A 66-year-old man underwent replacement of the ascending aortic arch for acute aortic dissection (Stanford type A). During surgery, an ePTFE synthetic graft was anastomosed to the left axillary artery to transmit blood from the extracorporeal circulation. During arch branch reconstruction, the left axillary artery was anastomosed end-to-end to a Dacron synthetic graft and the ePTFE synthetic graft used to transport blood, and the terminal anastomotic site of the ePTFE synthetic graft was used. At about 3 months postoperatively, a bulge was noted below the left clavicle, and it was diagnosed as seroma based on CT and aspiration biopsy findings. His condition did not improve despite repeated paracentesis and drainage. The ePTFE was resected and replaced with a Dacron synthetic graft, resulting in case of his seroma.

We report a rare case of cardiac metastases of leiomyosarcoma. A 64-year-old woman presented with chest pain. Nineteen years ago, she had undergone resection of uterine leiomyosarcoma 19 years pveviously and 9 years previously, resecting of colon metastases. Echocardiogram and computed tomogram revealed tumor in the right ventricular outflow tract, which moved into the pulmonary artery. Because obstruction of the main pulmonary artery was possible, the tumor was resected. The tumor was leiomyosarcoma, which suggested metastasis from the uterine tumor. No recurrence of the tumor was seen 9 months after surgery despite lack of any treatment.

Among the bacteria isolated from clinical specimens of hospitalized patients, one of the most intractable species was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the causative agent of P. aeruginosa. It resists a variety of antibacterial agents. Carbapenem is known as one of a few that are efficacious for P. aeruginosa infections. Maintaining the drug susceptibility of pathogens leads to the favorable clinical outcome in patients with infections diseases. The excessive use of carbapenem and other antimicrobial agents results in the increase of drug-resistant mutants of P. aeruginosa. At a meeting of the Health Ministry's infectious disease control committee in June 2007, the necessity of using antibacterial agents in more rational ways was highlighted on the suggestion of some member pharmacists. Incidentally, during the periods from January to June and from July to December 2007, we studied the antimicrobial use density (AUD) of carbapenem agents and the occurrence ratio of carbapenem-resistant mutamts of P. aeruginosa. The results showed that the occurrence of drug-resistant mutants decreased in proportion to the decrease of AUD. We believe the investigation of the AUD of any antibacterial agents is an important task pharmacists should take upon themselves to control infectious diseases. By reporting the results of our investigation on a regular basis, we are going to make a modest contribution toward the optimum use of antimicrobial agents.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Antibacterial drugs ; Carbapenems ; control ; occurrence

We encountered 12 patients with 18 anastomotic aneurysms (AA) between November 1976 and October 1989. Ten of them were arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) and 2 were Behcet disease. The interval from initial. operation to reoperation was 65.1±24.0 months in ASO and 7.5±3.0 months in Behcet disease. In ASO, there were no abnormal findings in the prostheses and sutures, whereas the host artery at the anastomotic site widened and weakened. Because the incidence of AA after aortofemoral bypass was much higher in the case with poor run-off at the anastomotic site, it seems to be reasonable to add a distal bypass in the case with poor run-off. In Behcet disease, since AA frequently occurred within the short interval in which anti-inflammatory drugs were given, the arterial reconstruction should be carefully indicated.

We reviewed the clinical course of 127 patients who underwent treatment for atherosclerotic disease between June 1993 and January 2001. There were 108 men and 19 women. The ages ranged from 49 to 88 years with a median age of 71.2 at the time of the first operation. Major risk factors included ischemic heart disease (21%) and diabetes mellitus (20%). Ninety-five percent of the patients were followed successfully and the follow-up period ranged from 0 to 90 months with a mean of 33 months. Two patients died perioperatively due to myocardial infarction. There were 29 late deaths. The overall actuarial survival rate was 69.7% at 5 years. The 5-year actuarial survival rate and the mean survival time for men and women were 71.6%, 66.1 months and 62.3%, 58.9 months. The 5-year late survival rate and the mean survival time for patients with and without ischemic heart disease were 57.0%, 57.4 months and 74.2%, 68.5 months. The differences were not statistically significant. The 5-year late survival rate and the mean survival time for patients with and without diabetes mellitus were 65.5%, 59.1 months and 70.9%, 67.4 months. The differences were not statistically significant. Amputation was performed in 7 patients, the actuarial survival rate at 1 year and the mean survival time were 42.9%, 7.1 months for patients with amputation, and 93.0%, 69.5 months without amputation (p<0.01).

