Jiegengtang is a basic formula for treating sore throat and cough. By means of bibliometrics， this study conducted a textual research and analysis on the key information such as formula origin， decocting methods， and clinical application of Jiegengtang. After the research， it can be seen that Jiegengtang is firstly contained in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease， which is also known as Ganjietang， and it has been inherited and innovated by medical practitioners of various dynasties in later times. The origins of Chinese medicines in this formula is basically clear， Jiegeng is the dried roots of Platycodon grandiflorum， Gancao is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， the two medicines are selected raw products. The dosage is 27.60 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 13.80 g of Platycodonis Radix， decocted with 600 mL of water to 200 mL， taken warmly after meals， twice a day， 100 mL for each time. In ancient times， Jiegengtang was mainly used for treating Shaoyin-heat invasion syndrome， with cough and sore throat as its core symptoms. In modern clinical practice， Jiegengtang is mainly used for respiratory diseases such as pharyngitis， esophagitis， tonsillitis and lung abscess， especially for pharyngitis and lung abscess with remarkable efficacy. This paper can provide literature reference basis for the modern clinical application and new drug development of Jiegengtang.

Jiegengtang is a basic formula for treating sore throat and cough. By means of bibliometrics， this study conducted a textual research and analysis on the key information such as formula origin， decocting methods， and clinical application of Jiegengtang. After the research， it can be seen that Jiegengtang is firstly contained in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease， which is also known as Ganjietang， and it has been inherited and innovated by medical practitioners of various dynasties in later times. The origins of Chinese medicines in this formula is basically clear， Jiegeng is the dried roots of Platycodon grandiflorum， Gancao is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， the two medicines are selected raw products. The dosage is 27.60 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 13.80 g of Platycodonis Radix， decocted with 600 mL of water to 200 mL， taken warmly after meals， twice a day， 100 mL for each time. In ancient times， Jiegengtang was mainly used for treating Shaoyin-heat invasion syndrome， with cough and sore throat as its core symptoms. In modern clinical practice， Jiegengtang is mainly used for respiratory diseases such as pharyngitis， esophagitis， tonsillitis and lung abscess， especially for pharyngitis and lung abscess with remarkable efficacy. This paper can provide literature reference basis for the modern clinical application and new drug development of Jiegengtang.

[Objective] To conduct serological identification and molecular mechanism study on a ambiguous ABO blood group. [Methods] Standard serological techniques were used for the forward and reverse typing of ABO blood type. ABO gene coding and regulatory regions were analyzed by PCR after DNA extraction. Monoclonal sequencing was used to detect the haplotypes of the DNA sequence, and bioinformatics analysis was applied to predict the possible translation outcomes of the mutated DNA sequence. [Results] The sample’s red blood cells showed mixed field agglutination with anti-A, and the serum agglutinated with B cells, exhibiting serological characteristics of subtype A. Direct sequencing and monoclonal sequencing analysis of the ABO gene confirmed one allele as O02, the other had a c.27delC mutation compared with A102, which could cause the translation sequence to terminate prematurely at the 19th amino acids. Analysis and prediction suggested that the mutation might affect the function of the transferase through mechanisms such as shifting the initiation codon, altering the reading frame and affecting the splice sites. [Conclusion] This case is a rare A subtype caused by the c.27delC variation, and the impact on the glycosyltransferase may involve multiple mechanisms, which require further research and exploration.

Shengma Gegentang is one of the classic formulas in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （Second Batch）. This study reviewed ancient and modern literature and used literature tracing and bibliometric methods to analyze the historical evolution， efficacy， indications， dosage decoctions， and modern clinical disease spectrum of Shengma Gegentang. The results indicated that the earliest record of Shengma Gegentang can be found in the Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang of the Song dynasty， but its origin can be traced back to the Shaoyao Siwu Jiejitang in the Beiji Qianjin Yaofang of the Tang dynasty. The composition dosage of Shengma Gegentang is 413 g of Cimicifugae Rhizoma， 619.5 g of Puerariae Lobatae Radix， 413 g of Paeoniae Radix Alba， and 413 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， which are ground into coarse powder. Each dose is 12.39 g， and the amount of water added is 300 mL. 100 mL of solution is decocted and taken at the right time. The four drugs in the formula play the role of relieving exterior syndrome， penetrating pathogenic factors， and detoxicating together. Its indications are widely involved in internal medicine， pediatrics， surgery， ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology， obstetrics and gynecology， sexually transmitted diseases， and other diseases， such as measles， sores， acne， spots， surgical gangrene， red eyes， toothache， chancre， and fetal poison. The epidemic diseases treated by Shengma Gegentang are complicated， including rash， pox， macula， numbness， summer diarrhea， dysentery， sha disease， febrile symptoms， spring warmth， winter warmth， and cold pestilence. At the same time， it is a plague prevention formula. Although Shengma Gegentang has a wide range of indications， it cannot be separated from the pathogenic mechanism of evil Qi blocking the muscle surface and heat in the lungs and stomach. The modern clinical disease spectrum of Shengma Gegentang involves the ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology system， nervous system， pediatric-related diseases and syndromes， skin system， hepatobiliary system， and digestive system. It plays a key role in the treatment of epidemic diseases such as measles， chronic hepatitis B， dysentery， and tetanus.

