Objective To summarize the features of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) examination of mesenteric panniculitis (MP).Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 105 patients with MP who were admitted to the Yangzhou NO.1 People's Hospital between September 2009 and September 2015 were collected.All the patients were diagnosed by MSCT and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR).Observation indicators:(1) imaging features of computed tomography (CT):location,number,shape,size,density,mesenteric vessels and surrounding intestine of the lesions,with or without pseudotumor sign,enlarged fibrous nodules or lymph nodes,pseudocapsule sign,fatring sign,cystolization and calcification;(2) follow-up results.Follow-up using outpatient examination was performed by plain and/or enhanced scans of abdominal CT up to April 2017.Results (1) Imaging features of CT:of 105 patients,77,14 and 14 received respectively plain scans of abdominal CT,plain and enhanced scans of abdominal CT and enhanced scans of abdominal CT.Lesions of 105 patients were located at the mesentery.The single lesion was detected in 79 patients and multiple lesions in 26 patients,with number of lesions of 5-12 per case and total number of 213.All the 105 patients had pseudotumor sign,which showed different size of patchy or mass shadows with clear edge extended from mesentery root to mesenteric vessels;most long axes extended from mesentery root to jejunum in the left lumbar region;the homogeneous or heterogeneous mesenteric fat density was increased,and CT value was higher than that of normal retroperitoneal adipose tissues;fog-like mesentery showed less obvious enhancement by enhanced scan and mesenteric vessels were wrapped around.The cord-like,round or oval fibrous tissue nodules and/or enlarged lymph nodes were found in 100 patients.All the 105 patients had pseudocapsule sign.The density ring of soft tissues of different thickness was found,with a clear boundary between leading-and trail-edges and normal abdominal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues;most membranes extended to left lumbar region,thicker and thinner membranes were respectively located at the anterior and posterior areas and right side,and parts of membranes were absence.The fatring sign was detected in 71 patients,there were ring-like hypodense shadows around the mesenteric vessels and fibrous tissue nodules or lymph nodes.Cystolization and calcification were found in 2 and 2 patients.Thirty-eight patients had surrounding intestinal canal translocation.(2) Follow-up results:55 patients were followed up for 1.0-57.0 months,with an average time of 14.7 months.Of 55 patients,26 had stable lesions and no obvious changes;4 returned to normal due to complete absorption of lesions;19 were improved due to partial absorption of lesions;6 had lesions progressions.Conclusion The features of MSCT examination of MP include pseudotumor sign,pseudocapsule sign and fatring sign.

Objective To summarize the features of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) examination of acute primary epiploic appendagitis,and investigate the clinical value of MSCT.Methods The clinical data of 19 patients with acute primary epiploic appendagitis who were admitted to the Yangzhou No.1 Hospital from December 2009 to March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received MSCT examination,and the data were transported to the work station for multiplanar reconstruction.The location,shape,size,density,peripheral performance and peritoneal thickening were observed.Results The foci of the 19 patients were located adjacent to the colon.One focus was adjacent to the cecum,4 were adjacent to the ascending colon,1 was adjacent to the hepatic flexure of the colon,6 were adjacent to the descending colon,and 7 were adjacent to the sigmoid colon.The shapes of the foci were similar to the oval or ring in 14 cases and similar to the flame in 5 cases.The diameters of the foci were 0.8-3.7 cm.The results of CT plain scan showed that the density of the foci was similar to that of the fat,and the CT value was-101--34 HU.The central density of the foci was lower,while the limbic density was higher.The results of CT enhanced scan showed a ring-like enhancement region in the foci,and the lesion was surrounded by slightly high-density inflammation.Point or linear slightly high-density shadows were detected at the center of the foci in 9 patients.The peritoneum was locally thickened in 14 patients.The colonic wall was locally thickened in 1 patient,and the pelvic effusion was detected in 5 patients.The results of CT reexamination of 4 patients showed that the inflammatory regions were reduced or disappeared,the mass shrank,nodulized or calcified.Conclusions MSCT examination can provide a specific features of primary epiploic appendagitis.It could accurately diagnose acute primary epiploic appendagitis when combined with multiplanar reconstruction.

