Objective To investigate the effects of hyaluronan(HA) on phagocytosis of macrophages and to explore the mechanism.Methods CD44 of macrophages was labeled with immunochemical method.In phagokinetic track assay,the areas without gold particles around the cells were measured with an image analyzer,shape of the cells was viewed under a scanning electron microscope.In fluorescent bead phagocytosis assay,the phagocytosed beads were conunted,the distribution of intracellular F-actin was viewed.In HA-coated bead phagocytosis assay,the phagocytosed beads were counted,shape of the cells was viewed with scanning electron microscope,the level of the intracellular Ca~(2+) was analyzed with confocal laser scanning microscope when the beads were phagocytosed.After treatment with anti-CD44 antibody,the changes of phagocytosis of the cells were examined.Results CD44 expressed on macrophages.The phagocytosing cells were round,their lamellipodia and filopodia were short.The membrane of the cells formed cup-like invagination when they engulfed particles and beads.In HA group,the phagocytosed gold particles and fluorescent beads increased.There was rich F-actin in the area where the fluorescent bead was engulfed.In HA-coated group,number of the phagocytosed HA-coated beads was great,the level of the intracellular Ca~(2+) in the area where the bead was engulfed increased significantly.After treatment with anti-CD44 antibody,the phagocytosed gold particles,fluorescent beads and HA-coated beads decreased.Conclusion HA promotes phagocytosis of macrophages,CD44 mediates effects of HA on phagocytosis of the cells.

BACKGROUND:The etiological factor of pediatric avascular necrosis of the femoral head(Legg-Calv?-Perthe disease) is unclear right now,and the disease typing,treatment and prognosis outcome are also different.Thus a simple,practical and reliable clinical classification is necessary to guide treatment and estimate result.OBJECTIVE:To summarize and analyze the criteria commonly used for Legg-Calv?-Perthe disease in clinical typing as well as their advantage and shortcoming,which provides evidences for the treatment and instruction.RETRIEVAL STRATEGY:A computer-based search of Medline database was undertaken to identify the articles regarding the classification criteria for Perthes disease,published between January 1970 and September 2007,with the key items of "Perthes,classification" in English.After the primary check,the full-texts of the remained articles were looked for.Inclusion criteria:①X-ray,bone scanning and MRI classification criteria for Perthes disease.②the study of the correlation between the classification reliability and the prosthesis.Exclusion criteria:repeated researches.Totally 76 articles about the classification criteria for Perthes disease were retrieved,and 32 of them were in accordance with the inclusion criteria.LITERATURE EVALUATION:Among 32 included articles,24 ones concerned with X-ray examination,4 with bone scanning image,and 4 with MRI image.DATA SYNTHESIS:There were many related researches to the clinical classification of Legg-Calv?-Perthe disease,but uniform conclusion is absent.A reliable and unified clinical classification is beneficial for the orthopaedic physicians to find out the risk factors at early stage,and take therapeutic measures as soon as possible,so as to prevent the malformation of the femoral head.Ideal classification criteria with good reliability and consistency,are closely related to the disease prosthesis,and should be used at early stage.CONCLUSION:X-ray typing is commonly used in the clinical classification for Legg-Calv?-Perthe disease,but it is difficult to apply at early stage.Bone scanning can forecast results,and also induce irradiation.Due to good sensitivity and high resolution,MRI has an earlier effect on detecting necrosis and collapse,and is potential for further development and application,however,it also calls on a long-term clinical follow-ups.

Experiments in vitro demonstrated for the first time that an EtOAc extract of roots of Rubus crataegifolius Bge.can markedly inhibit the for mation of lipid peroxide in rat brain,heart. liver and kidney tissucs. When administered intragastrically for 15 successive days,the EtOAc extract markedly inhibited the formation of lipid peroxide in plasma and tissues of liver and brain of mice. The above results showed that the EtOAc extract from roots of R. crataegifolius Bge.had anti-lipid peroxidation effect.

[Objective]To investigate the effect and complications of treating radial neck fractures in children with elastic stable intramedullary nail(ESIN).[Method]A retrospective study was applied in 35 children(5~13 years) with displaced radial neck fractures,that were corrected with ESIN in our hospital from 2005 to 2008.[Result]All cases were successfully followed up,with an average time of 7.5 months.Ninteen cases were evaluated as excellent,6 cases were good,the excellent and good rate was 68%.Avascular necrosis was found in 9 cases,including 4 cases of radial head bulk formation,1 case showed ossification and delayed union was proved in 2 cases.[Conclusion]Treating the radial neck fracture with ESIN is a simple and minimally invasive method,the overall effect is good while the complications are limited.

