Objective To explore the effect of the level of 1,25-Dihydroxy Cholecalciferol in 30 cases of children with endogenous hyperphosphatemia. Methods Using fasting blood and OLPUMS AU400, determination of phosphorus by Phosphomolybdate ultraviolet France, determination of serum calcium by methyl thymol blue spectrophotometry (MTB) colorimetric, Determination of 1,25 (OH)2D3 levels in 30 cases of high-phosphorus blood group and 30 cases of normal serum phosphate group by Ydioimmunoassay. Results The phosphorus and calcium phosphate product in hyperphosphatemia group is significantly higher than the normal serum phosphate group. The difference is statistically significant. The calcium is slightly lower than the normal serum phosphate in hyperphosphatemia group, The difference is not significant ( P > 0. 05 ). The 1,25 (OH)2D3 of hyperphosphatemia group is significantly lower than the normal serum phosphate group. The difference ia statistically significant( P < 0. 01 ). Conclusion Hyperphosphatemia can inhibit the synthesis of 1,25 (OH)2D3.

Objective To study the relationship between B-type natriuretic peptide and Tei index in elderly patients with heart failure(HF). Methods The plasma BNP levels in elderly patients with HF( n = 65 ) and normal control group(n=30) were measured;at one time, series of ultrasonic parameters were measured by the color Doppler ultrasound,counting up Tei index. Results The plasma BNP levels and Tei index in elderly patients with HF were significantly higher than those in control group (P＜0. 01 ), with NYHA cardiac function classification aggravating,they were significantly higher by levels(P＜0. 01 ) ; the plasma BNP levels were positively related to Tei index(r=0. 517, P＜0. 05). Conclusion Plasma BNP levels and Tei index can be used as clinical indicators to determine the serious degree of elderly HF, and they have good correlation.

Objective To establish the animal model of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM to observe the long-term effect of maternal hyperglycemia and postnatal overfeeding on the metabolism of offsprings. Methods Streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg) was administered to Wistar rats intraperitoneally on the 5th day of gestation to induce animal GDM model. Offsprings were allocated into 3 groups: Group CP (n=8) were exposed to normal maternal hyperglycemic environment, group DP-1 (n=8) exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia and every 8 pups breast-fed by one GMD mother and group DP-2 exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia and every 4 pups breast-fed by one GDM mother (n=8). Weight gain between 3-10 weeks were recorded, OGTT at 10 weeks and hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia clamp technique was performed, and plasma insulin level was measured by ELISA at 11 weeks. Results Offsprings in DP-1 and DP-2 group had greater weight gain than group CP at 3-10 weeks after birth [(6.68±1.70)% and (6.03±1.85)% vs (4. 74±0.93)%, P< 0. 05], but no difference was found among the three groups in OGTT results (P> 0. 05). The baseline plasma insulin level was lower in the DP-1 group than in the DP-2 and CP group [(0. 76± 0. 37)μg/L vs (1.13±0. 25)μg/L and (1.06±0. 14)μg/L](P<0. 05). GIR60-120 was higher in DP-1 Offsprings of Wistar rats, exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia, experience excessive weight gain at 3-10 weeks after birth. Overfeeding in early life expedites the decrease of insulin sensitivity in these offspings.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility to detect Prototheca in a mouse model of Prototheca zopfii cutaneous infection by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).Methods The model of Prototheca zopfii cutaneous infection was established by abdominal subcutaneous inoculation of Prototheca zopfii suspensions into 20 male BALB/c mice.Seven days after the inoculation,the mice were sacrificed,and tissue specimens were obtained from abdominal skin and subjected to microscopic examination,fungal culture and paraffin embedding.A PZ-probe was artificially synthesized and used to detect Prototheca in paraffin-embedded sections by using FISH.Moreover,both periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were performed to examine the paraffin-embedded sections.Skin specimens obtained from normal mice and Candida albicans-or Cryptococcus neoformans-infected mice served as the negative control.Results Clinical presentations,pathological examination and fungal culture results all confirmed the successful establishment of Prototheca zopfii skin infection model in mice.Prototheca was identified by FISH with the PZ-probe in the paraffin-embedded skin tissue sections from the murine model of Prototheca zopfii cutaneous infection,but not detected in the negative control tissue specimens,which was consistent with the results of PAS and HE staining.Conclusion FISH can be used to detect Prototheca in paraffin-embedded skin sections from the mouse model of Prototheca zopfii cutaneous infection.

