Objective To study the pre-existing intimal hyperplasia and the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in great saphenous vein(GSV) among the patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG).Methods Segments of GSV were collected from 20 patients with diabetes mellitus and 22 patients without diabetes mellitus undergoing CABG.Morphometric analysis was performed after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining by microscopic computer analysis.Immunohistochemistry staining was used to examine the expression of NF-κB and VCAM-1 in intima.Results Pre-existing intimal hyperplasia was more common and server in GSV of the patients with diabetes mellitus.The expression of NF-κB and VCAM-1 were significantly higher in intima of GSV in patients with diabetes mellitus than patients without diabetes mellitus.The expression of VCAM-1 was positively related to NFκB in intima of GSV.Conclusion The pre-existing intimal hyperplasia and the expression of NF-κB and VCAM-1 were more common and server in GSV of the patients with diabetes mellitus than patients without diabetes mellitus.This can partially explain the poor prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus after CABG.

Objective To investigate effects of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) used in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in elderly patients.Methods 60 elderly patients (aged ≥65 years) received CABG surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass,of which 30 patients using ANH techniques and 30 patients without ANH techniques.Results All patients were revascularized completely with stable surgical procedure,no serious complications and no operative mortality were found.Oxygen supplying was balanced with demanding,without tissue hypoxia.Indicators of the myocardial protective effect,coagulation,liver function,kidney function,glucose metabolism,negative nitrogen balance,and postoperative drainage volume were not significantly different between the two groups (P＞0.05).Allogeneic blood transfusion volume was significantly lower in study group than in control group[(0.9±0.9)U vs.(2.5±1.2)U,t=2.704,P＜0.01].Conclusions The ANH technique used in CABG operation in appropriate elderly patient is feasible and safe,with satisfactory clinical results.

0. 05). Creatinine clearance improved significantly in group C from a mean value of (90?23)ml/min preoperatively to (139?46)ml/min during operation (P

Objective To analyze the mid- and long-term results after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), to evaluate the accuracy of multi-detector CT coronary angiography (MDCT) on the graft patency status and to compare the patency for different grafts. Methods One hundred and one cases underwent CABG from June 1992 to March 2008 were followed up by searching the database of MDCT (42 cases) and selective coronary angiography (SCA, 59 cases). The mean following up period was (66.79 ±44.27) months. Three hundreds and 10 grafts including 115 arterial and 195 venous were analyzed.A comparison of the patency rate between the arterial and venous grafts was also carried out. At the mean time, 2 groups were divided according to the paft lesions( patency of not). Uunivariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis were made for statistics. Results At the follow-up of (53.93 ± 36.80) months, the patent rate of LIMA, RA, SV and CV examined by MDCT was 94.7%, 92.0%, 85.9% and 60.0%, respectively. The patent rate for MDCT patients with angina was 83.5%, and 95.2% for angina-free group ( P = 0.046). At the follow-up of (75.95 ±47.09) months, the patent rate of LIMA, RA, SV and CV examined by SCA was 87.1%, 81.0%, 53.6% and 57. 1%, respectively. In SCA patients the patent rate was 62.0% for angina group and 100% for angina-free group ( P = 0.025 ). According to logistic regression analysis, only the postoperative period was statistically related to the graft lesion. Conclusion MDCT could find out the occlusions and obvious stenoses of the grafts after CABG. It might be served as a noninvasive method to evaluate the grafts patency postoperatively. The mid- and long-term patency of arterial grafts is better than venous grafts. Graft lesion is an important factor leading to postoperative recurrent angina pectoris. The severity of the graft lesion has a close relation to the lenth of postoperative period.

Objective To investigate effects of acute normovolemic hemodilution(ANH) used in on-pump coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) surgery.Methods 60 patients had received CABG surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass,of which 30 patients using ANH techniques and 30 patients using no ANH techniques.A series of index were observed and compared between the two groups after operation.Results All patients had been revascularized completely with stable surgical procedure,no serious complications,no operative mortality.Oxygen supplying was balanced with demanding,without tissue hypoxia.Indicators of myocardial protective effect,coagulation,kidney function,degree of systemic inflammatory reaction and postoperative drainage volume were not significantly different between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Allogeneic blood transfusion volume of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group [(1.1 ± 0.8) U vs.(2.3 ± 1.1) U,P ＜ 0.05].Condusion The ANH technique used in CABG operation on appropriate patient is feasible and safe,with satisfactory clinical result.

Objective To investigate the changes of hemodynamics,cardiac troponin T(cTNT) and CK-MB zymogram perioperatively in elderly patients receiving off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods Totally 40 elderly patients (age＞65 years) undergoing surgical revascularization in our hospital were reviewed.20 patients were received off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (group A),20 patients received on-pump surgery (group B).The cardiac output index (CI) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) of each patient were recorded at the time of preoperative (T1),surgery completion (T2) and first day after surgery (T3).cTNT and CKMB of all patients were detected perioperatively.Results The level of CI was increased after operation,whereas CI of group A in T2 was significantly higher than that of group B [(3.92±0.43) L· min-1 · m-2 & (3.81±0.52)L · min 1 · m-2,t=2.036,P＜0.05).SVRI was decreased after operation,there was no difference between the two groups during the same time (P＞0.05).The levels of cTNT and CK-MB were within normal range before operation,whereas enhanced immediately after operation and returned to normal within the 7th day.The level of CK-MB in group B after operation was higher than that in group A [(11.8±4.4)tμg/L vs.(8.4±4.3)μg/L,t=2.214,P＜0.05) ；The level of cTNT in group B at 1st day after operation was increaesd compared with that in group A [(0.23±0.12)μg/L vs.(0.l1±0.09)μg/L],t=2.189,P＜0.05).Conclusions Both off-pump and on-pump CABG could improve the cardiac output and get approving myocardial protection effects in elderly patients,the effect of off-pump CABG might be superior to that of onpump CABG comparatively.