The authors used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to observe the expression of the p16 and Rb mRNA and protein levels in 89 cases of lung cancer. The results showed that the loss of p16 gene expression took place mainly in non small cell lung cancer, and loss of Rb gene expression mainly in small cell lung cancer. The expression of these genes on protein level fundamentally corresponded with mRNA level. It is suggested that the expression of these two genes are related to the histological type of lung cancer, and the p16 and Rb genes can be considered as one of molecular biological targets for gene classification diagnosis. There may exist a mechanism at gene translation level which leads to the inactivation of the p16 and Rb genes.

Objective To develop a new comprehensive trauma score method based on international classification of diseases(ICD) and evaluate the effectiveness of its use in cerebral injured patients.Methods The model of the new trauma score method was constructed by referring to those of some certain comprehensive trauma score methods generally used around the world.Receiver operating characteristics(ROC) analysis was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of outcome prediction for 355 cerebral injured patients using the new developed trauma score method.Statistical comparisons were performed between the AUC for the new trauma score values and that of NISS values derived from two professional raters.Results The area under the curve(AUC) for the new trauma score values was as large as 0.925 4,whose 95% CI ranged from 0.863 4 to 0.987 5,and is statistically different from 0.5(P

Objective To develop converting rule from international classification of disease (ICD) codes of trauma to abbreviated injury scale (AIS) values so as to provide clues for a simple and convenient trauma scoring way. Methods The corresponding set relations were made for ICD-9CM codes and AIS-90 codes with similar code meanings in the trauma diseases. Based on medical theories and knowledge, 8 indeces closely associated with injury severity were worked out for each ICD-9CM code of trauma diseases by using the database of discharge abstracts of trauma patients. Discriminant analysis was used to set up corresponding relations of ICD-9CM codes with AIS values. Results Seven indices were selected for discriminant function. Corresponding relations of all ICD-9CM codes of trauma diseases with AIS values was made through nonparametric discriminant method. Under deliberation and revision by several clinical experts on traumatology, the converting rule was established eventually. Consistency analysis between the sample's international classification of disease injury severity score (ICISS) values and injury severity score (ISS) values showed that ICISS values were closely correlated with 2-ICISS (Y=Ln), with correlation coefficient of 0.831 1 ( P

Objective To explore the role of caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation in later period of neonatal rat hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD). Methods DNA fragmentation,caspase-3 mRNA and caspase-3 protein were measured in 2 wks、3 wks and 4wks after setting HIBD animal model in newborn wistar rats by FCM, RT-PCR and Immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Apoptosis lasted 4ks after HIBD. This suggested a long lasting role of apoptosis in neonatal HIBD by TNNEL and EM.(2)Caspase-3 mRNA expression was estimated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. It was higher in HIBD group(0.771?0.074) than in control group(0.620?0.038, P0.05. Average Avalue of Caspase-3 protein in HIBD group(0.374 ?0.038) at 3 wks was significantly higher than that in control group(0.356?0.020,P

Objective To study a new technique (lung cancer diagnossing system, LCDS) based on the computer imaging and artificial neural network for early diagnosis of lung cancer, and evaluate it's value in early cytopathological diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods The cytological smears from the specimens obtained by Percutaneous Aspiration Lung Biopsy (PALB) in 512 cases were synthetically analyzed by LCDS. Among them, 362 cases received operations. The diagnoses by LCDS were compared with postoperative histopathological diagnosis. Results In cytopathological diagnoses for the 512 specimens, LCDS can judge between cancer cells and non-cancer cells from lung lesions with its image analysis and expert system. Moreover, it can distinguish squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma in cytopathological diagnosis with built-in neural network. The total coincident rate of LCDS diagnosis was 91.80% compared with the pathological diagnosis. In the 362 cases, the sensitivity of LCDS diagnosis was 94.79% (291/307), the specificity was 90.91%(50/55), and the consistent rate was 94.20%(341/362). Conclusion The diagnostic pattern of LCDS was practical and effective. It has applicable value in cytopathological diagnosis of lung cancer and may be an efficient means for early diagnosis of lung cancer.

Objective To examine location of hyaluronan(HA) in macrophages and effects of HA on adhesion and migration of macrophages and explore regulating mechanism of HA. Methods HA of macrophages was labeled with aggrecan.Location of intracellular and extracellular HA of the cells was viewed using optic microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope.Effects of HA on adhesion and migration of macrophages were examined by adhesion assay and migration assay. Results Macrophage synthesized HA.HA located mainly on the membrane and in premeter and perinuclear area of the quiescent cells.In the moving cells,most of intracellular HA located in pseudopodia,tail and perinuclear area.HA was rich on the surface of the pseudopodia and tail of the cells.HA on the surface of macrophages and HA substratum increased cell adhesion and migration,addition of free HA into the medium decreased cell adhesion.Conclusion There are characteristics of HA distribution in macrophages.HA synthesized by macrophages and HA substratum promoted adhesion and migration of macrophage,while free HA reduces cell adhesion.