Purpose To explore the effect of ultrasonic section,patient position and other factors on Young's modulus and shear wave velocity measurement of the muscle,and to study the consistency between Young's modulus and shear wave velocity on reflection of muscle hardness.Materials and Methods Shear wave elastography was used to detect 10 healthy young men and 10 women.Longitudinal and transverse detection of the Young's modulus and shear wave velocity of gastrocnemius and soleus were performed in natural ankle joint position,maximum plantar flexion and maximum dorsiflexion position.Results ① Comparison of the elasticity measurement between gastrocnemius and soleus.There were significant differences in the Young's modulus in the maximum plantar flexion and Young's modulus and shear wave velocity in maximum dorsiflexion position in longitudinal detection (P＜0.05) that gastrocnemius measurements were higher than soleus measurements.There were significant differences in Young's modulus and the shear wave velocity (P＜0.05) in natural position and maximum dorsiflexion position that soleus measurements were higher than gastrocnemius measurements.② In the positions of the ankle joints,the differences between longitudinal detection values and transverse detection values of gastrocnemius or soleus were statistically significant (P＜0.01) and longitudinal detection values were higher than transverse detection values.③ Comparison of the elasticity measurement of gastrocnemius and soleus muscle among different positions of the ankle joints.The measurement in natural position and in the maximum plantar flexion were evidently higher than that in the maximum dorsiflexion position (P＜0.01) in longitudinal detection.The maximum dorsiflexion position showed higher elasticity measurement.Only elasticity measurement in natural position and the maximum plantar flexion of the soleus was statistically different from that in the maximum dorsiflexion position (P＜0.01) that it was higher in the maximum dorsiflexion position.Conclusion The ultrasound elasticity measurements of gastrocnemius and soleus are related with the ultrasonic longitudinal or transverse section and the relative ankle positions.Moreover,there are some differences in elasticity measurements between these two muscles.should be given to all of these in quantitative evaluation of muscle hardness using shear wave ultrasound elastography.

Objective:To explore the influence of nephroblastoma over expressed gene (CCN3)on differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs)into endothelial cells.Methods:BM-MSCs differentiation into endothelial cells induced by condition medium containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF,50ng/ml)was regarded as positive control group.BM-MSCs differentiation into endothelial cells induced by condition medium con-taining recombined CCN3 protein (100 ng/ml)and VEGF (50 ng/ml)was regarded as CCN3 group,and BM-MSCs incubated in pure complete medium was regarded as negative control group.Immunofluorescence staining and semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method (RT-PCR)were used to measure expression of von Willebrand factor (vWF)after 16d to evaluate endothelial cell differentiation,and semi-quantitative RT-PCR method was used to measured expression of Notch1 gene mRNA before and after induced BM-MSCs differentiation. Results:On 16d after induced BM-MSCs differentiation,some cells of positive vWF fluorescence staining were ob-served in positive control group,those of CCN3 group was significantly more than those of positive control group, and expression of vWF mRNA [ratio of optical density (OD): (0.550±0.090)]of CCN3group was significantly higher than that of positive control group (0.358±0.080),(P<0.01),and no vWF-positive cells were observed in negative control group;Besides,before induced differentiation,expression of Notch1 gene mRNA were low in three groups without significant difference between any two groups (P>0.05 all),on 16d after induced differentiation, expressions of Notch1 gene mRNA in positive control group (0.232±0.047)and CCN3 group (0.352±0.029)were significantly higher than that of negative control group (0.132±0.033),P<0.01 all,it of CCN3 group was signifi-cantly higher that of positive control group (P<0.01).Conclusion:CCN3 can enhance BM-BMCs differentiation into endothelial cells by activating Notch1 signal pathway.

Objective To compare the ultrasonographic manifestations of ligamenta patella and their entheses of healthy volunteers with those of professional athletes. Methods Sonography was performed using a GE Logiq 700 MR Expert Series ultrasound equipment and a 5-10 MHz multifrequency linear array transducer. Fifty-two healthy volunteers and 20 professional athletes underwent sonography on ligamentum patella of both sides. Results The normal ligamenta patella′s contour was regular and sharply defined, appearing as tightly packed echoic structures with fine parallel internal linear echoes with a synovial sheath to a thickness of 0.02 cm. The attaching bone surface was smooth and continuous. The ligamenta patella of male was longer than that of the female(P