Objective To study the effect of intrauterine hyperglycemia on leptin level and offspring development in rats.Methods Female and male adult Wistar rats were mated,streptozotocin (STZ,50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on 5th day of gestation to induce diabetic model,diabetic pups (DP) were exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia;control pups(CP) were exposed to controls,which was injected with citrate buffer,8 pups were choosed from each group.Weight gain between 3-10 weeks were recorded.Plasma leptin was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) when the rats were 11 weeks old,and the expression of leptin receptor in hypothalamus was measured at protein level by histomorphology and mRNA level measured by realtime PCR[expressed with integral absorbance(IA)]in 11weeks in order to discuss the relation of leptin and offspring development.Results The fasting blood glucose level was significantly higher in diabetic mother compared with the controls[(28.3±5.1) mmol/Lvs.(6.3±1.4) mmol/L,P＜0.05].However,there was no difference between the fasting blood glucose level in DP group and CP group[(5.1±0.8) mmol/L vs.(5.3± 0.6) mmol/L,P ＞ 0.05].The growth rate between 3-10 weeks was significantly higher in DP group 649.7% than CP group 479.2%,P ＜0.05.The base insulin level was lower in DP group[(0.76±0.37) μg/L vs.(1.06±0.14)μg/L,P ＜ 0.05];while there was no difference in plasma leptin and the expression of ieptin receptor in hypothalamns[(113±37) μg/L vs.(128±40) μg/L,P ＞0.05].The growth rate was not associated with plasma leptin in DP group (r=-0.501,P=0.311) but associated in CP group (r=-0.553,P=0.001).The protein level of DP group (4125±414) did not significantly differ from that of CP group (4244±511).The median of mRNA of leptin receptor in hypothalamus in DP group did not altered significantly compared with that of CP group(1.25 vs 1.80,P＞0.05).Conclusions Intrauterine hyperglycemia accelerated growth rate of offsprings between 3 and 10 weeks,however,plasma leptin was not discreased,which indicated leptin resistance.Intrauterine hyperglycemia did not influence the expression of leptin receptor in hypopthalamus in offsprings,this suggested the leptin resistance may be not caused by the quantity of leptin receptors.

Deep vein thrombosis is the common complication of trafifc injury , it is one of the dififculties of forensic identiifcation to identify disability grade and the relationship between injury and disease. When post-thrombotic syndrome happens, circulatory system and leg will be dysfunction, caused by the destruction of valve and venous wall and by the blockage of thrombus. The quality of life and working ability will be seriously affected. The impact of different types of deep vein thrombosis on human body was analysised after looking up relevant literatures, then it was discussed that the identiifcation of following questions including: the relationship between injury and disease, how to identify disability grade and it’s best time.

Objective To evaluate the urodynamic outcome after bladder augmentation using double de-epithelialized segment of small intestine lined with urothelium. Methods Twenty-five children with neurogenical bladder (age range,4 to 14 years;16 males and 9 females) underwent bladder augmentation using de-epithelialized segment of small intestine lined with urothelium.Pre- and post-operative voiding cystoureterography,urodynamic and clinical evaluation were performed on them.Of them 21 cases were followed up for 6 to 24 months after operation. Results Bladder volume was increased from pre-operative (142.14?45.88)ml to post-operative (242.62?60.04) ml,compliance from (3.26?1.57) ml/cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa) to(8.10?3.00)ml/cmH 2O,and maximum urine flow rate from (3.00?1.00) ml/s to (7.60?2.90)ml/s,respectively(P

0.05) before treatment. After treatment, the hearing thresholds were recovered in 21 ears, signifi-cantly improved in 8 ears, improved in 4 ears and not changed in 2 ears in the DM group. In placebo group, the hearing threshold was recovered in 6 ears, signifi-cantly improved in 9 ears, improved in 15ears and not changed in 6 ears after treatment. There was a signifi-cant difference in the level of hearing improvement be-tween the DM group and the placebo group(x2=13.49, P

Objective To observe the time of occurance,morphologic characteristics,and development of the retinal neurons' apoptosis of the early phase indiabetic rats. Design Experimental study. Participants Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods In 36 male SD rats of 8-week old,18 were diabetic models induced by streptozotocin injection,and 18 normal ones as control. Each group were subdivided into 3 groups (each group,n=6),in which the rats were sacrificed at 4,8 and 12 weeks,respectively. The pathological change of the retina,and the retinal neurons ultrastructure were observed. Apoptosis of the retinal neurons was also examined by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end label (TUNEL) assay. Main Outcome Measures The pathological retinal structure,the ultrastructure of retinal neurons,and the apoptosis of the retinal neurons in each group. Results No obvious structural changes of retina were found pathologically in diabetic rats of 4-week and 8-week,comparing with age-matched control group. However decreased retinal ganglion cell number and thinner inner nuclear layer were observed in diabetic rats of 12 weeks. Apoptosis defined by electron microscope,including cell shrinkage,reduced cell volume,chromatin margination and nuclear shrinkage and collapse,was found in each subgroup of diabetic rats. Apoptosis in the retinal ganglion cells layer and the inner nuclear layer was dominant. The apoptosis of the retinal neurons by TUNEL assay occurred at 4 weeks after onset of diabetes,and the number of the apoptosis neurons increased at 8 and 12 weeks in diabetic rats,the apoptosis neurons mainly located in the retinal ganglion cells layer and the inner nuclear layer. Conclusion Apoptosis of the retinal neurons occurred at 4 weeks after onset of diabetes and the degree of the apoptosis was correlated with the process of disease in rat model.

Objective To investigate the effect of calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP) on the expression of cyclic AMP response element binding protein(CREB) mRNA in rat hippocampus and parietal cortex during focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion(I/R). Methods Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was induced by occluding of the right middle cerebral artery using the intraluminal suture method.Hybridization in situ experiment was used to detect the expression of CREB mRNA in the ipsilateral hippocampal CA1 region and parietal cortex during different reperfusion periods.The positive product of CREB mRNA was analyzed by image analysis system. Results There was a distinct expression of CREB mRNA in right hippocampal CA1 region and parietal cortex in sham group.The absorbency of CREB mRNA positive product reduced in I/R group as compared to sham group,while it increased in CGRP group than I/R group(P