To assess the changes in attitudes toward smoking after the smoking-prevention classes presented by Kumamoto Tobacco-Free Forum, this study administered a questionnaire survey to first-year junior high school students before and after a smoking-prevention class at a junior high school. The questionnaire that was used to pre and post comparison comprised thirteen items, ten from the Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND-Youth) and three as follows: “I think I will be a smoker in the future,” “I think I will smoke about once,” and “What do you think of people around you who smoke tobacco?” The results of this pre- and post-class questionnaire indicate that attitudes toward seven items improved in a statistically significant way. These included four from KTSND-Youth: “Smokers cannot stop even if they want to,” “Smoking is adult-like and cool,” “Smoking is enjoys taste and a fragrance,” and “If it’s a place with an ashtray, it’s okay to smoke.” The smoking-prevention classes significantly decreased total KTSND-Youth scores. Furthermore, the analysis has clarified that the KTSND-Youth items: “Smoking is adult-like and cool” and “Doctor and school teachers say, ‘Tobacco is no good too much”, as well as the item “What do you think of people around you who smoke tobacco?” are significantly influencing factors for the item “I will be a smoker in the future.” These results indicate that the smoking-prevention classes presented by Kumamoto Tobacco-Free Forum were effective for decline in social nicotine dependence of the first-year students in junior high school.

  Dietary management during chemotherapy for cancer can improve a patient's nutritional status through an adequate dietary intake, and increase the therapeutic effect.  In this study, we performed a questionnaire survey of inpatients in chemotherapy about their dietary preferences and changes in their senses of taste and smell, with the aim of producing a ‘chemotherapy menu’, utilizing recipes and foodstuffs to produce a palatable menu for those patients with their appetite diminished. We received responses from 102 out of 109 in patients surveyed (94%). Of the respondents, 66% rerealed that they had a decrease in appetite during chemotherapy, of whom 85% complained of extremely poor appetite. The smell of fish dishes disturbed 29% of the respondents, of whom 62% reported a stronger aversion to hot dishes. The foods easy to eat were found to be fruits, noodles, and soups. Meat and fish dishes, white rice, and stews were difficult to eat. Seasoning with tomato sauce made food difficult to eat for 44% of the respondents, whereas soy sauce was shunned by only 6%. The survey also found that 38% liked the use of Furikake (dried seasoning sprinkles), because it could make the meals palatable.  Based on the survey results, we devised an 8-day ‘chemotherapy menu’. It includes a Japanese style breakfast, with bread as an option, and many foods easy to eat, such as flavoured rice, sushi, noodles, sandwiches, and fruits. We have offered this menu to 47 inpatients, with average eating rates of greater than 70% for both rice and dishes. We will further conduct surveys with a view to producing a ‘chemotherapy menu’ palatable for as many patients as possible.

We implemented a questionnaire survey targeting mothers who are in child care and had participated in consultations regarding drugs and diseases. We examined the future roles of community pharmacists by exploring the mothers’ concerns and, anxieties about child cares and their backgrounds, and their expectations for profession of community pharmacist. Mothers have listed anxiety and concerns of child care about “dermatitis such as rash and atopic eczema”; “food allergies”; “infectious diseases such as measles, chicken pox, and mumps”; and “side effects of vaccination”. In addition, most of them indicated their own concerns and anxiety about “solutions to children’s illnesses.” Despite their anxieties and concerns, however, approximately 60% of the mothers have never consulted with community pharmacists. Among them, approximately a half of them indicated the following three reasons why they have never consulted with pharmacists: “I have nothing to talk about,”, “I do not know what I should talk about,”, and “I was not sure if it was alright to talk about my concerns.”. From these results, we concluded that community pharmacists in the future should improve their communication skills and inform their availability to consult about medicine and disease to local residents.

The University of Tokyo Disability Services Office and the University of Tokyo Hospital have striven to advance the inclusion of individuals with disabilities and to encourage the co-production of research as well as mental health services with peer support workers. In convergence with these endeavors, the Center for Diversity in Medical Education and Research (CDMER) was founded in 2021. The Center aims to establish an environment and culture that facilitates the participation and success of medical professionals with disabilities. For this purpose, it is essential to integrate the perspective of the social model of disability into medical education and promote co-production in the medical field, which is among the most challenging areas that can realize co-production. The Center is involved in various educational and research activities, including managing educational programs for medical students and supporting student-led research.