As the curriculum was unreasonable and teaching approac h was simple in the course of pharmaceutical analysis,the course curriculum was reconstructed and optimized to be more advanced and more scientific.Reasonable teaching approaches will be adopted according to different teaching contents and diverse teaching model which is benefit to the cultivation of students' innovative capability will be constructed.

Objective To evaluate the association of serum uric acid and the incidence and prognosis of kidney diseases systematically, so as to provide reference for the treatment and prevention of kidney diseases. Methods Literatures related to the associations between serum uric acid and incidence and prognosis of kidney diseases were selected from the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database ( CBM) (January 1982 to March 2010), EMBASE (January 1966 to March 2010) and Medline (January 1950 to March 2010) for cohort studies. Two researchers independently screened the studies, assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for Cohort Studies and extracted data. Stata 10. 0 was used to calculate the pooled relative risk. Results Twenty-one eligible cohort studies were selected, of which 11 on incidence of kidney diseases (n =276 801 ) , and 10 on the prognosis of kidney diseases ( n = 3004). Meta analysis was performed based on data influencing incidence and prognosis factors of kidney diseases except for serum uric acid. The results showed, (1) uric acid and incidence of kidney diseases: hyperuricemia could increase the risk of kidney diseases ( RR = 1. 49, 95% CI 1. 27-1. 75) ; (2) uric acid and prognosis of patients with kidney diseases:hyperuricemia could deteriorate the kidney function (RR = 1. 35, 95%CI 1. 12-1.63) and increase the risk of mortality (RR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.29-2.16). Conclusion Uric acid is an independent risk factor for incidence of kidney diseases and poor prognosis of patients with kidney diseases. Further high quality clinical trials with long-term follow up should be conducted to determine whether lowering uric acid levels would be of clinical benefit in the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases, so as to provide direct evidence for clarifying correlation between uric acid and kidney diseases and the prevention and treatment for patients with high uric acid.

AIM: To observe the effect of microRNA-16 (miR-16) on the megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells, and to explore the potential mechanism.METHODS:miR-16 was over-expressed or silenced by transfection with miR-16 mimics or inhibitor in K562 cells.The level of miR-16 was detected by real-time PCR.The expression of CD41, CD42b and CD61, as megakaryocytic differentiation markers, was detected by flow cytometry.The effect of miR-16 on the expression of myeloblastosis oncogene ( MYB) was measured by Western blotting, and flow cytometry was performed to confirm whether the effect of miR-16 on expression of CD41, CD42b and CD61 was mediated by MYB.RESULTS:Transfection with miR-16 mimics dramatically elevated the level of miR-16 and the expression of CD41, CD42b and CD61 in the K562 cells.Transfection with miR-16 inhibitor decreased the level of miR-16 and the expression of CD41, CD42b and CD61 in the K562 cells (P<0.05).The expression of MYB was regulated by miR-16, and MYB silencing reversed the regulation of CD41, CD42b and CD61 induced by miR-16.CONCLUSION:miR-16 regulates the megakaryocytic dif-ferentiation of K562 cells by targeting MYB.

Objective To investigate the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)characteristics and the correlation of diffusion coeffi-cient (ADC)and differentiation grade of rectal tubular adenocarcinoma.Methods The DWI characteristics of thirty-eight patients pathologically comfirmed rectal tubular adenocarcinomas were evaluated respectively.There were 9 highly differentiated tubular ade-nocarcinomas,1 5 moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas and 14 poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas.The ADC value was calculated from two different factors (0 and 1 000 s/mm2 ).The correlation between ADC value and the differentiated de-gree of tumour was statistically analysed.Results The mean ADC for highly differentiated group was (0.92±0.05)×10 -3 mm2/s, and the mean ADC for moderately differentiated group was (0.79 ± 0.10)× 10 -3 mm2/s whereas that for poorly differentiated group was (0.71±0.06)×10 -3 mm2/s.The difference among three groups was statistically significant(P <0.05).The ADC value and the differentiated degree of tumour were negatively correlated(Spearman r =-0.704)P<0.01.Conclusion DWI and ADC value can be a useful estimating for the differentiation of rectal tubular adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE:To make clear the antimicrobials used for inpatients in our hospital from September 1999 to March 2000 METHODS:We sampled the records of discharged patients at the ratio of 1/3 of sickbeds in our hospital,and filled in "the questionnaire of antimicrobials used in clinical department" item by item,finally,we carried out comprehensive analysis RESU_LTS:More than half was administration of single and basic antimicrobial Combined use of antimicrobials for severe and mixed infections was rational The rate of using antimicrobials was high(79 64%),especially in preventing perioperative infections,reached nearly 100% The starting-point was high in choice of drug and the newly-developed,special and expensive drugs occupied the front place in order of consumption Combined use of drugs was unduly prevalent Most of treatment depended on experience The rate of bacterial drug resistance test was only performed in 10% of patients CONCLUSION:Rational use of drugs is the main trend,however,the measure directed against existing problem should be worked out

