[Objective] To explore the characteristics and achievements of YU Chang'sYuyi Grassin treating typhoid disease. [Method] Based on studying, thinking and analysing theYuyi Grass, combined with related literature research, it summed up the YU Chang characteristics and achievements in treating typhoid disease. [Results] YU Chang treating typhoid fever syndrome had accuracy differentiation, forcefully rectifying children with typhoid fever being mistaken for the fallacies of present concern of charlotte, fine solution of typhoid rehabilitation treatment; slow treatment for typhoid critical patients, illustrating the appropriate use of ginseng theory for typhoid fever, having the original opinion in such use. [Conclusion] The Yuyi Grass treating typhoid disease has rich experience and unique achievements. These insights and achievement in learning by using the theory of Treatise on Febrile Disease for treating typhoid disease have important guiding significance in Chinese medicine clinic.

Objective To study the related factors of operating on Pilon bone fracture.Methods 35 cases with tibial Pilon fracture treated operative,according to the Reedi-Allgower were divided the type,Ⅱ type 15 examples,Ⅲ type 20 example.14 cases were treated with open redcution and inter fixation plate and screws and 11 cases were treated with open reduced minimal and exter fixation that cast.Results According to Mazur's grade system treatment was evaluated may in 28 cases,18 cases of which were type Ⅱ racture and 10 cases type Ⅲ fracture poor in 7 cases,2 cases of which were type Ⅱ fracture and 2 cases type Ⅲ fracture.Conclusion The curative effect with fracture type,repla-cement mass and operation time are relative in tibial Pilon fracture.

The 6.5kb specific fragment containing the T7 promoter and the transcription vector was cut down from the full-length cDNA clone of Newcastle disease virus strain ZJI of goose origin,and thereafter it was self-ligated to form the high guality plasmid for mutagenesis.Site-directed mutagenesis technique was used for inserting three additional G nucleotides(nts) into the region between the T7 promter and the leader sequence of the NDV.The RT-PCR was employed to amplify the F/HN genes fragements,and then they were ligated by the shairing restriction enzyme BsmBI and finally the corresponding fragment in the mutatant full-length cDNA was substituted by the new one.The sequencing results showed that the three additional G nts were successfully inserted and the mutant nts in the full-length cDNA were corrected and all these studies lay a foundation for the research on the reverse genetics of NDV strain ZJI.

Objective:To explore differences of graphic,phonological and semantic priming in Chinese character recognition between dyslexic children and normal children.Method:A priming paradigm was used to facilitate subjects to complete a lexical decision task.The differences of reaction time,priming effect and error rate between dyslexic children and normal children were analyzed.Results:The baseline adjusted facilitations of graphic,phonological and semantic priming in character recognition in dyslexic children were-0.010,-0.010,and 0.001 respectively.The dyslexic children even showed inhibition in graphic and phonological prime conditions.For the age control group the facilitations under the three prime conditions were 0.026,0.026 and 0.022.As for the reading level control group,results were 0.062,0.058 and 0.031 respectively.The differences of priming effects between dyslexic children and normal children were significant,especially in graphic and phonological priming conditions.The possible order of the three priming effects(from high to low)was:graphic,phonological and semantic.The interactions between reading ability and priming were not significant.Conclusion:Results from the present study suggest that there is a general deficit in graphic and phonological processing in character recognition in Chinese dyslexic children.This phenomenon can be interpreted by the connectionist model.

Usage of the fruit and bark of a Melia-family plant as a digestive tract-parasiticide and agricultural insecticide was recorded about two thousant years ago in ancient China. Toosendanin (TSN), a triterpenoid, is an effectual ingredient extracted from the plant. Studies have demonstrated that TSN selectively affects neurotransmitter release, effectively antagonizes botulism, induces cell differentiation and apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of various human cancer cells, inhibits feeding and dovelopment in insects and modifies K+- and Ca2+-channel activity. The research data to demonstrate that TSN inhibits K+-channel and facilitates L-type Ca2+-channel are summarized, and the mechanism of action of TSN is discussed.