Abstract: Objective To investigate the nutritional status of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and its effects on conventional anti-tuberculosis treatment, so as to provide a basis for improving the efficacy of conventional treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods The relevant data of 168 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to Suining Central Hospital from April 2020 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Nutritional status of the patients before treatment was investigated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score, and the influencing factors of nutritional status before treatment were analyzed. Therapeutic effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs in the non-nutritional risk group and the nutritional risk group were comparatively analyzed. Results Among the 168 patients, 64 were assessed as having good nutritional status before treatment, 59 had the risk of malnutrition and 45 were malnourished according to the MNA score. Univariate analysis and linear regression analysis showed that age, underlying diseases, and clinical symptoms were factors affecting the MNA score before treatment (t=3.173, 3.718, 2.018, P all<0.05); whereas gender and education level were not factors affecting MNA score before treatment (t=0.065, 0.059, P all>0.05). According to the MNA score before treatment, the patients were dividedinto a non-nutritional risk group (MNA score > 23.5) and a nutritional risk group (MNA score ≤23.5). The negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria, effective rate of focal absorption in the non-nutritional risk group were 92.19% (59/64)and90.63% (58/64) , respectively, which were significantly higher than corresponding 79.85% (82/104)and76.92% (80/104) in the nutritional risk group. The drug resistance rate, adverse reaction rate, and average treatment cost of the no nutritional risk group and nutritional risk group were 7.81% (5/64) and 21.15% (12/104), 15.63% (10/64) and 31.73% (33/104), (0.62±0.13) million yuan and (0.89±0.26) million yuan, respectively, with significant differences (χ2=5.228, 5.071, 7.685, 5.396, 7.728, P all<0.05). Conclusions Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis exhibit poor nutritional status before treatment. The patients’nutritional status is easily affected by age, underlying diseases, and clinical symptoms, thereby affecting the effect of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Therefore, early nutritional intervention for tuberculosis patients should be recommended in order to prevent malnutrition and enhance the effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging in the evaluation of liver functional reserve in patients with hepatic focal lesions. Methods Eighty-six patients with hepatic focal lesions in General Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army from September 2011 to August 2012 were studied. According to Child-Pugh score, 54 of them were classified as grade A, 18 patients were classiifed as grade B, and 14 patients were classiifed as grade C. Seventy patients underwent surgery and 16 patients underwent non-surgical treatment. Shear wave velocity (SWV) values were measured using ARFI technique, and indocyanine green (ICG) clearance tests were also performed to achieve ICG clearance rate constant (ICGK) and ICG retention rate at 15 minutes (ICG15). Correlation between SWV and ICGK, SWV and ICG15 were studied using Pearson correlation, and correlation between SWV and Child-Pugh score were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation. Difference between SWV values of patients underwent surgery and those of patients underwent non-surgical treatment was compared using t-test for independent samples. Analyses of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed to investigate the value of ARFI in the evaluation of surgical feasibility for patients with hepatic focal lesion, with the clinical decisions serving as the golden standard. Results There was correlations between SWV and ICGR15, SWV and ICGK, and SWV and Child-Pugh scores (r=0.764,P <0.001;r=-0.686,P=0.000;r=0.864,P=0.000). The SWV of patients who underwent surgery was (2.46±0.45) m/s, and the SWV of patients who underwent non-surgical treatment was (1.54±0.36) m/s, with a signiifcant difference (t=-0.80, P=0.000). The ROC curve analysis demonstrated a highest Youden′s index of 0.775 when the cut-off was 2.06m/s. The corresponding sensitivity was 87.5% and the specificity was 90.0% for ARFI in the diagnosis liver functional reserve deficiency. Conclusion ARFI can effectively evaluate the liver functional reserve in patients with hepatic focal lesions and thus could be beneifcial in the decision of clinical treatment.

Objective To study the clinical value of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) in patients with ischemic type biliary lesion (ITBL) after orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods Between July 2012 to January 2013, forty-one patients in General Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army were enrolled in this study who were admitted for post-transplantation follow-up. Among them, 15 patients were diagnosed as ITBL by ultrasonography. Besides conventional ultrasonography, ARFI was used to detect the shear wave velocity (SWV) of liver tissue at depth of 4 cm and 5 cm respectively. Simultaneously liver function test was performed. Independent-samples t test was performed to compare the difference of SWV between ITBL and non-ITBL group at the same depth. Paired-sample t test was performed to compare the difference of SWV for the same ITBL patient. Pearson correlation analysis was used in analyzing the relation between SWV and liver function. Results The average SWV in depth of 4 cm was (1.561±0.425) m/s and (1.121±0.160) m/s in ITBL and non-ITBL group, respectively. Signiifcant differences were found among the ITBL and non-ITBL groups (t=-3.173, P=0.01). The average SWV in depth of 5 cm was (1.608±0.545) m/s and (1.175±0.173) m/s in ITBL and non-ITBL group, respectively. Signiifcant differences were found among the ITBL and non-ITBL groups (t=-2.454, P=0.034). There was no signiifcant difference between SWV measurements at different depth for the same ITBL patient. For all patients, SWV at different depths were both strongly correlated with alkaline phosphatase (r=0.656, 0.667, respectively;both P=0.000) andγ-glutamyl transpeptidase (r=0.482, P=0.007;r=0.508, P=0.004). Conclusion The liver stiffness measurement is valuable for the clinical evaluation of post-transplantation ITBL.

