Objective To investigate the characteristics of bone mineral density (BMD) in the patients with maintenance hemodi‐alysis(M HD) and relevant influencing factors to achieve the purpose of early diagnosis of osteoporosis .Methods Seventy‐two pa‐tients undergoing MHD and 76 healthy individuals(control group) were selected .The BMD values of lumbar spine and hip were measured in all subjects by using the dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry(DEXA) .The abnormal situation of BMD and the change of serum bone metabolism indicators in the patients with M HD were analyzed .Then the related factors affecting BMD were further ex‐plored .Results Compared with healthy controls ,the average BMD of lumbar and hip joints in M HD patients was significantly de‐creased ,which in elderly women was most remarkable ,and the incidence of osteoporosis was also significantly increased (P<0 .05) . Meanwhile ,the serum detection results showed that the levels of AKP ,iPTH ,P ,osteocalcin(OC) ,procollagen 1 N‐terminal peptide (P1NP) and β‐crosslaps (β‐CTX) in the NHD patients were significantly increased ;however the levels of Vit D and Ca were markedly decreased .The correlation analysis results showed that BMD was positively correlated with BMI and blood Ca ,while neg‐atively correlated with age ,dialysis age ,serum AKP and OC levels .Conclusion M HD patients are easily to appear the osteoporosis phenomenon ,in which the gender ,age ,dialysis age ,BMI ,serum AKP ,Ca and OC are the factors affecting BMD .

Plant virus is one of the most economical devastating microorganisms for global agriculture. Although several strategies are useful for controlling viral infection, such as resistant breeds cultivation, chemical bactericides treatment, blocking the infection source, tissue detoxification and field sanitation, viral disease is still a problem in agricultural production. Genetic engineering approach offers various options for introducing virus resistance into crop plants. This paper reviews the current strategies of developing virus resistant transgenic plants.
Agriculture ; Crops, Agricultural ; genetics ; virology ; Genetic Engineering ; Plant Diseases ; prevention & control ; virology ; Plant Viruses ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; virology

Objective To compare the effects of nonsurgical spinal decompression system (SDS) cervical traction and common cervical traction using surface electromyography (sEMG).Methods Twenty-two volunteers' sEMG signals were recorded before,during and after two modes of cervical traction:the conventional traction in sitting and SDS traction in supine.The interval between the two modes of traction was no shorter than 24 hours.The mean and peak amplitudes of their sEMG signals were observed before,during and after traction.The sEMG signals of the posterior cervical muscle while sitting or lying were compared at different stages of the traction.Results There was no statistically significant difference in sEMG signals between the subjects' right and left posterior cervical muscles.The sEMG signals decreased significantly during both traction trials.With common cervical traction the mean and peak amplitudes of the left posterior cervical muscle pre-and post-traction were higher than during traction,and the same as that of the right posterior cervical muscle.In the SDS trials the sEMG signals during traction and post-traction were significantly lower than those pre-traction.After traction the sEMG signals while sitting (common cervical traction) were significantly higher than those post-traction while lying (SDS cervical traction),and the sEMG signals post-traction while either lying or sitting were stronger than during traction while lying.The post-traction signals in sitting were stronger than those in lying.Conclusions Both nonsurgical SDS and common cervical traction can relax the posterior cervical muscles.The effect of nonsurgical SDS was better than that of common cervical traction.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of the pulmonary injury in rats caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and to investigate the intervention effect of Edaravone. METHOD: Ninety-six male Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly: the control group (NC), chronic intermittent hypoxia group (CIH), chronic intermittent hypoxia normal saline matched group (NS), chronic intermittent hypoxia edaravone treatment group (NE). The four groups were also divided into 1, 2, 3, 4 W time subgroups, and each time subgroup had 6 rats. After the experiment, sections of pulmonary were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and the level of SOD, MDA, PO2 and Ang II mRNA in rat homogenate pulmonary were measured. RESULT: Pulmonary histology revealed that the CIH group showed high levels of interstitial edema, alveolar atelectasis, inflammatory cell infiltration of alveolar epithelial cell, pulmonary injury were serious in 1, 2, 3, 4 W. But the pulmonary histology of the UC group and the NS group was normal. Compared with the NS group, pulmonary injury of NE group 1, 2, 3, 4 W, significantly decreased. Compared with the NC group, the levels of PO2 in the CIH group were decreased; while the compared with the NS group, the levels of PO2 in the NE group were increased. Compared with the UC group and NS group, the levels of Ang II mRNA in each time point in CIH group were increased gradually (P < 0.05), the content of MDA were increased in 1, 2, 3, 4 W (P < 0.05), they had reached the peak all at 4 W; while the SOD in each time point in CIH group were decreased gradually (P < 0.05) compared with that in UC group and NS group; The Ang II mRNA levels of CIH in pulmonary showed positive correlation with MDA [r = 0.782,P < 0.01]; while the Ang II mRNA levels of CIH in pulmonary showed negative correlation with SOD [r = - 0.904, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION CIH can cause pulmonary injury through oxidative stress and activating Ang II, and Edaravone could prevent pulmonary injury induced by CIH through scavenging oxygen free radicals.
Angiotensin II ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antipyrine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Edaravone ; Free Radical Scavengers ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Lung ; pathology ; Lung Injury ; physiopathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Autophagy is a conserved pathway for the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic components in all eukaryotes. This process plays a critical role in the adaptation of plants to drastic changing environmental stresses such as starvation, oxidative stress, drought, salt, and pathogen invasion. This paper summarizes the current knowledge about the mechanism and roles of plant autophagy in various plant stress responses.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Arabidopsis ; genetics ; physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Autophagy ; genetics ; Disease Resistance ; Plant Diseases ; immunology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics ; Sequence Homology ; Stress, Physiological