Objectives: Premarital screening can reduce the risk of genetic disorders and sexually transmitted diseases by providing early detection before conception. College students represent a group of young adults with higher education who are approaching marriageable age. However, many students still lack a strong intention to undergo premarital screening in the future. Therefore, this study examines the factors influencing screening intentions among students at one of Indonesia’s leading universities, the State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design, with a total sample of 563 college students obtained through a multistage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and ordinal logistic regression was applied for hypothesis testing. Results: Among the 563 students, 97.0% indicated an intention to undergo premarital screening. The intention variable was classified into three levels: no/low (13.0%), moderate (43.5%), and high (43.5%). Ordinal logistic regression revealed that lower knowledge about premarital screening was significantly associated with a reduced intention to undergo screening (odds ratio [OR], 2.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 5.10). In addition, negative attitudes toward premarital screening (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.41 to 5.75), negative attitudes toward premarital screening (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.37), and being enrolled in a non-health-related field of study (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.68) were significantly linked to lower screening intentions. Conclusions Comprehensive premarital health education is essential for young adults, even those with a high level of formal education. Such education not only improves knowledge but also promotes more positive perceptions and attitudes toward premarital screening.

Background: The increasingly widespread use of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) to manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has significantly reduced mortality. Accordingly, the number of patients with HIV with a life expectancy >50 years is increasing. With advanced age, the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD) increases.According to a study in Uganda in 2017, the prevalence of at least one NCD in patients with HIV was 20.7%, with 11–30% of deaths due to NCDs, especially cardiovascular disease. This emphasizes that NCDs in patients with HIV are of clinical concern, as are the factors that increase the risk of these diseases. However, most studies on HIV and NCDs focus on African countries, while research in Asia is limited. Differences in genetics, lifestyle, and co-existing health burdens may influenced NCD prevalence and risk factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for NCDs in patients with HIV. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted at the outpatient clinic of the Ngoerah Hospital from June 8, 2023, to July 7, 2023. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: In total, 1,644 patients with HIV were included in this study. The prevalence of NCDs was 1.9% for hypertension, 1.1% for diabetes mellitus, 0.7% for dyslipidemia, 1.0% for kidney disorders, 0.1% for stroke, 0.3% for cancer, 0.3% for cardiovascular disease, and 0.2% for autoimmune diseases. After conducting a multivariate test, we found that age >50 years increased the risk of comorbid NCDs by 7.886 times, while male sex increased the risk by 2.568 times, and an ARV regimen of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + non-NRTI (NNRTI) decreased the risk by 2.625 times. Conclusion Hypertension was the most common NCD in patients with HIV, followed by diabetes mellitus. Male patients and those aged >50 years were at a greater risk of developing NCDs, whereas a history of using the two NRTIs + NNRTI regimen was associated with a lower risk of NCDs.

Background: The increasingly widespread use of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) to manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has significantly reduced mortality. Accordingly, the number of patients with HIV with a life expectancy >50 years is increasing. With advanced age, the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD) increases.According to a study in Uganda in 2017, the prevalence of at least one NCD in patients with HIV was 20.7%, with 11–30% of deaths due to NCDs, especially cardiovascular disease. This emphasizes that NCDs in patients with HIV are of clinical concern, as are the factors that increase the risk of these diseases. However, most studies on HIV and NCDs focus on African countries, while research in Asia is limited. Differences in genetics, lifestyle, and co-existing health burdens may influenced NCD prevalence and risk factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for NCDs in patients with HIV. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted at the outpatient clinic of the Ngoerah Hospital from June 8, 2023, to July 7, 2023. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: In total, 1,644 patients with HIV were included in this study. The prevalence of NCDs was 1.9% for hypertension, 1.1% for diabetes mellitus, 0.7% for dyslipidemia, 1.0% for kidney disorders, 0.1% for stroke, 0.3% for cancer, 0.3% for cardiovascular disease, and 0.2% for autoimmune diseases. After conducting a multivariate test, we found that age >50 years increased the risk of comorbid NCDs by 7.886 times, while male sex increased the risk by 2.568 times, and an ARV regimen of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + non-NRTI (NNRTI) decreased the risk by 2.625 times. Conclusion Hypertension was the most common NCD in patients with HIV, followed by diabetes mellitus. Male patients and those aged >50 years were at a greater risk of developing NCDs, whereas a history of using the two NRTIs + NNRTI regimen was associated with a lower risk of NCDs.

