Objective To assess the significance of intima‐media thickness(IM T )combined with HCY ,HbA1c and blood lipid in‐dexes in patients with cerebral infarction .Methods 100 cases of patients with cerebral infarction were enrolled in the experiment group ,and were divided into normal blood glucose group ,high blood glucose group and diabetes mellitus(DM)group .60 healthy in‐dividuals were enrolled in the control group .The serum leves of HCY and HbA1c were detected ,and the IMT was determined by u‐sing ultrasonic examination .Results The positive rate of increase of IMT in the exprement group(70% ) were higher than that in the control group(10% ) ,there were significant differences between the two groups (P<0 .05) .The levels of HCY and HbA1c and IMT were higer in the exprement group compared withthose in the control group ,there was significant difference between the two groups(P<0 .05) .The serum levels of HbA1c and IMT were higher in the high blood glucose group and the DM group compared with those in the control group ,there were significant differences between the two groups (P<0 .05) .The sensitivity ,susceptibility and accuracy of IMT combined with HCY ,HbA1c and blood lipid indexes were 97 .1% ,87 .5% and 94 .0% .Conclusion The ultra‐sonic examination combined with biochemical indexes related to cerebral infarction could increase detection rate of cerebral infarc‐tion ,and the ensitivity ,susceptibility and accuracy could also increase .

Objective To study the immunohistochemistry change of neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) during the chronic spinal cord compression. Methods 18 healthy rabbits were randomly divided into normal,control and compressed groups.Membranous sac filled with cardiografin was applied to produce an animal model of chronic spinal cord compression.The sac was gradually enlarged resulting in chronic spinal cord compression in compressed groups for 12 weeks.Nissl's staining was applied to observe histopathological change and immunohistochemistry to nNOS change. Results The damage of motorneurons in the compressed block of compressed group was observed.No histopathological change was observed in normal and control groups.The number of nNOS positive motor neurons in the compressed block of compressed group was higher than that in the blocks of other groups.Conclusion\ The NO synthesis increased in chronic spinal cord injury.\;[

Objective: To explore the impact of renal function injury on diagnostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with heart failure (HF).
Methods: A total of 420 patients with cardiovascular disease at (50-75) years of age were divided into 2 groups based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): Control group, the patients with normal cardiac function, LVEF≥40%,n=232 and HF group, LVEF<40%,n=188. According to estimated glomerular ifltration rate (eGFR), each group contained 4 subgroups by Normal renal function (eGFR≥90 ml/min·1.73m2), Mild renal injury (90>eGFR≥60 ml/min·1.73m2), Moderate renal injury (60>eGFR≥30 ml/min·1.73m2) and Severe renal injury (eGFR<30 ml/min·1.73m2). The changes of NT-proBNP level at different subgroups were observed and the optimal cut-off values of NT-proBNP for HF diagnosis were measured.
Results: Compared with Control group, HF group had increased blood level of NT-proBNP,P<0.05; NT-proBNP level was negatively related to eGFR (in all patients:r=-0.664, in Control group:r=-0.686 and in HF group:r=-0.721,P<0.05). Within Control group, NT-proBNP level was similar between Normal renal function and Mild renal injury subgroups,P>0.05, while it was much higher in Moderate and Severe renal injury subgroups than Normal renal function subgroup,P<0.05. Within HF group, Severe renal injury subgroup had increased NT-proBNP level than other subgroups,P<0.05. The best cut-off value of NT-proBNP for HF diagnosis in patients with normal or mild renal injury was 1070 pg/mL (sensitivity: 91.8% and speciifcity 72.6%); with moderate renal injury was 7121 pg/mL (sensitivity: 80.2% and speciifcity: 89.7%); with severe renal injury was 33344 pg/mL (sensitivity: 83.3% and speciifcity: 80%).
Conclusion: Moderate to severe renal function injury could increase circulating level of NT-proBNP and therefore, the cut-off value of NT-proBNP for HF diagnosis should be elevated accordingly in patients of HF combing renal injury.

Exosomes are produced by multivesicular bodies,they are extracellular lipid nano-vesicles carrying a variety off bioactive substances,containing lipids,RNA,DNA and proteins.Exosomes produced by tumor cells carry important information about tumor cells.Exosomes produced by hepatocellular carcinoma can participate in the formation of a microenvironment suitable for the proliferation,growth,invasion,metastasis and drug resistance of tumor cells.Meanwhile,circulating exosomes can be used as non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of tumors and as drug delivery vectors for treatment.This review summarizes the characteristics of exosomes in the growth,invasion and metastasis,immune escape,and drug resistance biology of hepatocellular carcinoma,as well as the potential clinical application of early detection and treatment.

Objective To assess the CT characteristics of thoracoabdominal localized Castleman disease (LCD) in 55 cases and correlate with histopathologic features. Methods Fifty-five patients with LCD proved histopathologically in thorax ( n = 25 ) and abdomen ( n = 30 ) were collected during past 20 years. The unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT were performed in all patients. Two radiologists reviewed CT images and the CT findings were analyzed simultaneously. Results In 54 patients with hyaline-vascular type ( n = 50 ) and mixed type ( n = 4 ) localized CD, the lesion typically presented as solitary mass (90. 7% , 49 cases), with irregular or lobular or infiltrative margin ( 83.3% , 45 cases),central calcification (38. 9%, 21 cases), marked enhancement (100% , 54 cases), focal non-necrosis low attenuation areas (72. 2%, 39 cases), lymphadenopathy (70.4%, 38 cases) and dilated feeding vessels adjacent to the mass (96.3%, 52 cases). One lesion with plasma cell type localized CD presented as a mass with irregular margin, mild enhancement and central necrosis. Four morphologic patterns wereclassified on CT, including solitary mass with well-circumscribed margin (n =4), irregular or lobular margin ( n = 30), infiltrative or halo-like margin ( n = 16 ), and multiple coalescent maasses ( n = 5 ). Conclusion CT features of thoracoabdominal localized CD are closely related to the location and pathological type. LCD with hyaline-vascular and mixed type has typical CT characteristics, while LCD with plasma cell type has no typical CT findings.