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the hemodynamic changes in the central branches of the middle cerebral artery in different stages of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and provide new evidence for clinical diagnosis of HIE.

METHODSFrom March, 2013 to July, 2013, a total of 136 newborn infants were diagnosed to have HIE in our center. We performed two-dimensional ultrasonography and color Doppler ultrasound for assessments of systolic velocity (Vs) and resistant index (RI) of the central branches of the middle cerebral artery. The data were compared with the results of a control group consisting of 251 normal full-term infants.

RESULTSInfants with mild HIE showed hyperechoic changes in the white matter around the ventricle, while in moderate and severe HIE, such hyperechoic changes were diffuse in both hemispheres with unclear echoes of the brain structures. Pulse Doppler assessments of hemodynamics of the central branches of the middle cerebral artery demonstrated a significant decrease in Vs and an increase in RI regardless of HIE severity (P<0.05). In addition, Vs and RI values in mild HIE infants differed significantly (P<0.05) from those in infants with moderate and severe HIE, who had comparable Vs and RI values (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONTranscranial ultrasonography may provide dynamic information on cerebral blood flow in neonates and hemodynamic parameters of the central branches of the middle cerebral artery are valuable for clinical diagnosis and early intervention of HIE.

Brain ; blood supply ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography

Objective:To study the hepatic hemodynamics changes and pathophysiological mechanisms of the use of a functional shunt after auxillary liver transplantation to treat portal hypertension associated with a small-for-size graft.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of patients with portal hypertension treated with functional shunting of small-volume grafts from a living donor liver at the Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from July 2014 to December 2018, and a total of 6 patients were included as the research objects, including 4 males and 2 females, with a median age of 35.5 (29.0-52.0) years old. Blood flow monitoring data were collected during and after operation, and the characteristics of liver hemodynamics were analyzed.Results:The portal venous blood flow of the remnant native liver gradually decreased to no flow. As a buffer response, the flow velocity of hepatic artery increased. The portal venous blood flow of the graft gradually increased in the early postoperative period and then gradually decreased from post-operation Day 5 to 10 due to gradual increase in portal venous resistance. However, the portal venous perfusion gradually increased from Day 10 after the operation, reached to a level and declined to a stable level about 1 month after the operation. The volume of abdominal drainage slowly decreased after the peak level at Day 5-10 after the operation, and disappeared completely at Day 30 after operation.Conclusions:When using auxiliary liver transplantation for functional shunting to treat portal hypertension, autologous residual liver can act as a guide buffer for the pressure gradient of portal vein hyperperfusion in liver transplantation, and reach a steady state of blood flow distribution about 1 month after surgery, while relying on autologous remnant liver hepatic artery buffer response prevents small liver syndrome.

