The relationship between neuronal inflammatory changes and extensive neurodegeneration in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains to be studied.Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that energy depletion due to the impairment of effective oxygen metabolism and oxygen supply defects may be one of the causes of neurodegeneration.In this paper,the pathologic mechanism of MS related to energy failure and associated MRI imaging techniques were reviewed.

Congenital nephrotic syndrome,the common cause of end stage renal disease in chidren,is a rare kidney disorder.With the advanced molecular biology,much progress have been made in its etiology,diagnosis and treatment.This paper will mainly focus on its classification,diagnosis and therapy.

The relationships between 105 bacterial counts of subeschar tissue of 40 burn cases and the success of failure of skin autografting are analysed in the present article.Data showed that the success rate of skin grafting was only 94.72% when there was no subeschar bacterial growth, and 90% even while the bacterial count of subeschar tissue reached 1010.This suggests that there are many factors influencing the success or failure of skin grafting.The bacterial count of subeschar tissue is one but not an unique determining factor .Therefore, it can not be used as a predicting factor of success or failure of skin grafting.The notion that subeschar bacterial count of 106 is a watershed of success or failure of skin grafting may lead to its misunderstanding for a contriandiction of skin grafting.Thereby the active treat- ment of local burn Woun wound will be influenced .This problem needs further deliberation.

The early changes in microcirculation of burns are of significant pathophsi-ologic importance. The experimental use of cimetidine, an antagonist of histamine H2-receptor, demonstrated its better effectiveness against the changes in microva-scular permeability. No observations on blood flowing state were made. The post-burn adherence of White blood cells to venules were noted recently by Eriksson, which was considered as a pathophysiologic mechanism of postburn tissue edema.A 20% body surface area third degree burn is produced in rats, which is designed an experimental model for observation of the changes in mesenteric microcirculation and a comparative relationship between the adherence of white blood cells and the tissue water content, a comparative therapeutic effect of early resuscitation with Ringer's lactate solution and the results of blood flow in microcirculation, adherence of white blood cells, and aggregation of red blood cells obtained by administration of cimtldine.The chief findings of mesentery microcirculation of burned rat are venule dilatation with progressive slowing and sludging of blood flow; preipheral rotation and adherence of white blood cells; progressive aggregation of red blood cells. No edema is found by measuring water content of remote tissue, better therapeutic effects are shown both by resuscitation of fluid and administration of cimetidine, with the former in predeminanee. The present study indicates:1.Hypovolemia caused by postburn fluid loss and venule dilatation is a major factor leading to worsening of microcircuration blood flow. In order to maintain normal flow state, to assure abetter tissue perfusion, the administration of cimetidine associated with fluid resuscitation may be beneficial.2.Low flow state of microcirculation is the underlying cause, but not the only one of adherence of white blood cells postburn.3.Adherence of white blood cells within venules does not lead to tissue edema, it is, therefore, not the cause of remote tissue edema. The point of view of Eriksson merites further discussion.4.The problems of aggregation of red blood cells and remote unburned tissue edema are also discussed in the present artical. The primary danger of aggregation of red blood cells is to make worsen of the microcirculation, which aggravates the deficiency of blood and oxygen; timely correction of hypovolumia is a preventive measure of primary importance. The experimental model revealed that if no fluid is administered, some, then shows slightly mild dehydration. This might probably be due to the compensatory responce of the remote area to hemoconcen-tration.

0.05),There were 2 cases of nausea and one case of vomit in Lornoxicam group,as compared with 8 cases of nausea and 4 cases of vomit in Tramadol group.The number of nausea is 2 vs 8(P

Objective:To observe the effects of blind nasal intubation in maxillofacial anesthesia.Methods:The effects of 1000 cases with blind nasal intubation under NLA were analyzed.Results:The results showed that 736 cases(73.5%) were intubated within 10 minutes,212 cases(21.2%)within 11～20minutes and 45 cases(4.5%) within 21～30 minutes and only 7 patients(0.8%) were obliged to receive tracheostomy.There were neither obvious adverse effects of the cardiovascular system during intubation nor postoperative memory of the intubation in all patients.Conclusion:The results suggest that blind nasotracheal intubation is an useful and safe technique for maxillofacial surgery.

In this study, 119 adult wistar rats were used, and divided into four groups (control group, burn group, burn-cimetidine treatment group and burn-ranitidine reatment grup). 20% TBSA full thickness burn was produced by immersion of the clipped back of the rat in 100℃ boiling water for 15s. The rats of the control group were immersed in 37℃ water for 15 s. In the treatment groups, the animals were treated with cimetidine (0.1 mg/g) or ranitidine (0.05 mg/g) intraperitoneally every 12 h, respectively. All animals were given fluid therapy according to the TBSA and body weight. In the animals treated with cimetidine or ranitidine, the H+ concentration of gastric juice was greatly decreased as compared with that of the burn group (P

Many cardiac sympathetic changes occur before clinical symptoms being found in heart disease.PET/CT imaging can sensitively detect abnormal cardiac sympathetic nerve function.The recent development of several 11 C and 18F labeled cardiac sympathetic imaging agents is reviewed in this paper.11C-meta-hydroxyephedrine (11 C-HED) and 6-18F-fluorodopamine (18F-FDA) have been comprehensively studied already.N-11C-CH3-dopamine (11C-MDA) and N-(3-bromo-4-(3-18F-fluoropropoxy)-benzyl)-guanidine (18F-LMI1195) are novel imaging agents with potential for clinical application.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of invigorating the spleen promoting blood flow and removing stasis therapy on hypertension .Methods 104 subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups :control group ,including 52 cases ,which was treated by Benalapril and treatment group ,including 52 cases ,which was treated by Benalapril and herbs ,with a course of 4 weeks .The clinical symptom score ,blood rheology were observed .Results The total effective rate was 92 .31% in treatment group ,which was higher than that in control group ,whose effective rate was 76 .92% (P<0 .05);Improvement of the clinical symptoms and blood rheology were better in treatment group than in control group(P<0 .01) .Conclusion This therapy is quite effective for hyperten-sion and can reduce blood lipid and improve blood rheology .

The application value of molecular image segmentation in molecular image technology is introduced especially in results analysis, motion analysis, 3D visualization, and other follow-up operation, and image guided surgery, oncology radiation therapy, therapeutic assessment. It gives an overview on molecular image segmentation of the main methods (Artificial Neural Networks, Snake, etc.), development trends, topics, the assessment of such issues and discussion.