ObjectiveTo verify the reliability of the mouse model of cerebral cortical microinfarct induced by two-photon microscopy and to explore its pathological changes.MethodsSeventeen male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a microinfarct group (n=11) or a sham operation group (n=6).A thinned cranial window of 3 mm diameter was performed over the cerebral cortex with a high-speed micro-drill until the small blood vessels were clearly observed under a dissecting microscope.Then, a permanent single cortical penetrating arteriole occlusion was induced with a gradually enhanced ultrashort laser irradiation through the thinned cranial window with two-photon microscopy.At 7 days after modeling, the cerebral microinfarct volume was measured with HE staining, and the neuron loss, activation of glial cells and deposition of 3-nitrotyrosine were assessed using immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe target vessels of cerebral cortex in 8 (72.7%) mice were occluded and the microinfarcts formed in the microinfarct group, and the average microinfarct volume was 317.23±20.29 μm3.There were remarkable neuron loss and microglia infiltration in the infarcted core, a large number of reactive astrocytes surrounding the infarcted lesion, and massive deposition of 3-nitrotyrosine in the peri-infarct area.No infarcts were observed in the sham operation group.The deposition of 3-nitrotyrosine in the sham operation group was significantly less than that in the microinfarct group (8.00±1.48 vs.98.38±9.10;t=23.962, P<0.001).Conclusions The mouse model of cerebral cortical microinfarct induced by two-photon microscopy is reliable, and its histopathologic changes are consistent with the pathologic features of cerebral microinfarct.

AIM　To determine whether O-β -D-fructofuranosyl-〔(2→1 )-O-β-D-fructofuransyl〕4α-D-glucopyranoside (inulin-type hexasaccharide, IHS), a monomer extracted from the roots of Morinda of ficinalis How, has antidepressant action. METHODS Fo rced swimming tests in mice and rats and differential-reinforcement-of-low-r ate 72 second schedule (DRL 72 s) in rats were used. RESULTS In the forced swimming test in mice, IHS (80 mg*kg-1, po), like the effe ct of clinically effective antidepressant desipramine (10 mg*kg-1, ip)， produced significant decrease in immobility time. IHS (20 mg*kg-1，po ) also elicited significant decrease in immobility time in forced swimming test in rats, which was comparable to the effect of desipramine (40 mg*kg-1, po). Moreover, in the DRL 72 s in rats, IHS (5～10 mg*kg-1, ip), s imilar to desipramine (5 mg*kg-1, ip), elicited significant increase in reinforcers. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that IHS has antidepressant action and is an effective component extracted from the root s of Morinda officinalis How.

Objective To explore contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in diagnosis renal injuries complicated with active bleeding of different velocity,and analysis the related factors of renal traumatic degree.Methods Thirty-four Ⅰ - Ⅴ grade lesions of renal injury were made in 4 dogs and 6 New Zealand rabbits.Two and three dimensional CEUS were used to observe traumatic extension,and traumatic position,involving in vascular as well.Then the injury condition was classified and assessed synthetically.Results The range of lesions observed by using 2D and 3D ultrasound had consistency with those of the pathologic sample (length-diameter:F =0.4724,P =0.6252; transverse diameter:F =1.6174,P =0.20490),3D-CEUS can display the vascular that involved by renal injury.In the same traumatic extension condition,the time of animal becoming shocked and injury severity was related to not only traumatic extension but also different velocity of active bleeding and involving in vascular.Conclusions Contrastenhanced ultrasound can objectively reflect renal injury severity,and more information can be provided to clinical for management.

Objective To quickly evaluate the traumatic degree of abdominal solid-organs using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and analysis on related factors with clinical treatment.Methods 52 patients with abdominal traumatic were observed by CEUS,and the traumatic degree was judged according to American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST).The change of peritoneal fluid was observed with ultrasonography,and active bleeding and involve adjacent vessels their branches were observed with CEUS.In this way,a method of quickly evaluate the traumatic degree was established,and the correlation between indifferent grade trauma and appropriate interventions that include surgical and conservative treatment was studied.Results 52 patients with 71 lesions,compound injuries accounted for 82.7％ (43/52).Among them,37 lesions were Ⅰ-Ⅲ grade trauma,34 lesions were severe trauma of Ⅳ-Ⅴ grade.The lesions complicated with active bleeding were 76.1％ (54/71).The amount of peritoneal fluid was increased significantly within 30 min (P ＜0.05) in traumatic lesions with rapid bleeding.Among of 50lesions associated with active bleeding,the surgical treatment was 24.0％ (12/50),the conservative treatment was 76.0％ (38/50).Among of trauma lesions involving the two following vessels,Ⅰ-Ⅲ grade was 97.3％ (36/37),Ⅳ-Ⅴ grade was 61.8％ (21/34).Trauma involvement above level 2 focal blood vessels,surgical treatment accounted for 23.1％ (12/52),conservative treatment accounted for 44.2％(23/52).Conclusions The severity of the trauma can not be a comprehensive response by AAST,becauce it is not only related to the scope of the traumatic lesions,vascular level,also involved with the trauma associated with active bleeding,bleeding speed and amount of peritoneal effusion and other factors.