Objective To Analyze the clinical outcomes of pediatric liver transplantation (LT) for liver-based metabolic disorders.Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis on 42 pediatric patients with liver-based metabolic disorders from June 2013 to March 2017,and analyzed the pediatric end stage liver disease model (PELD),growth and development,type of transplant,postoperative complications and prognosis of patients.Results There were 42 children with liver-based metabolic disorders (15.56%) out of all the 270 children who underwent LT.The median age was 51.0 months (range,3.4-160.9 months).Of the 42 children,19 received living donor liver transplantation (LDLT),18 cases received deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) and 5 cases received domino liver transplantation.1-,2-and 3-year cumulative survival rate of 42 recipients was 97.7%,93.6% and 93.6%,and that of the grafts was 95.3%,91.4% and 91.4%,respectively.As compared with the 194 children with biliary atresia who underwent LT,significant difference was found in PELD and weight Z-score between the two groups.Conclusion Liver transplantation is a valuable option for children with metabolic disorders,and it has gained a better prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the ultrasonography features of neonate corpus callosum agenesis for better diagnosis of this condition.

METHODSA total of 8563 neonates were screened by cerebral ultrasound in neonate care unit of our hospital from June 2010 to December 2012, and 37 cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum were identified. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for this condition was evaluated.

RESULTSThe sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis for complete and incomplete absence of neonate corpus callosum were 100% and 90%, 90.9% and 94.1%, 94.6% and 91.9% in the 37 cases, respectively. The Kappa value of ultrasonography and MRI were 0.890 and 0.837, with a consistent rate of 91%.

CONCLUSIONUltrasonography and MRI show a high consistency in the diagnosis of neonatal agenesis of the corpus callosum.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial

Objective:To investigate the current status of clinical teaching towards postgraduates of master of nursing specialist(MNS) in China.Methods:Objective sampling was used to invest 390 MNS clinical nursing teachers in 36 hospitals across the country. The survey included the admission and evaluation criteria of teachers, the MNS postgraduates′ clinical teaching plan and implementation, and the assessment of MNS postgraduate ′s clinical practice ability, etc. Results:Among the criteria for clinical teachers for MNS postgraduates, 79.49% of departments required bachelor ′s degree or above, and 67.18% of departments requested medium-grade professional title or above; 47.44% of the departments demanded that clinical teachers had the research experience, 58.21% departments asked for the experience of articles publication. The main method of selecting clinical teaching teachers was examination (50%), while 31.28% departments had no definite criteria. The evaluation indicators of clinical teachers mainly depended on the results of students ′ clinical practice capability assessment (81.79%) and students ′ satisfaction (80%). Only 49.23% of the study objects knew the training objectives of MNS. The pivotal abilities of MNS graduate students were the ability of clinical nursing practice (91.79%) and clinical research (82.82%). The MNS postgraduate teaching plan of each department was mainly derived from the requirements of tutors and colleges (87.69%). The mode of clinical teaching was that one student was guided by a fixed clinical teacher (87.18%). Clinical practice assessment methods of MNS mainly included theoretical knowledge assessment (88.46%) and the performance of section lectures (82.56%). The assessment personnel were mainly clinical teachers (95.40%) and head nurses (83.51%). The self-assessment of clinical teachers was rated at the medium level about their performance on the postgraduate MNS students ′ clinical teaching. Conclusions:The homogenization and standardization of the construction of MNS clinical teaching base needs to be improved in China. In the field of defining the criteria of clinical teaching teachers, strengthening the construction of clinical faculty, perfecting the clinical teaching plan and evaluation system according to the cultivation objectives and specialist characteristics, and elevating the comprehensive medical education combined with clinical education and college education, further exploration is indispensable.