Objective To compare the efficacies of hepatectomy and liver transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) fulfilling the Milan criteria.Methods From July 2002 to February 2009,121 patients with HCC combined with hepatic cirrhosis fulfilling the Milan criteria were admitted to the Fuzhou General Hospital.Eighty-nine patients who received hepatectomy were in the hepatectomy group,and 32 patients who received liver transplantation were in the liver transplantation group.There were no significant difference in the age,gender,etiology of liver disease,the size of the largest tumor,number of tumors,microscopic venous invasion,microsatellite lesion and tumor differentiation between the 2 groups.The clinical data of the patients in the 2 groups were retrospectively analyzed.The overall survival and disease-free survival were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method,and differences in survival rates between the 2 groups were determined by Log-rank test.COX proportional hazard was used for univariate and multivariate analysis to evaluate the risk factors for prognosis.Results The median period of follow-up was 37 months.The 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 86％,63％ and 44％ in the hepatectomy group,and 87％,70％ and 62％ in the liver transplantation group.There was no significant difference in the overall survival rate between the 2 groups (x2 =1.092,P ＞ 0.05).The 1-,3-,5-year disease-free survival rates were 68％,44％ and 26％ in the hepatectomy group,and 80％,65％ and 52％ in the liver transplantation group.There was a significant difference in the disease-free survival rate between the 2 groups (x2 =4.712,P ＜ 0.05).The result of univariate analysis revealed that microscopic venous invasion and microsatellite lesion were significantly correlated with the survival (Wald =9.625,7.340,P ＜ 0.05),and the result of multivariate analysis indicated that microscopic venous invasion was the independent risk factor influencing the survival (Wald =5.008,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions As for patients with HCC fulfilling the Milan criteria,the overall survival rate of patients who received hepatectomy is not different from those who received liver transplantation,but the disease-free survival rate of patients who received liver transplantation is higher than those who received hepatectomy.Microscopic venous invasion is an independent risk factor influencing the survival.

Objective: To identify confounding factors associated with dental caries prevention, as the basis for the development of subsequent health management plan for dental caries prevention in young children. Methods: From June to September 2019, a questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of young children enrolled in five kindergartens in the district of Shanggang Steel Community, Pudong New District, Shanghai, using the convenience sampling method. The survey included basic demographic characteristics on parents and children, as well as information factor, motivation factor, behavioral skills, and caries prevention behavior. Results: Among 718 parents surveyed, the median information factor score was 8 (7, 9), the median personal motivation factor score was 20 (19, 20), the median social motivation factor score was 9 (8, 10), the median behavioral skills score was 25 (24, 25), and the median caries prevention behavior score was 7 (5, 8). Motivation factor was positively associated with behavioral skills, both information factor and behavioral skills were positively associated with dental caries prevention (P<0.05). Personal motivation factor had a direct influence factor of 0.80 on behavioral skills and an indirect influence factor of 0.15 on dental caries prevention behavior; behavioral skills and information factor had a direct influence factor of 0.19 and 0.26 respectively on dental caries prevention. Conclusion The finding suggest that in addition to oral hygiene information and education for parents of young children, mental support should be a key component of any community-based dental caries prevention program.

Objective:To investigate the clinical evaluation effects of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk assessment scale on preoperative and surgical risk of liver transplantation during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 6 liver transplant recipients who were admitted to Southern Theater Command General Hospital of PLA between January 20 and March 27, 2020 were collected. There were 5 males and 1 female, aged from 42.0 to 62.0 years, with a median age of 53.0 years. There were 6 donors including 5 males and 1 female, aged from 24.0 to 60.0 years, with a median age of 41.5 years. All the donor livers were obtained through the China Organ Transplant Response System. Liver transplantation was performed in the fixed negative pressure operating room, and secondary protective measures were adopted for low-risk donors. Classic orthotopic liver transplantation or Piggyback liver transplantation was performed according to the specific situations of the recipients. Medical staffs in the ward were exposed to the secondary protective measures, and the three-grade protective measures were adopted for medical staffs when the liver transplant recipients had fever or suspected infection. Observation indicators: (1) risk assessment of COVID-19 on liver transplant recipients; (2) risk assessment of COVID-19 on medical staffs of liver transplantation; (3) treatment situations of liver transplant recipients; (4) postoperative situations of liver transplant recipients; (5) follow-up of liver transplant recipients; (6) infection of medical staffs of liver transplantation. Follow-up was performed using outpatient examination or telephone interview to detect whether liver transplant recipients had suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection up to March 2020. Medical staffs who were involved in organ acquisition, transplantation surgery and ward management were followed up to detect whether they had suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection within 14 days. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range). Count data were expressed as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Risk assessment of COVID-19 on liver transplant recipients: all the 6 recipients and their related families were confirmed no contact with suspected COVID-19 patients or travel history in the epidemic area within 14 days. Of the 6 recipients, 1 was diagnosed with fever with body temperature of 38.1 ℃ and was tested negative for chest computer tomography (CT) examination and nucleic acid test for COVID-19; 1 was diagnosed with fever and hypoxemia with body temperature of 38.5 ℃ and was tested negative for nucleic acid test for COVID-19, and the results of chest CT examination showed large amount of pleural effusion in both lungs without invasive pneumonia; other 4 recipients had no clinical symptoms of COVID-19 with negative results of chest CT examination and nucleic acid test for COVID-19. Five of the 6 recipients had no history of contact with COVID-19 patients and 1 recipient had treatment history at hospital of risk level 1. The preoperative risk level of COVID-19 was low in all the 6 liver transplant recipients. (2) Risk assessment of COVID-19 on medical staffs of liver transplantation: of the 6 recipients, 5 had the waiting hospital of risk level 0 and 1 had the waiting hospital of risk level 1. Six recipients had the transplant hospital of risk level 0. (3) Treatment situations of liver transplant recipients: of the 6 recipients, 2 underwent classic orthotopic liver transplantation and 4 underwent piggyback liver transplantation. The cold ischemia time of liver, time of anhepatic phase, volume of intraoperative blood loss, operation time, treatment time at intensive care unit of the 6 recipients were (5.9±2.4)hours, (49±14)minutes, 1 500 mL(range, 800-1 800 mL), (8.9±2.1)hours, 2 days(range, 1-4 days), respectively. Of the 6 recipients, 2 required adjustment of the immunosuppression program, and 4 did not change the immunosuppression program. (4) Postoperative situations of liver transplant recipients: of the 6 recipients, 5 had no postoperative serious infection and 1 had postoperative serious infection. The 5 recipients without postoperative serious infection had the range of the highest temperature as 37.8-38.5 ℃, and returned to normal temperature within postoperative 3 days. All of the 5 recipients who had no postoperative serious infection received chest CT examination with no obvious manifestation of viral pneumonia and were tested negative for nucleic acid test for COVID-19 at 1 week postoperatively, and then were discharged from hospital. One recipient who had postoperative serious infection had gastrointestinal fistula and repeated fever at postoperative 7 days with the highest temperature as 39.2 ℃. This recipient had body temperature returned to normal and good function of the graft after treatment in the isolation ward with active drainage, and was transferred back to local hospital for further rehabilitation treatment. The duration of hospital stay of the 6 recipients were 30 days(range, 15-74 days). (5) Follow-up of liver transplant recipients: all the 6 recipients were followed up for 31.5 days(range, 12.0-64.0 days) with the normal body temperature, and they had negative results of viral pneumonia for chest CT examination and nucleic acid test for COVID-19. (6) Infection of medical staffs of liver transplantation: surgeons, nurses, anesthetists, medical staffs at ICU and medical staffs at liver transplantation center who participated in liver transplantation had good health within postoperative 14 days, without suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection.Conclusions:The COVID-19 risk assessment scale has good safety for liver transplant recipients during the COVID-19 outbreak. It is suggested that organ transplantation can be carried out in low-risk recipients and cautiously carried out in recipients of uncertain risk, but organ transplantation should not be carried out in high-risk recipients.