Objective To investigate the employment pressure among graduates from nursing school,and explore influencing factors,in order to make suggestions on education management,career guidance and psychological intervention.Methods Students graduated from Nanyang Medical College in 2012 who majored in nursing and nursing graduates from Nanyang Institute of Technology were surveyed with medical students employment pressure questionnaire designed by DU Tian-jiao from China Medical University.SPSS13.0 was used to establish database and analyze data.Results The total employment pressure of all students was M=3.2.Seven stressors scores from high to level were:post requirements,social environment,family support,personal qualities,the school effect,professional requirements,and career guidance.Multiple regression analysis showed that whether or not the student leaders,different sources and the education background were the influencing factors of employment pressure.Conclusions This research suggests that different psychological intervention should be given to students majored in different specialty and sources in order to release employment pressure and anxiety.

As an energy dependent membrane transporter, P-GP highly expresses in the organs which have the function of barrier and secretory.In the brain, P-GP mainly expresses in the cerebral vascular endothelial cells of blood brain barrier.In the state of brain injury diseases ( such as epilepsy and cerebral ischemia) , P-GP appears in the hippocampus, cortex and striatum of rat brain.At cellular level, it mainly exists in the cerebral vascular endo-thelial cells and also overexpresses in the neurons and glial cells.

AIM:To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract 761(Egb761)on synaptophysin(SYN)expression in hippocampus of vascular dementia(VD)rats.METHODS:VD rat models,established by repeatedly cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,were randomly divided into two groups:model group and EGb761 treated group(both n=30),and another 30 condition-matched rats were selected as the sham-operated controls.Spatial learning and memory abilities of rats were assessed by Morris water maze(MWM)task,and SYN expression in hippocampal formation of rats in different groups was detected by immunohistochemical technique and image analysis.RESULTS:The MWM escape latency(EL)in model group was highly longer than that in the sham-operated group(P

AIM:To observe the dynamic changes of synapsin I expression and its phosphorylation in hippocampus in vascular dementia(VD)rats.METHODS:Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group(n=40)and VD model group(n=40),and the latter were established by repeatedly clipping the common carotid arteries with an intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside solution in anesthetized condition.The synaptic ultrastructural changes in hippocampal CA1 region and the expression levels of synapsinⅠ and phosphorylated synapsinⅠin hippocampus were observed by TEM and immunohistochemical staining method respectively in both sham-operated group and VD model group at 15 d,1 month,2 months and 4 months time points.RESULTS:No obviously pathological changes to CA1 area synapse were found in SO group.In model group rats,synaptic circa membrane ambiguity and fusion,synaptic circa membrane structure decreased the postsynaptic density,reduced synaptic vesicles and vesicle cluster.Above pathological changes became gradually severe along with the time prolongation after model-making operation.Compared with sham-operated group,the expression of synapsin I significantly reduced in CA1 region(P0.05)in model group was observed.The number of p-synapsin I positive neurons in DG and hippocampal CA1 region was less in model group than that in sham-operated group(P0.05).CONCLUSION:The damaged synaptic structure and depressed expression of synapsin I and its phosphorylation in presynaptic parts of hippocampus induced by repeatedly cerebral ischemia/reperfusion may contribute to the synaptic transmission disorders,especially the presynaptic disorder which may be one of the important pathogenesis of the initiation and development in vascular dementia rats.

Objective: To assess the difference of priming effect in visual picture categorizing task between dyslexic children and normal children.Methods: Twenty-five dyslexic children and 50 control subjects(25 matched with chronological age and 25 matched with reading level) completed a masked picture priming experiment of pictorial stimuli.On each trial,a masked prime picture was briefly displayed.The participants were required to classify target stimuli as animal or nonanimal.Priming effect and response error rate between dyslexic children and normal children was analyzed.Results: The adjusted facilitation of congruent pairs of dyslexic children was 0.061,and the two controlled groups were 0.057 and 0.064 respectively.The differences between dyslexic children and controlled groups were not significant.Conclusion: Dyslexic children do not exhibit significant deficit in general object picture's features processing.