OBJECTIVE ToevaluatetheeffectandmechanismofPaecilomyceshepialimycelium
(PHM)onexhaustedfatigueinmice.METHODS Micewereforcedtorun30minadayforconsecutive 18 d using the wheel running fatigue apparatus, and the speed was gradually increased from 10.2 m·min -1 to 12.6 m·min -1 .On d19,these animals were forced to run 60 min to establish an exhausted fatigue model.Every day,40 min before the run training,the animals were ig administered with PHM (140,280,560 mg·kg -1 )and modafinil (13 mg·kg -1 ).The number of electric shocks was recorded on d5,d9,d1 3,d1 7 and d1 9,respectively,and the body mass of each mouse was recorded daily.The levels of muscle glycogen (MG),liver glycogen (LG),serum urea nitrogen (SUN),serum lactic acid (SLA)and serum creatine kinase (CK)were detected by commercially available kits. RESULTS Duringthelastexhaustedrunningond19,thenumberofelectricshocksofthemodelgroup was markedly larger than that of the drug administration groups.When compared to the normal control group,the model group showed a significant decrease in the level of either MG or LG,but a significant increase in the level of either SUN or CK.The nu mber of electric shocks of the PHM in the moderate and high dose groups was 133 ±55 and 1 15 ±41 times,respectively,which was significantly smaller than that of the model group 240 ±89 (P<0.01 ).The levels of MG and LG of the PHM560 mg·kg -1 group were (1 .28 ±0.24)mg·g -1 and (40.9 ±1 0.2)mg·g -1 ,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the model group〔MG:(0.91 ±0.26)mg·g -1 ,LG:(22.2 ±2.9)mg·g -1;P<0.01〕,and the levels of SUN,SLA and CK of this PHM group were (5.8 ±1 .3)mmol·L-1 ,(5.7 ±1 .7)mmol·L-1 and (0.6 ±0.2)kU·L-1 ,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the model group 〔SUN:(7.5 ±2.1 )mmol·L-1 ,SLA:(7.1 ±1 .8)mmol·L-1 ,CK:(0.8 ±0.3)kU·L-1;P<0.05〕.The number of electric shocks of the modafinil group was also significantly smaller than that of the model group (P<0.01 ),but there were not any significant differences between the modafinil group and the model groupinthelevelsofMG,LG,SUN,SLAorCK.CONCLUSION ThisstudyshowsthatPHMcanhelp relieve fatigue,which might be associated with its abilities to increase the storeage of energy sources,to enhance the aerobic metabolis m,and to decrease the accu mulation of metabolic products.

Objective To studythe efficacy of levosimendan in treating refractory heart failure complicating severe renal in sufficiency.Methods Sixty-seven cases of refractory heart failure complicating severe renal insufficiency in the internal medicine department of our hospital were randomly divided into the levosimendan treatment group(L group,n=33)and dopamine treatment group(D group,n=34).The changes of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-pro-BNP),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)and glomerular filtration rate(GFR)before treatment and on 1,3,7,30 d after treatment were compared between the two groups and analyzed.Results Before the treatment,there were no statistically significant differences in the baseline indicators between the two groups(P＞0.05).The group L:the NT-pro-BNP level on 1,3,7 d after treatment was decreased significantly(P＜ 0.05),LVEF on 3,7 d was significantly increased compared with th baseline(P＜0.05)and GFR on 1,3,7,30 d was significantly increased compared with the baseline(P＜0.05).The group D:the NT-pro-BNP level on 7 d of treatment was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),LVEF on 7 d of treatment was significantly increased compared with the baseline(P＜0.05),and no statistically significant changes were observed in GFR on 1,3,7,30 d(P＞0.05).After treatment,NT-pro-BNP,LVEF and GFR significant level values in the group L were better than those in the group D.Conclusion Levosimendan is superior to dopamine in improving heart and renal function for the patients with refractory heart failure complicating severe renal insufficiency.

Objective To investigate the anti-fatigue and anti-hypoxia effect of fermented Paecilomyces hepiali myceli-um (PHM) and to explore its mechanism.Methods Seventy-two naive Kunming male mice were randomly divided into Home, vehicle, modafinil( Mode) , low-dose PHM, moderate-dose PHM, and high-dose PHM groups.All mice were ad-ministrated with the drug or vehicle twice a day during a 14-day period.Except for the Home group, each groups was forced into the wheel fatigue device to receive a climb-run training at the time points of 40 min, 8 h, 24 h and 48 h, and to re-ceive an exhaustive training at the time point of 72 h after the last administration.The number of electric shocks was recor-ded during each training and the levels of muscle glycogen, liver glycogen, serum urea nitrogen, serum lactic acid, serum creatine kinase and blood ATP were detected after the exhaustive training using commercially available kits.In addition, 96 naive Kunming male mice were randomly and equally divided into the vehicle, low-dose, moderate-dose and high-dose PHM groups.Twelve mice in each group were chosen for the normal pressure anti-hypoxia experiment and the other 12 mice were used for the NaNO3 poisoning experiment.Results Compared with the vehicle groups, the PHM group showed a sig-nificant decrease in the number of electric shocks, improvement in biochemical parameters associated with fatigue, and an increased survival time in the anti-hypoxia and the NaNO3 toxicity tests.Conclusion PHM is potentially an effective alter-native for wild Cordyceps in the treatment of fatigue and hypoxia.

