Pinellia ternata， belonging to the Pinellia genus within the Araceae family， is a medicinal plant due to its tubers. There are severe issues with unclear germplasm and mixed varieties in its cultivation， necessitating urgent new variety protection efforts. The distinctness， uniformity， and stability （DUS） testing of the plant variety is the basis for protecting new plant varieties， and the DUS test guidelines are the technical basis for DUS testing. To develop the DUS test guidelines for P. ternata， agronomic traits of 229 germplasm of P. ternata were observed and measured during its two growth stages over the years， and each character was graded and described. A total of 38 traits were selected as the test traits of the DUS test guideline for P. ternata. There were three plant traits， 19 leaf traits， six flower traits， two fruit traits， two tuber traits， five bulbil traits， and one ploidy trait. These traits could be divided into 22 quality characters， 12 quantitative characters， and four pseudo-quantitative characters， as well as seven groups， including plants， leaves， flowers， fruit， tubers， bulbils， and ploidy. By searching for standard traits， 10 standard varieties were ultimately determined. Preparing these guidelines will have great significance for reviewing and protecting P. ternata varieties， safeguarding breeders' rights， and promoting the development of the P. ternata industry.

Objective To assess the effect of early nutritional intervention on the patients with respiratory diseases at nutritional risk. Methods A total of 130 patients with respiratory disease who were hospitalized in Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University between May 2023 and December 2024 and had a nutritional risk screening 2002 score ≥3 points. Based on the initiation time of nutritional intervention, patients were divided into an early group (≤5 days, n＝65) and a late group (＞5 days, n＝65). Results In the early group, prealbumin (P-ALB) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) levels were significantly higher (P＜0.01), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) levels were significantly lower after intervention (P＜0.05). Compared with the late group, the hospital costs were lower and hospital stays were shorter in the early group (P＜0.001). Spearman analysis showed ALB, P-ALB, and total protein (TP) were negatively correlated with hospital costs (r＝－0.37, －0.20, and－0.22, P＜0.05). RBP, ALB, P-ALB, and lymphocyte count (LYM) were negatively correlated with CRP (r＝－0.30, －0.26, －0.37, －0.18, P＜0.01), RBP, ALB, P-ALB, hemoglobin (HB), and TP were negatively correlated with PCT (r＝－0.23,－0.36, －0.40, －0.30, －0.19, P＜0.05). Conclusions For patients with respiratory diseases, early nutritional assessment should be underwent, and for patients with nutritional risk screening 2002 score ≥3 points, early nutritional intervention could improve the nutritional status and alleviate inflammatory response, promote recovery, shorten the hospital stays.

Objective: To analyze the space time characteristics of poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu, in order to provide the reference for formulating myopia prevention and control policies for students. Methods: The data relating to poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu from 2021 to 2023 were sourced from the Sichuan Students Physical Health Big Data Center. The districts and counties of Chengdu were divided into three circles, including the main urban area, suburban districts and counties, and suburban districts and counties. The Chi square test was used for inter group comparison, and the Cochran-Armitage test was used to analyze the trend of changes. Global and local Moran s I were used to analyze spatial clustering. Results: The detection rates of poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu from 2021 to 2023 were 62.47%, 61.61% and 60.78%, respectively, showing a decreasing trend ( Z=-32.01, P <0.01). For each year, the higher detection rate of poor vision among students was detected in the higher level of education, and differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=161 549.47, 173 471.87, 233 459.09, P <0.01). The rate of poor vision among primary and secondary school students gradually decreased from the central districts and counties of Chengdu to the surrounding districts and counties for each year, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=299.20, 776.22, 633.16, P <0.01). The spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the first circle of Chengdu City was mainly characterized by high-high agglomeration ( P <0.01), with the rate of poor vision among primary school students in Wuhou District in 2023 exhibiting a low-high anomaly. The third circle was mainly characterized by low-low aggregation ( P <0.01), while the spatial clusterings of the second circle was not significant ( P >0.05). Conclusions The myopia prevention and control work in Chengdu has achieved preliminary results. It should continue to consolidate existing achievements and implement targeted myopia prevention and control measures based on regional characteristics.