Objective To compare the influences of off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting operation on plasma thyroid hormones.Methods Forty patients undergoing coronary surgery were randomly divided into off-pump group(n=20)and on- pump group(n=20).Plasma thyroid hormones(T_3,T_4,FT_3,FT_4,rT_3)and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)were studied perio- peratively.Results Before operation,the values of aU the variables were within normal range in the two groups.In off-pump group, T_3 and FT_3 concentration dropped significantly after operation,reaching the lowest value at first day postoperatively[T_3:(39.7?6.2) ng/dl vs.(78.6?2.1)ng/dl,P0.05),which were within normal range all along,rT_3 concentration rose significantly after operation,reaching the highest value at third day postoperatively[(82.1?26.8)ng/dl vs.(42.3?15.6)ng/dl, P0.05),whereas baseline,operative and postoperative variables were similar.Con- clusion Off-pump operation has some influences on plasma thyroid hormones,showing"low T_3 syndrome"postoperatively,that is similar to what on-pump operation does.

0.05).The serum concentrations of CK-MB changed unsignificantly between reperfusion and perfusion period in either group.In both groups LDH_1 level was less than that of LDH_2 during reperfusion period. Conclusion:Continuous potassic warm blood perfusion is reliable for myocardial protection.

Objective Analysis of hybrid cardiac and non-cardiac operations.Methods 11 patients received hybrid operations during 2000 ～2016 in our hospital were summarized, meanwhile another 11 patients undergoing only cardiac sur-gery served as controls.The level of CK-MB, TNI and visual analogue pain scores were recorded.The hospitalization expenses and postoperative hospital time were compared between the two groups .Results There was no death during hospitalization . There were no serious complications such as wound infection, delayed wound healing, postoperative bleeding requiring re-thora-cotomy and hemostasis, malignant arrhythmia, cerebral infarction and so on.Longer operation time[(358 ±79)min vs.(224 ±56)min, P<0.01], more allogeneic red blood cells transfusion[(3.2 ±1.6)U/case vs.(1.1 ±0.8)U/case, P<0.05] and more plasma transfusion[(515 ±234)ml/case vs.(284 ±92)ml/case, P<0.01]in hybrid operation group than those in the control group.There was no significant difference about CK-MB and TNI between two groups perioperatively(P>0.05). The wound pain was mild after cardiac surgery , and the wound pain was moderate after hybrid operation , which had little effect on rehabilitation exercises such as cough.4 days longer of postoperative hospital stay and 23 thousand yuan of hospitalization cost in hybrid operation group than those in the control group.One patient diagnosed of unstable angina pectoris and sigmoid colon cancer with intestinal obstruction was failed to resection of the tumor after received pericardial stripping and coronary ar-tery bypass surgery.The patient died three weeks after surgery due to intestinal obstruction and cachexia .The remaining 10 pa-tients were underwent successful surgery, cured and left hospital.No serious cardiovascular events, tumor recurrence and me-tastasis were found as followed up for 6-20 months.Conclusion Our practices show that hybrid cardiac and non-cardiac op-erations can be done safely and effectively.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate radial artery (RA) and internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts in coronary artery bypass and the use of color Doppler ultrasound in the peri-operative evaluation of IMA and radial-ulnar collateral circulation.

METHODSFrom June 1998 to June 2000, sixty cases of coronary bypass revascularization with RA and IMA were performed. Preoperatively, the radial-ulnar collateral circulation was evaluated with the modified Allen's test, color Doppler ultrasound and noninvasive oxygen saturation measurement. The IMA lumen and blood flow were measured at the first intercostal space with color Doppler ultrasound preoperatively and postoperatively.

RESULTSOne patient (1.7%) died of serious cardiac arrhythmia on the fourth postoperative day. There were no arterial graft harvest related complications. Before harvesting, the ulnar artery blood flow was 30.78 +/- 9.71 ml/min, and it increased to 43.36 +/- 13.98 ml/min (40.87% increase, P < 0.01) after the operation. Compared with the baseline, there was no obvious change of IMA blood flow postoperatively (P > 0.05), but the systolic/diastolic flow ratio markedly decreased from 8.57 +/- 3.98 ml/min to 3.41 +/- 4.87 ml/min (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSArterial grafts can be safely used for coronary bypass revascularization with good results. The ulnar artery blood flow can increase compensatively after RA harvesting. The diastolic blood flow of grafted IMA markedly increased postoperatively. Color Doppler ultrasound was very helpful both in evaluating the radial-ulnar collateral circulation before RA harvesting and in assessing the patency of the grafted IMA after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Adult ; Aged ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; methods ; Coronary Circulation ; Humans ; Mammary Arteries ; transplantation ; Middle Aged ; Radial Artery ; transplantation