Objective To explore the effect of Latexin (Lxn) gene transfection on proliferation of CD13;MIAPaca-2 pancreatic cancer stem-like cells.Methods CD133+ MIAPaca-2 cells were isolated and sorted by magnetic activated cell sorting from pancreatic cancer MIAPaca-2 celt line.CD133+ MIAPaca-2 cells were cultured in serum-free medium and the capacity for proliferation,and tumorigenicity of CD133+ MIAPaca-2 cells was determined by the floating spheres test and tumor xenograft assays.The CD133+ MIAPaca-2 cells were transfected with Lxn plasmid (1,3,5 μg).After transfection,the protein and mRNA expression of Lxn in CD133+ and CD133+-MIAPaca-2 cells were detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR,respectively.Cell proliferation was assayed by CCK-8.Results CD133+ MIAPaca-2 cells were successfully isolated,and it grew into a ball-suspended way,the tumorigenicity rate in nude mice with subcutaneous injection 1 × 105 cancer cells was 100％.After Lxn plasmid transfection,the expression of Lxn in CD133+ MIAPaca-2 cells was increased in a dose dependent manner,the Lxn protein and mRNA expression of tumor cells transfected with 5 μg plasmid was 20.80 ±0.98,16.80± 2.73,which was significantly higher than that in non-transfected cells (1.02 ± 0.01,1.01 ± 0.01),and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).After transfection,cellular proliferation activity also showed a transfection dose and culture time-dependent decrease,the inhibition rate of tumor cells transfected with 0.4 μg plasmid was 36.2％,which was significantly different from that in non-transfected cells (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CD133+ MIAPaca-2 pancreatic cancer cells have some characteristics of cancer stem cells.Lxn gene transfection can inhibit the proliferation of CD133+ MIAPaca-2 cells.

Objective To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)in breast cancer tissues,as well as the relationship between COX-2 and the clinicopathological features.Method The expression of COX-2 was detected in 60 cases of breast cancer tissues and 20 cases of breast normal tissues by using immunohistochemistry,and combined with clinicopathological information for analysis.Results The COX-2 expression rate was 65.0%(39/60)in breast cancer tissues and 10.0%(2/20)in breast normal tissues respectively.There was statistic difference between the two(P<0.01).The over expression of COX-2 was significantly correlated with TNM stages,lymphatic metastasis and the expression of epidermal growuth factor receptor-2(C-erbB-2)(P<0.05 or<0.01).Conclusion The expression of COX-2 in breast cancer tissues is significantly higher,which might play a fairly important role in tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of intramuscular and oral mecobalamin on hematologic markers and neurologic signs in elderly patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.Methods One hundred and twenty-six patients with vitamin B12 deficiency who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 3 groups,42 cases in each,including the intramuscular group (to receive mecobalamin therapy intramuscularly),the oral group ( to receive mecobalamin therapy orally) and the control group ( without mecobalamin therapy).The changes of hematologic markers including hemoglobin (Hb,g/L),mean corpuscular volume (MCV,fl),serum levels of vitamin B12 (ng/L),folate and total homocysteine (Hcy,μmol/L),and neurological signs before and after treatment were compared among these groups.Results Baseline characteristics among the three groups were similar.After a 6-month therapy,there were no differences in any markers in control group patients in comparison to baseline;for patients in the intramuscular group,the blood vitamin B12 levels increased from (139.13 ± 31.57)ng/L to (328.10 ± 42.35 )ng/L (P ＜ 0.001 ).Hcy levels decreased from (36.29 ± 16.23 )μmol/L to ( 18.23 ± 9.85 ) μmol/L ( P ＜ 0.001 ).Hb rose from ( 125.34 ± 16.21 ) g/L to ( 132.79 ± 15.98 )g/L (P =0.037).MCV reduced from (92.98 ±5.35)fl to (87.65 ±5.74)fl (P ＜0.001 ) ;For patients in the oral administration group,the blood vitamin B12 levels increased from ( 138.19 ± 29.95) ng/L to (487.79 ±32.21 ) ng/L ( P ＜ 0.001 ).Hcy levels decreased from ( 33.27 ± 11.51 ) μmol/L to ( 17.49 ± 10.13 ) μmol/L( P ＜ 0.001 ).Hb rose from ( 125.89 ± 17.65 ) g/L to ( 133.46 ± 16.26) g/L ( P =0.041 ).MCV reduced from (93.08 ± 5.10 ) fl to ( 89.29 ± 5.37 ) fl ( P =0.001 ).After the 6-month therapy,there were somewhat improvement in MMSE scores of the intramuscular ( 28.24 ± 3.89 vs.27.85 ± 3.56,P =0.633 ) and the oral groups (27.97 ± 3.77 vs.27.34 ± 3.15,P =0.408 ) compared with baseline,but the differences were not significant.The achilles tendon reflex of the intramuscular ( 1.86 ± 0.67 vs.1.56 ± 0.61,P =0.035 ) and the oral groups ( 1.79 ± 0.64 vs.1.43 ± 0.51,P =0.006 ) were enhanced compared with baseline.Foot vibration sensation of the intramuscular ( 1.35 ± 0.37 vs.1.06 ± 0.41,P =0.001 ) and the oral groups ( 1.24 ± 0.52vs.1.01 ± 0.43,P =0.03) were improved compared with baseline.After treatment,the serum VitB12 concentration in the oral group were higher than that of the intramuscular group ( P ＜ 0.001 ).There were no significant differences in other indexes between the two groups.Conclusion Mecobalamin,administered either intramuscularly or orally,may improve the hematologic markers and neurologic signs in elderly patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.

