Objective: It is important to prevent dispensing errors for the safety of patients.  For this purpose, it is necessary to improve the dispensing process on the basis of risk priority.  Quantitative evaluation of risk in each operation makes it possible to compare the risk relatively.  In this study, we analyzed data reported in the Pharmacy Risk Error Management System (PREM-S) to evaluate the risk priority in the medicine preparation step of the dispensing process.
Methods: Data of 1,202 cases concerning medicine preparation step were extracted from in 2,458 cases reported into PREM-S between May 2010 and April 2011.  We classified the medicine preparation step into 31 categories based on the operation.  We analyzed the levels in each category as adverse effects on patient’s health by the errors and also the relationship between adverse effect and detection time.  The level represents the degree of adverse effect for the patient.
Results: Information on levels of the 31 categories was obtained from the analysis.  Eight categories included reports of effects on the health of patients.  Three categories such as calculation of powder medicine included level 4 cases.  Detection time was significantly different between level 1 and levels 2 to 4, but there was no significant difference between levels 2 to 4.
Conclusion: The results suggest that analysis of data reported in PREM-S enables evaluation of the risk priority systematically and efficiently.  Evaluation of the risk priority will contribute to prevention of dispensing errors and health effects derived from them.

　　Neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma is very rare in comparison with carcinoma of the cervix. In addition, it causes quite often metastasizes and has high recurrence rates. Furthermore, the mortality rate is high even among patients with early stage disease treated with common chemotherapy.　　We described a recurrent case of neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma, in which radiation therapy was delivered successfully but the disease relapsed during postoperative chemotherapy.

Objective: The influence of depression, anxiety, and family function in breast cancer patients on the quality of life of their children was investigated from the perspective of the participants’ demographic characteristics after controlling for their attributes. Methods: The demographic characteristics and confounding factors were divided into two subgroups, and two-factor analysis of variance was conducted with depression, anxiety, and family function as the independent variables, and the children’s quality of life scores as the dependent variable. Results: The quality of life of children in each characteristic demographic-subgroup was significantly lower when their mother had high depressed. Moreover, the quality of life in children of the subgroup with mothers receiving chemotherapy varied according to the quality of family function regardless of having siblings. Conclusion: It is necessary to focus on the conditions of children in addition to the psychological status of breast cancer patients. This investigation suggested that understanding mothers’ psychological status helps to identify children’s psychosocial problems. Moreover, it is suggested that the demographic characteristics of families with breast cancer patients should be considered when approaching mothers’ psychological status and family function.

BACKGROUND: Although fat accumulation in human organs is associated with a variety of diseases, there is little evidence about the effect of a fatty pancreas on the development of subclinical chronic pancreatitis over the clinical course. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study from 2008 to 2014 of patients who underwent a medical checkup consultation for fat accumulated in the pancreas. Patients included in the analysis were divided into a non-fatty pancreas group (n = 9710) and fatty pancreas group (n = 223). The primary end point was the odds ratio (OR) for chronic pancreatitis associated with fatty pancreas, which was diagnosed using ultrasonography. We used a multiple logistic regression model to estimate the OR and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Ninety-two people were diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis, including both presumptive and definitive diagnoses. Twelve people were diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis by ultrasonography among the 223 patients with fatty pancreas, and 80 patients among 9710 were diagnosed with non-fatty pancreas. The crude OR was 6.85 (95% CI 3.68, 12.75), and the multiple adjusted OR was 3.96 (95% CI 2.04, 7.66). CONCLUSIONS Fat accumulation in the pancreas could be a risk factor for developing subclinical chronic pancreatitis.
Adipose Tissue ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Japan ; epidemiology ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; epidemiology