Interfering hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid assembly holds promise as a therapeutic approach for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Novel anti-HBV agents are urgently needed to overcome drug resistance challenges, with targeted protein degradation (TPD) emerging as a hopeful strategy. Herein, we report the first degradation of HBV core protein (HBC), a multifunctional structural protein, using small-molecule degraders developed by hydrophobic tagging (HyT) technology. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis identified compound HyT-S7, featuring an adamantyl group, exhibiting potent inhibitory activity (EC₅₀ = 0.46 μmol/L, HepAD38 cells) and degradation ability (DC₅₀ = 3.02 ± 0.54 μmol/L) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the autophagy-lysosome pathway was a potential driver of HyT-S7-induced HBC degradation. Remarkably, HyT-S7 effectively degraded 11 drug-resistant mutants, including highly resistant strains P25G and T33N, to Phase III drug GLS4. Furthermore, cellular thermal shift assay, surface plasmon resonance assay, and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the precise mode of HyT-S7 binding to HBC with the adamantyl group potentially mimicking protein misfolding to facilitate HBC degradation. This first proof-of-concept study highlights the potential of HyT-mediated TPD in HBC as a promising avenue for discovering novel HBV and other antiviral agents with favorable drug resistance profiles.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the employment status of college graduates majoring in health service and management in China.Methods:From April 2023 to June 2024, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on undergraduate graduates majoring in health service and management from 34 universities in China using convenient sampling method. General information was collected (such as gender, household registration at graduation, only child status, average monthly family income, previous experience as a student cadre, average grade point, part-time job experience, entrepreneurial experience, whether a first batch graduate of the university and the major, self-assessment of professional competence level) alongside employment status. Statistical descriptive analysis was employed to analyze the graduates′ basic employment situation, job competence and professional skill demand, types of certificates valued by employers, factors influencing job selection, evaluation of work and profession, and perceptions of professional employment prospects. A total of 1 417 questionnaires were collected in this study, with 1 315 valid responses (92.8%). Chi-square tests were used to compare employment differences among various factors, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze factors influencing employment outcomes.Results:Among 564 employed graduates in the Health Services and Management field, 98 (17.4%) work in health management companies and 97 (17.2%) in hospitals. Regarding important job competencies, 413 (73.2%), 409 (72.5%), and 364 (64.5%) respectively emphasized the importance of information collection and statistical analysis, organizational coordination, and communication skills. Key professional skills highly valued by employers included health risk assessment 175 (66.3%), health measurement 160 (60.6%), and health education and promotion 152 (57.6%). Additionally, 281 (49.8%) highlighted the importance of Health Management Professional Qualification Certificates. Factors influencing job choices included salary and benefits 454 (80.5%) and personal interests and hobbies 279 (49.5%). While 397 (70.4%) of the graduates provided positive feedback on their profession, only 274 (48.6%) were optimistic about their future job prospects. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated significant correlations (all P<0.05) between employment outcomes and factors such as part-time work experience ( OR=1.31) and average grade point ( OR=0.61, 0.68). Conclusions:The employment rate of undergraduate graduates majoring in health service and management in China is low in the health service market, with a low degree of job specialization matching. Graduates are not optimistic about the future employment prospects in their field, possibly due to unclear positioning in talent cultivation in universities and an imperfect job market.

Intracranial seminoma is a rare malignant tumor originating from the germ cells,usually occurring in the pineal gland or pituitary gland.In June 2020,the Department of Endocrinology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University admitted a 20-year-old male patient with an intracranial germ cell tumor and spinal metastases.The patient presented with headache,dizziness,and visual impairment.Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of the head indicated thickening of the pituitary stalk.After multidisciplinary consultation,the patient underwent endonasal transsphenoidal resection of the tumor,with the pathological diagnosis confirming germ cell tumor.The patient received regular radiotherapy postoperatively.One year later,the tumor recurred and metastasized,leading to a second surgery for tumor resection in the thoracic spinal canal,followed by continued chemotherapy.The patient's clinical symptoms,such as headache and visual disturbances,improved,but he continued to experience panhypopituitarism and required long-term hormone replacement therapy.Early diagnosis of intracranial germ cell tumors is challenging,and they are prone to metastasis and highly sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment can help improve the quality of life and prognosis for patients.

Primary liver cancer(PLC)is a common malignant tumor in China.It ranks second in the cause of tumor mortality and it is a serious threat to the lives and health of people.Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the preferred treatment for patients with HCC who cannot be surgically cured,which is of great significance for prolonging the patient's life.However,the incidence of nausea and vomiting after TACE is very high,which is an important reason for the decline of patient treatment compliance,which seriously affects the quality of life and the effect of interventional therapy.This paper reviews the domestic and abroad literature concerning the nausea and vomiting in patients after TACE,focusing on the clinical features of nausea and vomiting,the risk factors and the assessment tools,so as to provide a scientific basis for clinical early identification and effective intervention of nausea and vomiting after TACE.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:565-570)

Purpose To investigate the expression and po-tential clinical value of heat shock protein 90α(Hsp90α)in co-lon adenocarcinoma.Methods The expression level of Hsp90αin colon adenocarcinoma and its relationship with clinicopatho-logical features,prognosis and immune cell infiltration were ana-lyzed by bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry.The prolifer-ation ability of colon cancer cells before and after Hsp90AA1 knockout was detected by CCK-8 cell proliferation assay and plate cloning assay.Results The bioinformatics tools showed that Hsp90AA1 was abnormally higher in colon cancer tissues than adjacent tissues,and the higher the expression level,the worse the prognosis of patients.The expression of Hsp90AA1 was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of CD4+T cells(Th2),CD8+T cells,myeloid inhibitory cells,Tregs cells,neutrophils,macrophages,M1 macrophages and M2 macropha-ges.Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of Hsp90α in colon cancer tissues was significantly higher than in its adjacent tissues.The expression of Hsp90α was related to age(P＜0.05),not related to gender,tumor size,location,clini-cal classification,differentiation degree,tumor node metastasis,lympho-vascular invasion,perineural invasion(P＞0.05).The high expression of Hsp90α was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of colon cancer patients.The results of cell experi-ments showed that Hsp90AA1 knockout inhibited the growth and proliferation of colon cancer cells.Conclusion Hsp90α is highly expressed in colon adenocarcinoma,which may be a po-tential molecular marker for poor prognosis of colon adenocarci-noma.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the life satisfaction of family caregivers and the de-gree of disability of disabled elderly people in Xinjiang Uygur and Kazak nationality,and the role of family mem-bers'participation in the relationship.Methods:A total of 431 elderly people with disabilities at home and their fam-ily caregivers(247 without family members and 184 with family members)were selected from Xinjiang Uygur and Kazak ethnic groups,and the survey was conducted with the Activity of Daily Living Scale(ADL)and Life Satis-faction Index B(LSIB).Results:The LSIB scores in family caregivers were negatively correlated with the ADL scores in the disabled elderly(r=-0.19,P＜0.01),and the family members'participation in care was positively correlated with the LSIB scores of family caregivers(r=0.52,P＜0.01).Family members'participation in care could moderate the negative effect of the ADL scores in the disabled elderly on the LSIB scores in family caregivers(β=0.08,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The involvement of family members in care has a moderating effect on the life satisfaction of Uyghur and Kazak family caregivers and the degree of disability of disabled elderly people.

ObjectiveTo identify immunogenic cell death （ICD）-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）， and to establish a scoring model based on these genes for predicting the prognosis and tumor microenvironment characteristics of HCC. MethodsThe Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to obtain HCC datasets， and heatmaps were used to display the expression of 57 ICD-related genes in HCC. A cluster analysis was conducted based on the expression of ICD-related genes， and two ICD subtypes （low and high ICD expression groups） were analyzed in terms of gene ontology enrichment analysis， Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis， somatic mutation， and immune cell infiltration. The LASSO Cox regression risk model was constructed to evaluate its clinical application value， and a nomogram model was established to predict the 1-， 3-， and 5-year survival rates of patients. In addition， qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression levels of key genes in the model. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison between two groups， and the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine prognostic factors among clinicopathological features. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used for prognostic analysis， and the Spearman rank correlation test was used for correlation analysis. ResultsThe low ICD expression group had a poorer prognosis， while the high ICD expression group had relatively favorable clinical outcomes （P=0.004）. Further analysis showed that the high ICD expression group was associated with an immune-active microenvironment， and the genes were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways such as immunoglobulin receptor binding， hematopoietic cell lineage， and B cell receptor. The results of somatic mutation analysis showed that the high ICD expression group had higher expression levels of CD274， CTLA4， HAVCR2， TIGIT， PDCD1， and PDCD1LG2 （all P<0.05）. A risk prediction model was established using 8 ICD-related genes， i.e.， HSP90AA1， ATG5， BAX， PPIA， HSPA4， TLR2， TREM1， and LY96， and this model showed a good predictive value across different clinical characteristics. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that age and risk score were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in the training set （both P<0.05）. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression levels of HSPA4 and REM1 in HCC tumor samples were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissue samples （both P<0.001）. For the patients with an increase in ICD risk score， the ICD risk score was negatively correlated with γδT cells （r=-0.29， P<0.05）， plasma cells （r=-0.3， P<0.05）， and CD8⁺T lymphocytes （r=-0.37， P<0.05） and was positively correlated with memory B cells （r=0.38， P<0.05）， resting dendritic cells （r=0.47， P<0.05）， and M0 macrophages （r=0.49， P<0.05）. ConclusionThis study identifies the ICD-related genes that are associated with the prognosis of HCC， which provides insights into the immune characteristics of different ICD expression profiles. The risk model and the nomogram model established in this study have a significant value for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients and guiding immunotherapy for HCC patients.