Objective To analyze the incidence of hospitalized children with Henoch-Sch(o)nle in purpura (HSP) and Henoch-Sch(o)nlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) from 2009 to 2012,and to characterize the epidemiology of HSP and HSPN in Jiangxi province.Methods Inpatients of Jiangxi Children's Hospital with the diagnosis of HSP or HSPN were recruited during 2009 to 2012.The basic messages in the home page of medical records,such as the admission year,sex,age,area coming from were collected.Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 2516 HSP pediatric patients were included in this study.Of whom,412 cases were diagnosed in 2009,568 cases in 2010,750 cases in 2011,786 cases in 2012.Among them,renal damage as the presenting symptom in 110 cases in 2009,148 cases in 2010,198 cases in 2011,and 196 cases in 2012.The average incidence of HSPN was 25.91％ (652/2516).The morbidity of HSPN were similar in different admission years (x2=0.62,P＞0.05).In HSP patients,the ratio between male and female was 1.59∶1; the peak age was 4 to 9 year-old (65.50％,1648/2516).The morbidity of HSPN was similar in both girls and boy patients group (x2=0.14,P＞0.05).The morbidity of HSPN was 18.76％ (163/869) in patients younger than 6 years old,which was lower than 26.85％(359/1337) in patients between age 6 to 11 years old,and the morbidity of HSPN was 41.94％ (130/310) in patients older than 11years old,the difference was significant (x2=65.24,P＜0.01).The morbidity of HSP in the month of year was different,the peak time was between October and December,which as 40.74％(1025/2516).The morbidity of HSPN was 30.23％(208/688) during January to March,higher than in other period of the year (x2=9.87,P＜0.05).In the last four years,there were 824(32.75％) hospitalized patients of HSP in Nanchang district,1692 cases (67.25％) in other areas in Jiangxi province.The morbidity of HSPN in Nanchang district was 17.35％ (143/824),compared with the average level 25.91％(652/2516),the difference was significant (x2=25.08,P＜0.01).Conclusion The number of children diagnosed with HSP is progressively increased from 2009 to 2012 in Jiangxi province.The peak period for HSP is between October and December,and the peak age is 4 to 9 year-old.The incidence of HSPN between January to March group is higher than in other periodof the year.The morbidity of HSPN is increased with age.

Objective To determine the serum level of chernokine CCL27 in patients with psoriasis vulgaris,and to analyse its clinical relevance.Methods A total of 61 patients(40 in progressive stage and 21 in stable stage)with psoriasis vulgaris,with an average disease duration of 37.97±14.34 years,were included in this study.Appropriate thempy was given to these patients.Serum samples were collected from the patients before and after therapy,as well as from 45 healthy human controls.ELISA was applied to examine the serum concentration of CCL27.Clinical severity of psoriasis vulgaris was assessed by psoriasis area and severity index(PASI)score.Results Serum level of CCL27 was 670.02±262.15 ng/L in psoriatic patients,compared to 373.10±92.84 ng/L in the controls(t=8.18.P＜0.01).Increased serum level of CCL27 was observed in patients with progressive psoriasis vulgaris compared to those with stable psoriasis (799.94±214.54 ng/L vs 422.57±135.53 ng/L,t=8.39,P＜0.01).After 8 weeks of therapy,a significant decrease was noticed in the serum level of CCL27 in patients who experienced≥70%reduction in PASI score(t=9.95,P＜0.01).but not in those experiencing a PASI reduction of＜70%(t=1.84,P＞0.05).The serum level of CCL27 was positively correlated with PASI score(r=0.58,P＜0.01).Conclusions The serum level of CCL27 is significantly elevated in patients with psoriasis vulgaris,and it is correlated with the disease severity.

