In order to support coronary circulation for the ischemic myocardium, the effect of simultaneous driving by means of SCSR and IABP was experimentally studied in 28 pigs. A myocardial infarction model was prepared by ligating branches of left anterior descending (LAD). All the animals were divided into four groups: controls, IABP-, SCSR-, and SCSR with IABP-assisted. The results were evaluated as to chronological hemodynamic changes, infarct areas as depicted by epicardial mapping electrocardiograms, myocardial regional blood flow, and morphological changes. All the groups with assist devices showed improved hemodynamic features compared with the control group. The SCSR+IABP group achieved the best recovery from infarction among the groups. A remarkable improvement of ischemic change in the area bordering the infarct was confirmed morphologically. In conclusion it is suggested that simultaneous driving of SCSR and IABP provides an effective auxiliary circulation for serious cases of ischemic heart disease in which antegrade coronary flow is reduced significantly.

Cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery is a rare cause of lower extremity occlusive disease. We report 2 cases of this disease. Two male patients aged 27 and 59 year old complaining of intermittent claudication visited our vascular service. Angiography showed a smooth sharp defect of the popliteal artery. Postcontrast computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed a cystic lesion around the popliteal artery. One patient underwent resection of the cyst, which in the other patient endscopic surgery was performed with the aid of intravascular ultrasonograpy and intravascular endscope. Fifty three cases of this disease have been reported in Japan so far. These patients included 45 men and 8 women with a mean age of 47.7, ranging from 19 to 76 years old. Chief complaints were commonly intermittent claudication and sensory disturbance. In all cases, angiography revealed a smooth sharp defect. Recently 3D-CT scan, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) also are accurate for cystic lesions around the popliteal artery and these new technologies easily distinguish such cases from arteriosclerosis obliterans, Buerger disease and popliteal entrapment syndrome. Treatment consist resection of the cyst, in 27 cases reconstruction of the popliteal artery using a saphenous vein graft or artificial graft in 19 cases, percutaneus aspiration under the guide of CT and endscopy in 2 cases and 1 with spontaneous resolution, was seen in 1 case. In conclusion, we encountered 2 cases of cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery. 3D-CT scan, ultrasonography and MRA were useful for preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of postoperative condition.

It has been reported that the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) should be used for CABG when its free flow is more than 40-80ml/min. In the past 6 years, 120 cases of CABG have been performed in our institution. In 71 of these 120 cases, LITA was anastomosed to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). These 71 cases can be divided into the following two groups: Group L consists of 14 cases, in which LITA-FF was less than 20ml/min. Group H consists of 57 cases, in which LITA-FF was 21ml/min or more. In all cases, LITA was dissected by electrocauterization. Papaverine administration and balloon dilation of LITA were not employed. We performed a comparison study between the groups based on post operative coronary angiographic findings. In group H, LITA graft occlusion was identified in 3 cases, and “string sign” in 7 cases. In group L, “string sign” was identified in only 1 case, and there was no LITA graft occlusion. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Satisfactory results of early graft patency were achieved as follows: 94.7% in group H, 100% in group L. These results suggest that LITA can be used for CABG, even when the free flow is less than 20ml/min.

We investigated the clinical results of coronary arterial bypass grafting (CABG), using a terminal warm blood cardioplegia (TWBCP) for myocardial preservation. In the past 6 years, 102 cases of CABG have been performed at our institution. These 102 cases were divided into the following two groups; (1) Group T, consisting of 41 cases, in which TWBCP was employed; (2) Group non-T, consisting of 61 cases, in which TWBCP was not employed. We performed a comparative study between the groups on the perioperative cardiac function and so on. Between the two groups, there were no significant differences in age, gender, preoperative ejection fraction (EF), operative time, cardiopulmonary bypass time (CPBT) and the level of CPK-MB. In group T, the number of grafts was significantly more than that in group non-T (p=0.002). Aortic cross-clamp time was significantly longer in group T. However, the duration of assisted circulation after aortic declamp was significantly longer in group non-T than that of group T (p=0.01). The incidence of ventricular fibrillation after release of aortic clamp in group T was 9.8%, while it was 67.2% in group non-T, showing a significant difference. Furthermore, the postoperative cardiac index in group T was significantly higher than that in group non-T. These results suggest that it is important for the myocardium, to recover from its ischemic damage caused by VF after release of aortic cross-clamp. In conclusion, we consider it effective to employ TWBCP in CABG to improve postoperative cardiac function.

An 85-year-old man was admitted complaining of chest pain. The ECG showed ST depression in leads II, III, _aV_F, V₃-V₆ and Q wave in leads I, _aV_L with elevation in ST segments. An emergency coronary angiography revealed 75% stenosis in the left main trunk, 75-90% stenosis in the left anterior descending artery, total occlusion in the acute marginal branch, 75% stenosis in the left circumflex artery, and 75% stenosis in the right coronary artery. He was treated medically, because he was old and his hemodynamics were stable. About 39h later, he lost consciousness suddenly and was shown to have cardiogenic shock. Echocardiogram revealed pericardial effusion. Percutaneous drainage was performed, resulting in improved blood pressure and level of consciousness. He was transferred to Okaya Enrei Hospital and received emergency surgery for subacute LVFWR. A sutureless repair and coronary bypass was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac arrest. He experienced no major complication and was discharged 40 days after surgery. It is concluded that the sutureless technique allowed for a shorter operation time and concomitant coronary bypass successfully prevented pseudoaneurysm and improved cardiac function. A higher quality operation is possible by using a combination of on-pump, cardiac arrest, coronary bypass and left ventricle repair with the sutureless technique in such cases in which treatment is needed for cardiac arrest as in the above example. This method contributed to an improved prognosis.