Objective:To explore the clinical evaluation outcomes of COVID-19 risk assessment scale on organ donation and procurement during the pandemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) and reduce the incidence of donor-derived infection and medical staff infection.Methods:From January 20 to February 29 in 2020, the organ procurement team adopted the COVID-19 risk assessment scale for evaluating 8 potential donors. They were classified into the levels of high/low/uncertain risk by analyzing the risk levels of donation hospitals, clinical characteristics and exposure history. The coordinators, organ evaluators and ward medical staff adopted essential protective measures. The infection status of 2019-nCoV in the above mentioned staff was examined and graft function in the corresponding recipients were observed.Results:Based upon the COVID-19 risk assessment results, the risk level was high (n=8), low (n=5) and uncertain (n=2) and underwent organ procurement. A total of 19 grafts including liver, kidney, pancreas and heart were harvested and successfully utilized for organ transplantation. During the observation period of 14 days, there was no suspected or confirmed infection of 2019-nCoV among coordinators and medical staff. No graft dysfunction or acute rejection was observed during a follow-up period of 4 to 30 days. No recipient was suspected or confirmed to be infected with 2019-nCoV and 6 of them were negative for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid testing after organ transplantation.Conclusions:During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is safe to proceed with donor organ evaluations and procurements according to the result with the COVID-19 risk assessment scale. Low-risk donor organ donation may be carried out, uncertain risk donor organ donation should be performed cautiously and high-risk donations discouraged.

Objective:To explore the role of internal stenting for preventing biliary anastomotic complications during complex duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction of orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods:From December 1, 2018 to April 30, 2020, intraductal stent was placed in 6 cases of complex biliary tract reconstruction during liver transplantation. Postoperative prognosis, recovery of bilirubin and biliary enzymes, management of intraductal stent and occurrence of postoperative biliary complications were observed.Results:All of them recovered and were discharged smoothly and bilirubin and biliary enzymes normalized before discharge. The average peak values of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, total bile acid and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were 83.8±56.4 μmol/L, 151.5±76.3 U/L, 301.7±177.0 U/L and 98.4±80.9 μmol/L and the average turning points of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, total bile acid and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase 2.3±1.0, 3.0±1.1, 3.8±1.2 and 1.8±0.8 days; average time of complete recovery of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, total bile acid and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase 7.7±5.1, 5.0±4.9, 23.5±7.6 and 3.8±2.4 days respectively. Intraductal stent was removed by gastroduodenoscopy ( n=3) and slipped off ( n=3). Except for one case of asymptomatic anastomotic stricture at 1 year post-operation, no biliary complications occurred during follow-ups. Conclusions:The placement of intraductal stent during complex biliary reconstruction of liver transplantation can effectively promote the recovery of postoperative liver function, enhance the quality-of-life of patients, effectively avoid the occurrence of biliary anastomotic complications and ensure the safety of patients.