Objective To explore the impact of morphological changes of mitral valve coaptation on ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR),and observe coaptation image of mitral valve in systole in patients with IMR by using real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3D-TEE).Methods RT3D-TEE was performed on 112 patients with IMR and 38 patients without MR as the control.Patients with IMR were divided into group of mild IMR (n =46),group of moderate IMR (n =45) and group of severe IMR (n =21),according to the severity of mitral regurgitation.Mitral valve quantification (MVQ)software of Qlab 8.1 was used for image post-processing of RT3D-TEE.The coaptation parameters was measured,included length of anterior combination(LCA3dlf),length of posterior combination(LCP3dlf),area of anterior combination(A3DTANT) and area of posterior combination (A3DTPOST) at end-systole.Then,these coaptation parameters of mitral valve were compared statistically.Logistic regression assessing was applied for analyzing the results.Results Coaptation line of anterior and posterior leaflets was almost same in normal subjects.With increasing of mitral regurgitation,a tendency to prolong in LCA3dlf and LCP3dlf were observed in IMR (P ＜0.05).Compared to that in mild and moderate IMR groups,besides A3DTANT and A3DTPOST,LCA3dlf and LCP3dlf were also increased significantly in severe IMR group (P ＜0.05).LCP3dlf was an independent correlation factor of IMR by Logistic regression analysis.The sensitivity was 73.3％ and the specificity was 94.7％ when LCP3dlf≥32 mm was regarded as cut-off point,and the area under the ROC curve was 0.949 (0.900～0.999).Conclusions Abnormal coaptation of anterior and posterior leaflets of mitral valve might be one of main cause of IMR.Involution structure of mitral valve before surgery is helpful for surgeon to select an optical surgical procedure and evaluate effects of treatment in patients with IMR.

OBJECTlVE To investigate the effect of Guiyuan tablets on the analgesic effect of morphine and morphine-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. METHODS ① The model of morphine-induced acute tolerance Mice were ig treated with Guiyuan tablets 200, 400 and 800 mg·kg-1 and 15 min later were sc treated with morphine 10 mg·kg-1 every hour for consecutive 9 h. At 24 and 48 h, they were sc treated with morphine 10 mg·kg-1 alone, respectively.②The model of morphine-induced chronic tolerance Mice were ig treated with Guiyuan tablets 200, 400 and 800 mg·kg-1 and 15 min later were sc treated with morphine 10 mg·kg-1 every day for consecutive 8 d. On d 9, the mice were sc treated with morphine 10 mg·kg-1 alone. ③ The model of morphine-induced established tolerance. Mice were sc treated with morphine 10 mg·kg-1 every day for consecutive 8 d. On d 1, d 4 or d 7, the mice began to be ig co-administered with Guiyuan 200 mg·kg-1 . On d 9, they were sc treated with morphine 10 mg·kg-1 alone. The hot-plate test was used to detect the values of the baseline latency ( T0 ) and the post-treatment latency ( T1 ) before the percentage of maximal possible analgesic effect (%MPAE) was calculated. Spec-trophotometry was used to detect the nitric oxide synthase ( NOS) activity and the nitric oxide ( NO) con-tent in the tissue of the spinal cord. RESULTS The ED50 of the analgesic effect of Guiyuan tablets was 523.5 mg·kg-1 in the hot-plate test. Guiyuan tablets 200 and 400 mg·kg-1 prolonged the duration of mor-phine anti-nociception and deceased its ED50 from 4.67 to 3.14 and 0.65 mg·kg-1, respectively. ln the models of both acute and chronic tolerance, Guiyuan tablets prevented the decrease of the%MPAE and the baseline latencies ( P<0. 05 ) . ln the model of morphine-induced established tolerance, Guiyuan tablets rapidly reversed the decrease of%MPAE( P<0.05) , and this compound preparation which began to be co-administered with morphine from d 1 could significantly inhibit the increase of the NOS activity and NO content induced by morphine in the spinal cord ( P<0.01) . CONCLUSlON Guiyuan tablets are capable of enhancing the analgesic effect of morphine, prolonging the duration of morphine anti-nocicep-tion, preventing the development of morphine-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia, and might have neuroprotective effect.