A 63-year-old man was admitted due to acute congestive heart failure. Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated quadricuspid aortic valve malformation with concomitant severe aortic regurgitation. The valve was replaced by a 21mm Edward-MIRA and the postoperative course was uneventful. Although quadricuspid aortic valve is a rare anomaly, its potential for severe valve failure in adulthood should not be neglected.

A 47-year-old man suffered an idiopathic esophageal rupture and an emergency operation was performed. Postoperative CT revealed an aortic dissection at the level of the infra-renal aorta and the right common iliac artery. The maximum diameter of the aorta was 3.0cm, and that of the right common iliac artery was 2.5cm with a patent false lumen. The operation was done using the right extra-peritoneal approach. When the infra-renal aorta was clamped and opened, the false lumen was located on the right anterior wall of the aorta. There were 3 communicating holes presumably being the points of entry or re-entry. A bifurcation Dacron graft was put into the aorta and the bilateral iliac artery. His postoperative course was good and he was discharged on the 15th day after surgery. In this case, since the patient had no history of severe pain except for the time of esophageal rupture, the localized abdominal aortic dissection was suspected to have simultaneously occurred with the idiopathic esophageal rupture.

From November 1976 to December 1991, we performed extra anatomic bypass procedures (EAB) in 100 cases with aortoiliac occlusive disease. The operative procedures included 26 axillo-femoral bypasses (Ax-F), 27 femoro-femoral bypasses (F-F) and 47 aorto-femoro-femoral bypasses (Ao-F-F). The average age was 75.8 years in Ax-F and 73.8 years in F-F. These were significantly higher than that of Ao-F-F (70.8 years). In addition, the rate of limb salvage in Ax-F was 85%, and this group had more critical cases than the other two groups. The cumulative primary patency rate and survival rate at 5 years were 64.4%, 20.8% (Ax-F), 65.9%, 51.1% (F-F) and 96.5%, 70.4% (Ao-F-F) respectively. The late results of Ao-F-F were comparable to direct aorto-femoral bypass procedures performed in our institution during the same period. On the contrary, the results of Ax-F and F-F were discouraging. We suggest that EAB should be selected for high risk, limb salvage cases and in particular, Ax-F and F-F should be limited to patients with nonphysical acting. We are opposed to appealing for an extended indications of EAB and it should not be regarded simply as a low-risk substitute for aorto-femoral bypass.

Vascular trauma of the upper extremities is rare. We have successfully treated a case of laceration of the right subclavian artery induced by chest injury. A 45-year-old man with blunt trauma was admitted and angiography revealed laceration of the right subclavian artery. The injured area was exposed by a median sternal approach. The right common carotid-subclavian artery bypass was successfully performed with autogenous vein graft in less than three hours from admission. He recovered without any neurological deficit or functional disability and returned to his former occupation.

PURPOSE: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a form of arteriosclerosis that occurs in the extremities and involves ischemia. Previous studies have reported that patients with periodontitis are at high risk for PAD. However, the relationship between these 2 diseases has not yet been fully elucidated. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated this relationship by comparing patients with PAD to those with arrhythmia (ARR) as a control group. METHODS: A large-scale survey was conducted of patients with cardiovascular disease who visited Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. We investigated their oral condition and dental clinical measurements, including probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and number of missing teeth; we also collected salivary and subgingival plaque samples and peripheral blood samples. All patients with PAD were extracted from the whole population (n = 25), and a matching number of patients with ARR were extracted (n = 25). Simultaneously, ARR patients were matched to PAD patients in terms of age, gender, prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and the smoking rate (n = 25 in both groups). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the bacterial counts, while the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to measure anti-bacterial antibody titers and proinflammatory cytokine levels in serum. RESULTS: PAD patients had more missing teeth (18.4±2.0) and higher serum levels of C-reactive protein (1.57±0.85 mg/dL) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (70.3±5.7 pg/mL) than ARR patients (12.0±1.7, 0.38±0.21 mg/dL, and 39.3±4.5 pg/mL, respectively). Meanwhile, no statistically significant differences were found in other dental clinical measurements, bacterial antibody titers, or bacterial counts between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that PAD patients had poorer oral and periodontal state with enhanced systemic inflammation.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Arteriosclerosis ; Bacterial Load ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyslipidemias ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Extremities ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Inflammation ; Ischemia ; Methods ; Obesity ; Periodontitis ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; Prevalence ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tooth ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha