Infectious pneumonia caused by bacteria,viruses,or other pathogenic microorganisms remains a huge threat to human health.Immunocyte-derived biomimetic nano-drug delivery systems can be used for drug delivery by taking advantage of the natural anti-inflammatory effect of immune cells and thus show great potential in lung-targeted therapy.This review begins by introducing different types of immune cells in the lung.The preparation methods of immunocyte-derived biomimetic nano-drug delivery systems and their applications in bacterial pneumonia,viral pneumonia,acute respiratory distress syndrome and cytokine storms are also reviewed.The review is expected to provide data for the targeted therapy of infectious pneumonia.

Objective:To conduct evidence synthesis on disease communication between parents and their minor children from the perspective of parents with cancer, so as to provide information for clinical healthcare providers to deliver improved health education to patients and their children.Methods:Computer retrieval was implemented in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data. The search period was from January 1, 2000 to March 6, 2025. The literature was assessed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Assessment Criteria for Qualitative Research. The JBI aggregative integration method was employed for the Meta-synthesis.Results:A total of nine articles were included. Thirty-two results were extracted, divided into ten categories, and integrated into five results, namely willingness to communicate illness, factors influencing communicating willingness, disease communication strategies, supporting children's coping, and perceptions of illness information.Conclusions:Disease communication between cancer parents and their minor children is influenced by multiple factors and exhibits complex diversity. Healthcare providers should fully understand and accurately recognize the distinct approaches of parents with cancer, offering guidance, advice, and encouragement whenever possible, and should dynamically provide timely medical support and assistance tailored to the evolving needs of patients throughout different stages of their disease treatment.

Objective:To conduct evidence synthesis on disease communication between parents and their minor children from the perspective of parents with cancer, so as to provide information for clinical healthcare providers to deliver improved health education to patients and their children.Methods:Computer retrieval was implemented in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data. The search period was from January 1, 2000 to March 6, 2025. The literature was assessed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Assessment Criteria for Qualitative Research. The JBI aggregative integration method was employed for the Meta-synthesis.Results:A total of nine articles were included. Thirty-two results were extracted, divided into ten categories, and integrated into five results, namely willingness to communicate illness, factors influencing communicating willingness, disease communication strategies, supporting children's coping, and perceptions of illness information.Conclusions:Disease communication between cancer parents and their minor children is influenced by multiple factors and exhibits complex diversity. Healthcare providers should fully understand and accurately recognize the distinct approaches of parents with cancer, offering guidance, advice, and encouragement whenever possible, and should dynamically provide timely medical support and assistance tailored to the evolving needs of patients throughout different stages of their disease treatment.

Objective To identify key genes and potential therapeutic drugs associated with Alzheimer's disease(AD)based on microglial senescence using bioinformatics analysis,providing new targets and insights for AD diagnosis and treatment.Methods Gene expression datasets related to microglial senescence and AD,specifically GSE62420 and GSE74615,were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.Differential Expressed Genes(DEGs)were identified using R software.Functional enrichment analysis,including gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis,was performed using the DAVID online tool.The STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,and the CytoHubba plugin in Cytoscape software was applied to identify hub genes.The differential expression of hub genes was validated using the GSE129296 and GSE208386 datasets.Potential therapeutic drugs targeting these genes were predicted using the DSigDB database.Results A total of 35 DEGs,including 34 upregulated and 1 downregulated gene,were identified from the intersection of the GSE74615 and GSE62420 datasets.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that these DEGs were significantly involved in gene expression regulation,protein binding,metal ion binding,and the hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1)signaling pathway.PPI network analysis and CytoHubba screening identified ten hub genes:HIF1A,secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1),integrin alpha X(ITGAX),triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells(TREM2),glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B(GPNMB),anexelekto receptor tyrosine kinase(AXL),Cystatin F(CST7),interleukin-12B(IL12B)、lipoprteinlipase(LPL)and fatty acid-binding protein 5(FABP5).Validation using the GSE129296 dataset showed that HIF1A,SPP1,ITGAX,TREM2,GPNMB,AXL,CST7 and FABP5 were significantly upregulated in microglia of AD mice,and the differences were statistically significant(t=8.411～29.49,all P<0.05).Further validation using the GSE208386 dataset indicated that LPL,SPP1,AXL and CST7 were significantly upregulated during microglial senescence,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.755～5.964,all P<0.05).Based on these validation results,SPP1,AXL and CST7 were identified as key genes in AD.Drug prediction analysis using DSigDB revealed that potential therapeutic compounds targeting these genes exhibit anti-aging,anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory and DNA damage repair effects.Conclusion The key genes SPP1,AXL and CST7,identified based on microglial senescence,may serve as potential biomarkers for AD.Furthermore,multiple potential therapeutic drugs were predicted,offering new targets and strategies for AD diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To identify key genes and potential therapeutic drugs associated with Alzheimer's disease(AD)based on microglial senescence using bioinformatics analysis,providing new targets and insights for AD diagnosis and treatment.Methods Gene expression datasets related to microglial senescence and AD,specifically GSE62420 and GSE74615,were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.Differential Expressed Genes(DEGs)were identified using R software.Functional enrichment analysis,including gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis,was performed using the DAVID online tool.The STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,and the CytoHubba plugin in Cytoscape software was applied to identify hub genes.The differential expression of hub genes was validated using the GSE129296 and GSE208386 datasets.Potential therapeutic drugs targeting these genes were predicted using the DSigDB database.Results A total of 35 DEGs,including 34 upregulated and 1 downregulated gene,were identified from the intersection of the GSE74615 and GSE62420 datasets.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that these DEGs were significantly involved in gene expression regulation,protein binding,metal ion binding,and the hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1)signaling pathway.PPI network analysis and CytoHubba screening identified ten hub genes:HIF1A,secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1),integrin alpha X(ITGAX),triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells(TREM2),glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B(GPNMB),anexelekto receptor tyrosine kinase(AXL),Cystatin F(CST7),interleukin-12B(IL12B)、lipoprteinlipase(LPL)and fatty acid-binding protein 5(FABP5).Validation using the GSE129296 dataset showed that HIF1A,SPP1,ITGAX,TREM2,GPNMB,AXL,CST7 and FABP5 were significantly upregulated in microglia of AD mice,and the differences were statistically significant(t=8.411～29.49,all P<0.05).Further validation using the GSE208386 dataset indicated that LPL,SPP1,AXL and CST7 were significantly upregulated during microglial senescence,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.755～5.964,all P<0.05).Based on these validation results,SPP1,AXL and CST7 were identified as key genes in AD.Drug prediction analysis using DSigDB revealed that potential therapeutic compounds targeting these genes exhibit anti-aging,anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory and DNA damage repair effects.Conclusion The key genes SPP1,AXL and CST7,identified based on microglial senescence,may serve as potential biomarkers for AD.Furthermore,multiple potential therapeutic drugs were predicted,offering new targets and strategies for AD diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To study the properties and antimicrobial activity of the novel self-assembled antimicrobial peptide(AMP)CR-16,and to provide experimental evidence for the treatment of bacterial infections.Methods CR-16 was designed and synthesized based on the structure of antimicrobial peptides Buforin Ⅱ and LfcinB.Dynamic light scattering(DLS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)were used to characterize CR-16.Based on the results of critical micelle concentration(CMC),the self-assembled properties of CR-16 were investigated using atomic force microscopy(AFM)and circular dichroism(CD).The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)was used to study the inhibitory effect of CR-16 while transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was adopted to observe the interactions between CR-16 and the outer membrane of bacteria.Results AMP CR-16 was prepared as self-assemblies,which were regularly spherical in shape and stable in activity.CR-16 could inhibit both the growth of Escherichia coli and,more importantly,the growth of NDM-1-producing carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli,promising good prospects in treating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.Conclusion CR-16 can be self-assembled and deliver antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli.

Objective To enhance the photostability of colchicine(COL)for sustained-release COL pellets.Methods The degradation was investigated by studying the photochemical degradation kinetics of COL.The impact of such physical properties of the photostabilizers as the type,color,dosage,and position on the photostability of COL in sustained-release pellets was also evaluated.Results The contents of photochemical degradation products did not increase after 10 days of light exposure to sustained-release COL pellets with red iron oxide of 4％(w/w)as the protective layer.Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that use of iron oxide as a photostabilizer in sustained-release COL pellets can significantly reduce the photochemical degradation of COL in the pellets.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition. Natural products have gained traction in AD treatment due to their accessibility, low toxicity, and favorable pharmacological properties. However, their application is primarily constrained by poor solubility, instability, and limited permeability. The transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) offers potential solutions for transdermal delivery, enhanced penetration, improved efficacy, and reduced toxicity of natural drugs, aligning with the requirements of modern AD treatment. This review examines the application of hydrogels, microneedles (MNs), liposomes, nanoemulsions, and other TDDS-carrying natural products in AD treatment, with a primary focus on their effects on penetration and accumulation in the skin. The aim is to provide valuable insights into the treatment of AD and other dermatological conditions.
Animals ; Humans ; Administration, Cutaneous ; Biological Products/pharmacokinetics* ; Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy* ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Hydrogels/chemistry* ; Skin/metabolism* ; Skin Absorption

AIM:To explore the impact of histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2(HINT2)on atheroscle-rosis(AS),and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms.METHODS:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)were isolated from patients with chest pain and induced to differentiate into macrophages for assessing HINT2 expression.In vitro,RAW264.7 mouse macrophages were cultured to evaluate inflammatory cytokine levels and cell death in superna-tants.An apolipoprotein E gene knockout(apoE-/-)mouse model of AS was developed to analyze plaque formation,lipid metabolism and macrophage foaminess in the aortic root.Pyroptosis-related protein expression in cultured RAW264.7 cells and the aorta of apoE-/-mice was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot.RESULTS:Significantly reduced HINT2 expression was observed in PBMCs from patients with acute coronary syndrome,which was negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory and positively correlated with anti-inflammatory serum factors,suggesting HINT2's potential role in mitigating AS-related inflammation.In vitro experiments demonstrated that HINT2 overexpression inhibited lipid accumu-lation and foam cell formation in macrophages induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL).It also reduced se-cretion of inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-1β,IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α,and de-creased cell death and pyroptosis-related protein expression.In vivo experiments in apoE-/-mice confirmed that HINT2 overexpression lessened plaque burden in the aortic root,reduced macrophage foaminess,and inhibited the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),caspase-1,gasdermin D(GSDMD),IL-1β and IL-18.CONCLUSION:HINT2 potentially inhibits ox-LDL-induced macrophage pyroptosis,attenuates inflammatory responses in AS,and may slow the progression of this disease.

The administration of nanoparticles (NPs) first faces the challenges of evading renal filtration and clearance of reticuloendothelial system (RES). After that, NPs infiltrate through the expanded endothelial space and penetrated the dense stroma of tumor microenvironment to tumor cells. As long as possible to prolong the time of NPs remaining in tumor tissue, NPs release active agent and induce pharmacological action. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the physical and chemical properties of NPs and the influence of various biological factors in tumor microenvironment, and discusses how to improve the final efficacy through adjusting the characteristics and structure of NPs. Perspectives and future directions are also provided.