Objective To study the mechanism of killing microfilariae in host by detecting the change of amino acids in Brugia malayi microfilariae. Methods The composition and contents of amino acid in microfilariae of periodic Brugia malayi before and after the effect of cytotoxicity were analyzed with automatic amino acid analyzer. Results The result showed that microfilariae contained 17 kinds of amino acids, but lacked Tryptophan. The total amount of amino acids of the microfilariae after cytotoxicity was lower than that before cytotoxicity( P

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical usability of virtual endoscopy(VE) in tympanoplasty.METHODS A total of 102 patients (204 ears) were observed by virtual endoscopy. Tympanoplasty was performed in 72 cases (75 ears) including 53 cases (55 ears) with chronic otitis media and 19 cases (20 ears) with congenital microtia and middle ear dysmorphia. Ossicular chain reconstruction was conducteded in 65 ears at the same time. RESULTS The ossicular chain was showed eroded in 19 ears of 23 patients with cholesteatoma otitis media pre-operatively by VE, but was found eroded in all of 23 ears during operation. The ossicular chain was showed eroded in 29 ears of 32 patients with osteitis otitis media pre-operatively by VE, but during operation it was found 23 ears with malleus and incus eroded, 11 ears without head of stapes or up-structure of stapes. VE showed 18 ears with congenital microtia and middle ear malformation and 2 ears with small tympanic cavity and no ossicular chain preoperatively, and operation proved 17 ears with severe ossicular malformation, 2 ears without stapes, 1 ear with vestibular window atresia. There were 2 ears with sudden hearing loss after tympanoplasty, the VE showed ossicular displacement. The coincidence rates between VE and operation view were 92 % in patients with otitis media and 100 % in patients with congenital microtia and middle ear malformation. CONCLUSION VE can supply reliability data for evaluation of the damaged ossicular chain and efficacy of tympanoplasty.

Purpose To investigate the prognosis and influencing factor of hematoma complicated from ultrasonography-guided EnCor vacuum-assisted breast biopsy system in minimally invasive surgery for breast lesions, and to provide reference for clinical treatment. Materials and Methods 280 female patients with 486 benign breast lesions underwent minimally invasive excision using a ultrasonography-guided EnCor vacuum-assisted device, occurrence and the inlfuence factors of hematoma complicated from the operation was observed. Results All the 486 lesions were completely excised with EnCor system, hematoma (≥1cm) were found in 47 cases after 24 hours and almost disappeared in 6 months. After analysis of the occurrence of hematoma, it was found that the following situations would lead to a higher incidence of hematoma, which included lumps ≥ 2.5 cm, more than two lesions removed at one time, lumps locating deep inside the areola or the edge of breasts, bigger and less dense breasts, operation in menstrual period, pressure bandaging after operation less than 12 hours and operation without using adrenaline (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Benign lesions breast can be effectively excised using ultrasonography-guided EnCor vacuum device, and the factors listed below could affect the occurance of hematoma complicated from the surgery, including the size, location and number of the resected nodules, breast shape, surgery during menstrual period, postoperative pressure bandaging and the use of hemostatics.

Inthis study, the DNA fragment encoding the regions Ⅰ to Ⅱ of CSP gene from Plasmodium falciparm isolate FCC1/HN was cloned into an. expression vector pcDNA3 contained cytomegalovius (CMV) and transformed into human Hela cell line. The expressed protein PfCSP (condidate vaccine) was used to immunize BALB/c mice by subcutaneous、 intravenous or intraperitoneal administration respectively. The splenocyte of BALB/c mice immumized with the condidate vaccine released significantly IL-2 and IFN-γ following stimulation with this vaccine. It is associated with increase of the splenic T lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by this vaccine and enhancement of NK cell killing activity in the former studies. These results suggested that the vaccine could stimulate T cell response and enhance the cell-mediated immunity.

ObjectiveTo verify the reliability of the mouse model of cerebral cortical microinfarct induced by two-photon microscopy and to explore its pathological changes.MethodsSeventeen male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a microinfarct group (n=11) or a sham operation group (n=6).A thinned cranial window of 3 mm diameter was performed over the cerebral cortex with a high-speed micro-drill until the small blood vessels were clearly observed under a dissecting microscope.Then, a permanent single cortical penetrating arteriole occlusion was induced with a gradually enhanced ultrashort laser irradiation through the thinned cranial window with two-photon microscopy.At 7 days after modeling, the cerebral microinfarct volume was measured with HE staining, and the neuron loss, activation of glial cells and deposition of 3-nitrotyrosine were assessed using immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe target vessels of cerebral cortex in 8 (72.7%) mice were occluded and the microinfarcts formed in the microinfarct group, and the average microinfarct volume was 317.23±20.29 μm3.There were remarkable neuron loss and microglia infiltration in the infarcted core, a large number of reactive astrocytes surrounding the infarcted lesion, and massive deposition of 3-nitrotyrosine in the peri-infarct area.No infarcts were observed in the sham operation group.The deposition of 3-nitrotyrosine in the sham operation group was significantly less than that in the microinfarct group (8.00±1.48 vs.98.38±9.10;t=23.962, P<0.001).Conclusions The mouse model of cerebral cortical microinfarct induced by two-photon microscopy is reliable, and its histopathologic changes are consistent with the pathologic features of cerebral microinfarct.