Ten patients after coronary artery bypass grafting had reoperatinons and eight patients underwent postoperative PTCA at Nihon University Hospital from 1970 to July 1991. The difference of age between the reoperation group and the postoperative PTCA group is not significant. Most patients of the reoperation group and all of the PTCA group were male. Symptoms of the patients who required again surgical treatment or PTCA were almost reattack of angina and many cases were complicated by the coronary risk factors, particularly uncontrolled hypercholesterolemia and smoking. The bypass numbers of the reoperation group in the first operation were 2.1 and those of the PTCA group were 3.5. The difference of them was statistically significant (p<0.05). The period from the primary operation to the second treatment also showed statistically significant difference between two groups (p<0.05) (reoperation group: 81.8 months, PTCA group: 55.7 months). In the reoperation group, there were two operative deaths, two late deaths (not caused by heart disease), and the others remained asymptomatic. In PTCA group, no one had died, but four patients repeated attacks of chest pain after PTCA (mean interval 2.3 months), and two of them underwent re-PTCA. For a symptomatic case whose native coronary arteries or vein grafts show progressive stenosis and who have undergone PTCA, reoperation is recommendable as an effective treatment to relieve the symptom.

A case of pseudoaneurysm of the external iliac artery after a total hip arthroplasty is reported. A 48-year-old man had undergone a total left hip arthroplasty 5 years previously. Acute arterial occlusion (AAO) of the left lower extremity occurred 3 times. AAO was due to pseudoaneurysm of the external iliac artery, which was detected by rotating digital subtraction angiography (DAS). Aneurysmectomy and reconstruction were carried out. Rotating DSA was useful for the diagnosis of this unusual case of pseudoaneurysm of the external iliac artery after a total hip arthroplasty is unusual.

We encountered a recurrent suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patient with coronary artery disease and hyperlipidemia after repair of infrareanal AAA. A 72-year-old woman complaining of an abdominal throbbing mass was admitted. Computed tomography (CT) and aortography revealed infrarenal AAA which was totally removed and Dacron graft was replaced. The patient was followed as an outpatient. At the time of initial graft replacement there was no remarkable aneurysmal change in suprarenal abdominal aorta. Five years after the initial operation, a suprarenal AAA 5cm in diameter was detected by ultra sonographic examination. CT scan and aortography confirmed suprarenal AAA involving the celiac trunk of the supramesenteric artery and renal artery. Redo AAA operation with reconstruction of these branches was performed under V-A bypass support in a thoracoabdominal approach. Slight renal and liver dysfunction occurred postoperatively. However, serum creatine GOT and GPT values normalized by the ninth postoperative day. Postoperative aortography revealed patency of all branches.

Reperfusion injury occasionally occurred after revasculization of acute arterial occlusion (AAO). The most common reason of death is myonephropatic metabolic syndrome due to reperfusion injury. This paper focusses on the criterion of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). From January 1987 to April 1996, we treated 89 patients (male 59/female 30) with lower limb AAO. The mean age was 68.5 (ranging from 16 to 94) years old. There were 59 cases of thrombosis, 25 of embolism, 2 trauma and 3 dissecting aneurysm of the aorta. These patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not they fulfilled the criterion of SIRS. Of these patients, 46 cases met the criterion of SIRS (SIRS group) but the other 43 did not (non-SIRS group). We compared the two groups. The mortality of the SIRS group (23.9%) was higher than the non-SIRS group (2.3%). The ischemic time of the SIRS group (83.1±113.3 hours) was longer than the non-SIRS group (37.5±38.2 hours). Complications of MNMS were more common in the SIRS group (15.3%) than in the non-SIRS group (2.3%). The ischemic area in the SIRS group was remarkably less than in the non-SIRS group. Conclusion: The criterion of SIRS as indicated by the measurement of interleukin 8 (IL-8) was a useful prognostic parameter for limb salvage rate and mortality of AAO patients.

In general the incidence of peripheral arterial aneurysm is said to be low. We focussed on popliteal aneurysm and enrolled 18 legs in 14 patients with popliteal aneurysm who visited us during the period from 1974 to January 1998 in our study. Acute arterial occlusion was observed as a complication in 6 of the 14 patients (42.9%) and rupture developed in 4 patients (28.6%), and on those occasions this disease was frequently detected and treated for the first time. Although this disease is said to scarcely affect prognosis, we encountered patients for whom amputation of the leg was unfortunately required. This disease was thus considered to require sufficient care. Popliteal arterial aneurysm is frequently palpable from the body surface and increased recognition of this disease should enable more appropriate treatment.