Objectives: Premarital screening can reduce the risk of genetic disorders and sexually transmitted diseases by providing early detection before conception. College students represent a group of young adults with higher education who are approaching marriageable age. However, many students still lack a strong intention to undergo premarital screening in the future. Therefore, this study examines the factors influencing screening intentions among students at one of Indonesia’s leading universities, the State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design, with a total sample of 563 college students obtained through a multistage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and ordinal logistic regression was applied for hypothesis testing. Results: Among the 563 students, 97.0% indicated an intention to undergo premarital screening. The intention variable was classified into three levels: no/low (13.0%), moderate (43.5%), and high (43.5%). Ordinal logistic regression revealed that lower knowledge about premarital screening was significantly associated with a reduced intention to undergo screening (odds ratio [OR], 2.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 5.10). In addition, negative attitudes toward premarital screening (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.41 to 5.75), negative attitudes toward premarital screening (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.37), and being enrolled in a non-health-related field of study (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.68) were significantly linked to lower screening intentions. Conclusions Comprehensive premarital health education is essential for young adults, even those with a high level of formal education. Such education not only improves knowledge but also promotes more positive perceptions and attitudes toward premarital screening.

Background: The increasingly widespread use of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) to manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has significantly reduced mortality. Accordingly, the number of patients with HIV with a life expectancy >50 years is increasing. With advanced age, the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD) increases.According to a study in Uganda in 2017, the prevalence of at least one NCD in patients with HIV was 20.7%, with 11–30% of deaths due to NCDs, especially cardiovascular disease. This emphasizes that NCDs in patients with HIV are of clinical concern, as are the factors that increase the risk of these diseases. However, most studies on HIV and NCDs focus on African countries, while research in Asia is limited. Differences in genetics, lifestyle, and co-existing health burdens may influenced NCD prevalence and risk factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for NCDs in patients with HIV. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted at the outpatient clinic of the Ngoerah Hospital from June 8, 2023, to July 7, 2023. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: In total, 1,644 patients with HIV were included in this study. The prevalence of NCDs was 1.9% for hypertension, 1.1% for diabetes mellitus, 0.7% for dyslipidemia, 1.0% for kidney disorders, 0.1% for stroke, 0.3% for cancer, 0.3% for cardiovascular disease, and 0.2% for autoimmune diseases. After conducting a multivariate test, we found that age >50 years increased the risk of comorbid NCDs by 7.886 times, while male sex increased the risk by 2.568 times, and an ARV regimen of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + non-NRTI (NNRTI) decreased the risk by 2.625 times. Conclusion Hypertension was the most common NCD in patients with HIV, followed by diabetes mellitus. Male patients and those aged >50 years were at a greater risk of developing NCDs, whereas a history of using the two NRTIs + NNRTI regimen was associated with a lower risk of NCDs.

Objectives: Premarital screening can reduce the risk of genetic disorders and sexually transmitted diseases by providing early detection before conception. College students represent a group of young adults with higher education who are approaching marriageable age. However, many students still lack a strong intention to undergo premarital screening in the future. Therefore, this study examines the factors influencing screening intentions among students at one of Indonesia’s leading universities, the State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design, with a total sample of 563 college students obtained through a multistage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and ordinal logistic regression was applied for hypothesis testing. Results: Among the 563 students, 97.0% indicated an intention to undergo premarital screening. The intention variable was classified into three levels: no/low (13.0%), moderate (43.5%), and high (43.5%). Ordinal logistic regression revealed that lower knowledge about premarital screening was significantly associated with a reduced intention to undergo screening (odds ratio [OR], 2.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 5.10). In addition, negative attitudes toward premarital screening (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.41 to 5.75), negative attitudes toward premarital screening (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.37), and being enrolled in a non-health-related field of study (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.68) were significantly linked to lower screening intentions. Conclusions Comprehensive premarital health education is essential for young adults, even those with a high level of formal education. Such education not only improves knowledge but also promotes more positive perceptions and attitudes toward premarital screening.