Objective To investigate the effect of triptolide (TP) on the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under hypoxia. Methods (1) HUVECs were treated with 0, 40, 80, 160 and 320 nmol/L TP (named with hypoxia group, TP40 group, TP80 group, TP160 group and TP320 group, respectively) under the hypoxic condition (37℃, 5%CO2, 1%O2, 94%N2) for culturing 12 hours. Meanwhile, cells cultured under normoxia condition (without TP added) were set as the normoxia group. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of HIF1αin each group. (2) The cells were divided into normal control group, hypoxia group and TP80 group. The immunofluorescence method was performed to detect the localization of HIF1α in cells. (3) Expressions of VEGF were detected by Western blot assay in TP80 group and hypoxia group. (4) The cells were divided into hypoxia group, TP80 group, TP80+KF20 group (80 nmol/L TP and 20μmol/L KC7F2), and TP80+KF30 group (80 nmol/L TP and 30 μmol/L KC7F2). After 12-hour culturing, Western blot assay was used to detect the expressions of HIF1α and VEGF in each group. Results (1) Under the normoxia condition, no HIF1α was detected in HUVECs. The expression level of HIF1αwas significantly increased in TP80 group than that in hypoxia group (P<0.05), while there was no significant change in expression of hypoxia HIF1αin TP160 group and TP320 group compared with that of hypoxic group. (2) The immunofluorescence result showed that HIF1α was mainly expressed in the nucleus. (3) The expression of VEGF was significantly increased in TP80 group than that in hypoxia group (P < 0.05). (4) After the intervention of KC7F2, HIF1αand VEGF expression levels were significantly decreased in the TP80+KF20 group and the TP80+KF30 group than those in the TP80 group (P<0.05). Conclusion TP can improve the expression of HIF1αand VEGF to accelerate the proliferation of endothelial cells under hypoxia condition.

Objective To explore the availability and safety of ileal ureter replacement combined with ileal augmentation cystoplasty in treating ureteral stenosis with contracted bladder.Methods From August 2015 to November 2018,three patients who underwent ileal ureter replacement combined with augmentation cystoplasty were treated with ileal ureter replacement combined with augmentation cystoplasty.There were 1 male and 2 females with the age ranging from 34 to 55 years (mean 39 years).Two patients suffered from left ureter stenosis,and one patient had stenosis on the both sides.The length of the ureter stenosis ranged from 6 to 18 cm (mean 9.8 cm).The preoperative bladder capacity ranged from 60 to 150 ml (mean 103.3 ml).In the surgery,part of ileum was used to replace the ureter,and the distal intestine was made into U-shape to enlarge the bladder.Results All operation were completed successfully.The operation time ranged from 220 to 400 min (mean 303.0 min),and the blood loss ranged from 150 to 500 ml (mean 283.3 ml).Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 1 case and open surgery in 2 cases.Three weeks after the surgery,the bladder volume underwent cystography ranged from 300 to 400 ml (mean 360.0 ml).Three months after the surgery,the postvoid residual urine volume ranged from 20 to 50 ml (mean 33.3 ml).Postoperative frequency and urgency of urine were completely relieved in 1 case,alleviated in 2 cases.Flank pain was completely relieved in 1 case,and alleviated in 2 cases postoperatively.The serum creatinine of 2 patients mildly increased after the surgery,while 1 patient remained stable.For complications,1 patient had urinary infection,and 1 patient suffered from metabolic acidosis.Conclusions Ileal ureteral replacement combined with augmentation cystoplasty can be the choice of treatment for long segment ureteral stenosis and enlarge the bladder simultaneously.The postoperative complications and the kidney functions should be regularly followed up.