Objective: To investigate the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy. Methods: A total of 86 patients undergoing partial hepatectomy were divided into sevoflurane group and isoflurane group according to random number table with 43 patients in each group. Both groups received continuous epidural block combined with general anesthesia, sevoflurane group took sevoflurane combined with remifentanil to maintain anesthesia, while isoflurane group took isoflurane remifentanil to maintain anesthesia. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate(HR) of different moments, awakening (open-eye time, extubation time, listening to instruction time, orientation recovery time, time of Aldrete score up to 9 minutes), the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), alpha glutathione S transferase (α-GST) levels at different moments were compared between the two groups. Results: The MAP and HR at T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ in both groups were significantly lower than those at T₀ (P<0.05). The HR at T₁ and T₄ in sevoflurane group were significantly higher than those in isoflurane group (P<0.05). The open-eye time, extubation time, listening to instruction time, orientation recovery time in sevoflurane group were significantly shorter than the isoflurane group (P<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-α, IL-1, AST, ALT, GLDH and α-GST in the two groups at T₂ and T₃ were significantly higher than those at T₀ (P<0.05), and began to fall back to T₄. The levels of serum TNF-α, IL-1, AST, ALT, GLDH and α-GST in the sevoflurane group at T₂ and T₃ were significantly lower than those in the isoflurane group (P<0.05). Conclusions The hepatic hemodynamics in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy with sevoflurane is more stable better than isoflurane during operation, which has faster postoperative recovery and relieved hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To explore the relationship between hypermethylation and expression of cadherin 1(CDH1)with lung cancer.Methods The semi-quantitative real-time methylation specific polymerage chsin reaction(MSP)were used to detect the promoter's relative methylation ratio of CDH1 in all 30 cases of lung cancer tissues,para-cancer lung tissues,distal lung tissues and 5 non-cancer lung tissue samples.Nested RT-PCR was used to detect the expression ratio of CDH1 mRNA.The western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of E-cad protein.The immunohistoeheroical method was used to confirm some negative results of western blot analysis.Results The relative methylation ratios was 0.13%-450.67%(median:33.61%)in cancer tissues,0.00%-177.02%(median:18.04%)in para-cancer tissues,and 0.00%-51.68%(median:13.69%)in far-cancer tissues.Statistical significance between cancer and pars-cancer tissues(Z=-2.355,P＜0.05)and between cancer and disial tissues(Z=-3.527,P＜0.01)were found.The results of nested RT-PCR showed that there were statistical sigaificance of mRNA expression between lung cancer tissues and pars-cancer tissues,distal lung tissues or non-cancer lung tissues(F=9.081,P＜0.01).The results of western blot showed that the positive expression rate of E-cad was 36.7% in lung cancer tissues,70.0%in para-cancer tissues,and 96.7% in far-cancer lung tissues,respectively.There was a statistical significance of positive rate pf E-cad expression between lung cancer tissues and pars-cancer tissues or diatal tissues(X2=6.70,24.30,7.68,P＜0.01).Conclusions The study showed that transcription of CDH1 mRNA would be silenced by hypermethylation of CDH1 promoter,resulting in the decreased expression of E-cad.The aberrant hypermethylation of E-cad is implicated in lung cancer.

Objective To explore the value of three-dimensional DSA (3D-DSA) in displaying the location of the origin of uterine artery.Methods A total of 90 female patients underwent uterine artery (UA) embolization were enrolled.The bilateral internal iliac artery catheterization were performed by 3D-DSA,then the images were reconstructed in every 5 degree interval to choose the optimum range of viewing angle.The origination and the degree of the origin artery and UA were calculated.The distance between the origin of UA and superior glutea artery which was identified as the locating point was measured.Results Bilateral and contralateral oblique position of ＞30°-60°were the optimal projection positions of UA.Totally 64.44％ (116/180) of UA originated from the anterior trunk of internal iliac artery,18.33％ (33/180) originated from the inferior gluteal trunk,9.44 ％ (17 / 180) originated from the internal pundenal artery,5.56 ％ (10 / 180) originated from internal iliac artery,and 2.22％ (4/180) originated from the superior gluteal artery;10.56％ (19/180) of the angle of the origin artery and UA were 0-30°,38.89％ (70/180) were ＞30°-60°,41.11％ (74/180) were ＞60°-90°,4.44％ (8/180) were＞90°-120°,2.78％ (5/180) were＞120°-150°,2.22％ (4/180) were＞150°-180°.Distance between the origin of UA and superior gluteal artery was 3.04-18.31 mm,average was (11.71±4.28)mm.Conclusion 3D-DSA can clearly display the origination,viewing angle and the distance away from superior gluteal artery.

Objective To explore the correlation of E-cadherin(E-cad) mRNA expression with tumorigenesis and development of lung cancer.Methods The relative quantitative nested RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of E-cad mRNA in cancerous tissues,adjacent and distal tissues of tumor from 50 lung cancer patients,and non-cancerous benign lung tissues from 5 lung disorder patients.Results The means of expression rate of E-cad mRNA in cancerous tissue,adjacent and distal tissues of tumor,and non-cancerous tissues were 1.33?0.53,1.65?0.60,2.01?0.46 and 2.09?0.09 respectively.The data were evaluated by analysis of variance.There were significant difference among cancerous tissue,adjacent and distal tissue(F=18.810,P0.05).Also,there were no significant differences among squamous cell carcinoma,adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma in the group of cancerous,adjacent and distal tissue.Conclusion The reduced expression of E-cadherin mRNA may play important role for tumorigenesis and development of lung cancer,and there was no evident relationship of E-cad mRNA with different pathological types of lung cancer.

China ; Data Systems ; Humans ; Radiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Thyroid Nodule ; Ultrasonography/methods* ; United States