tissues, and by immunohistochemical staining in that of human skin tissues. In vitro cultured human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) were divided into several groups to be treated with 50 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) alone for 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours respectively, 200 ng/ml interleukin-17A (IL-17A) alone for 0, 6 and 12 hours respectively, or treated with 50 ng/ml TNF-α and 5 μmol/L BAY 11-7082 (a nuclear factor-κB pathway inhibitor) for 6 hours (TNF-α+ BAY 11-7082 6 h group) , and the cells receiving normal culture served as the control group. After the above treatment, real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot analysis were conducted to determine the mRNA and protein expression of FADS2 respectively. Statistical analysis was carried out by using one-way analysis of variance and t test. Results:Analysis of the dataset GDS4602 showed that the FADS2 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the lesional and non-lesional skin tissues from the patients with psoriasis (0.656 ± 0.475, 1.503 ± 1.062, respectively) than in the normal skin tissues (2.035 ± 1.226; F = 55.17, 3.07, P < 0.001, = 0.012, respectively) , and was significantly lower in the lesional skin tissues than in the non-lesional skin tissues from the patients with psoriasis ( F = 26.27, P < 0.001) . Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining both showed significantly decreased FADS2 protein expression in the mouse skin tissues in the imiquimod group (gray-value ratio: 0.463 ± 0.172; fluorescence intensity: 21.840 ± 3.125) compared with the normal control group (gray-value ratio: 1.000, t = 7.00, P = 0.002; fluorescence intensity: 30.720 ± 6.850, t = 3.15, P = 0.035) . Compared with the skin lesions before treatment, the FADS2 protein expression significantly increased in the skin lesions from the patients with psoriasis after 10-week treatment with infliximab (43.775± 3.342 vs. 27.950 ±1.218, t = -6.95, P = 0.006) , but was not significantly changed in the skin lesions from the patients with psoriasis after 12-week treatment with secukinumab (28.667 ± 3.402 vs. 31.933 ± 2.987, t = 2.72, P = 0.113) . qPCR revealed that the FADS2 mRNA expression significantly decreased in HaCaT cells in the TNF-α 6 h group and TNF-α 12 h group compared with the TNF-α 0 h group ( P = 0.002, 0.003, respectively) , while there was no significant change in the FADS2 mRNA expression in the IL-17A 6 h group and IL-17A 12 h group compared with the IL-17A 0 h group ( P = 0.849, 0.961, respectively) . The FADS2 mRNA expression significantly decreased in HaCaT cells in the TNF-α 6 h group (0.682 ± 0.132) compared with the control group (1.000, t = 4.82, P = 0.017) , but significantly increased in the TNF-α + BAY 11-7082 6 h group (1.541 ± 0.525) compared with the TNF-α 6 h group ( t = -3.58, P = 0.037) . Western blot analysis revealed significantly decreased FADS2 protein expression in HaCaT cells in the TNF-α 24 h group compared with the TNF-α 0 h group ( F = 6.24, P = 0.013) . Conclusion:FADS2 expression was downregulated in psoriatic lesions, which may be related to TNF-α.