Objective To analyze the metabolic changes of myocardial tissue in rats under acute exposure to macleaya cordata by gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS),explore forensic identifications of its characteristic metabolites,and verify its toxicological mechanism in poisoning cases.Methods The rats in the exposure group were given 382 mg/kg macleaya extract solution by gavage,and the rats in the control group were given the same dose of solvent.The myocardial samples were analyzed by GC-MS,and pattern recognition was conducted through partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLSDA).The differential metabolites with characteristic changes were identified by variable importance projection(VIP value＞1)and Student's t test(P＜0.01).Results Compared with the control group,21 potential characteristic metabolites were identified.Through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,it was found that these metabolites were mainly involved in the pathways of glycine,serine and threonine metabolism;pyruvate metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism.Conclusion Through the study of myocardial metabolism in rats exposed to macleaya cordata,we found the information on metabolites closely related to poisoning,which provides new insight and reference for studies on the mechanisms of macleaya cordata poisoning in the field of forensic medicine.

Objective To analyze the image features and prognosis of primary central airway salivary gland-type tumor (SGT).Methods The clinical and imaging data of 25 cases with SGT confirmed by histopathology were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from October 2009 to November 2017.Follow up of patients for survival was performed.Among 25 cases of SGT,there were 14 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC),ten cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and one case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (EMC).All cases had non-enhanced CT scans (among which 20 cases underwent CT scan with contrast).Post-processing were performed to evaluate the location,range,density,degree of enhancement of the lesions and involvement of hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes.Eight cases underwent PET/CT imaging and one underwent MR imaging,respectively.Independent sample t test was used to compare difference in ages between ACC group and MEC group.Nonparametric test was performed to compare difference in tumor's diameter between ACC group and MEC group.Comparison of genders,history of smoking,tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and CT features between ACC group and MEC group were tested using Fisher's exact tests.Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival curves were compared by the log-rank test.Results Compared to MEC,patients with ACC were older.There were significant difference between the two groups (t=3.154,P＜0.05).ACC tended to involved trachea or main bronchi (13/14) while MEC were mostly located at lobar or segment bronchi (6/10).The shape of ACC tumors were mainly lobulated or presented as circumferential wall thickening (13/14),while MECs were smoothly oval (7/10).On contrast-enhanced CT scans,ACC mainly showed mild or moderate enhancement (9/10),While most of MEC had shown avid enhancement (8/10).CT findings suggestive of airway obstructive disease were seen more with MEC (9/10) than ACC (4/14).There were significant differences of the above CT features between ACC and MEC group (P＜0.05).A case of EMC in an 43 years old female presented rounded nodule in tracheal;The SUVmax in 6 of 8 cases of PET/CT exceeded 2.2;Overall survival (OS) was 87.5％ in all cases.No significant difference was found between ACC and MEC groups regarding OS (x2=0,P=1.000).Ages,surgical and nonsurgical patients and TNM stage were found to be related to OS (x2=13.799,13.799,13.171,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusions Primary central airway salivary gland-type tumors are commonly occurred in patients at a low age,with weak invasive feature and good prognosis.The predominant site and CT characteristics between ACC and MEC were significantly different.

BACKGROUNDThe effectiveness and safety of initiating biphasic insulin aspart 30 in patients who were poorly controlled on oral glucose-lowering drugs were studied in randomized controlled trials, while results from clinical practice remain limited. This subgroup analysis was to provide such findings from a large-scale non-interventional study.

METHODSA1chieve was a multinational, prospective, open-label, non-interventional, 24-week study in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating insulin analogues in 28 countries across Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America. After physician had taken the decision to use this insulin, any patient with type 2 diabetes who was not treated with or who had started the study insulin within 4 weeks before inclusion was eligible. Patients were treated with study insulin alone or in combination with oral glucose-lowering drugs. Data on adverse drug reactions, hypoglycemia and glycemic control were collected at baseline, week 12 and 24. This is a report of a Chinese subgroup analysis from the A1chieve study.

RESULTSTotally, 4 100 patients constituted this subgroup. No serious adverse drug reactions were reported. Rates of total, major, nocturnal hypoglycemic events (events/patient per year) were 1.47, 0.10, 0.31 at baseline and 1.35, 0.00, 0.22 at week 24, respectively. Glycemic control was improved as measured by hemoglobin A1c (mean 9.3% to 7.0%, reduction -2.3%), fasting plasma glucose (mean 10.2 to 6.8 mmol/L, reduction -3.5 mmol/L) and postprandial plasma glucose (mean 14.4 to 8.8 mmol/L, reduction -5.6 mmol/L), all P < 0.001. Change in mean body weight was +0.3 kg (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONIn this subgroup analysis of the A1chieve study, biphasic insulin aspart 30 improved glycemic control with low risk of hypoglycemia.

Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; Biphasic Insulins ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Blood Glucose ; drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; drug therapy ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Insulin Aspart ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Insulin, Isophane ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies