OBJECTIVE:To investigate the infusion solutions which are compatible with Compound kushen injection. METHODS:The insoluble particles of kushen injection in four kinds of infusion solutions were detected respectively by light blockage method.RESULTS:Insoluble particles of different size and number were noted for Compound kushen injection when mixed respectively with four kinds of infusion solutions,but the insoluble particles in all kinds of infusion solutions except 10% glucose injection were all within the range specified in China Pharmacopeia(2005 edition).CONCLUSION: 0.9% sodium ch-loride injection is the optimal compatible infusion solution for Compound kushen injection.

Objective To compare the abnormal influence of Ureaplasma urealyticum(UU) and human papillomavirus(HPV) infection on early pregnant women,and to investigate the correlation between reproductive tract infection with spontaneous abortion in early pregnant women.Methods A total of 460 pregnant women were included in the observation subjects,including 230 cases of spontaneous abortion (observation group) and other 230 normal pregnant women of delivery as the control group.The cervical swab samples were collected from the research subjects of the two groups and performed the UU and different types of HPV detections by using corresponding PCR reaction reagents.Results The UU total infection rate among 460 pregnant women was 17.83%(82/460),which of the observation group was 24.8%(57/230) and which the control group was only 10.9%(25/230),the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.01).The HPV total infection rate was 20.2%(93/460),which of the observation group was 29.1%(67/230) and which of the control group was only 11.3%(26/230),the difference was statistically significant.Among them,the single subtype HPV infection proportion was 14.1%(65/460),the multiple subtype HPV mixed infection proportion was 6.1%(28/460),while the high risk type HPV infection rate was 18.3%(84/460) and the low risk type HPV infection rate was 8.91%(41/460).The infection rate of UU combined HPV was 2.6%(12/460),in which the observation had 11 case and control group had 1 case,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Conclusion Infection of UU and HPV in early pregnant women may lead to spontaneous abortion.But its concrete mechanism and the role of different types of HPV need to be further studied.

Objective To compare the lipoprotein(a) (Lp-a) and lipid metabolism level in rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients and control group (healthy subjects),and evaluate the correlation between Lp-a levels and systemic inflammation in patients with RA.Methods Blood samples from 30 RA patients with positive rheumatoid factor and 30 healthy controls were collected,with same distribution of gender and age in both groups.Lipid metabolism level such as Lp-a,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and inflammation markers such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C reactive protein (CRP) were detected and analyzed statistically.Results LP-a levels were higher in RA patients than that of control group(P＜0.001),HDL-C levels were lower in RA group (P＜0.05),while TC,TG,LDL-C and VLDL-C levels showed no difference (P＞0.05).The TNF-α、IL-6 and CRP levels of RA patients were higher than that of control group(P＜0.05),and the association between higher Lp-a level and TNF-α were confirmed (r=0.753,P＜0.001).Conclusions High levels of Lp-a are often observed in RA patients,and a rising Lp-a level are associated with systematic inflammation reaction.Lp-a may be a risk factor for RA progress.

Objective: To analyze the influence of Revised International Staging System (RISS) on the prognosis and treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: The clinical information of two hundred and fifty-nine newly diagnosed patients with MM was retrospectively analyzed. The survival and prognosis of these MM patients was compared by using Durie-Salmon (DS) staging, International Staging System (ISS) and RISS, respectively. The influence of use of bortezomib and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) on the prognosis of patients with MM according to RISS was evaluated. Results: The median age of 259 patients with MM was 58 years (range: 34-87 years). The ratio of male to female was 1.3: 1. The median follow-up time was 32 months (range: 1-188 months), and the median progression-free survival (PFS) and median survival time were 45 and 67 months, respectively. In 239 patients with MM according to DS staging, the patients with DS stage I, II and III MM were accounted for 4.2%, 16.7% and 79.1%, respectively; the median PFS were 68, 41 and 44 months, respectively (P = 0.496), and the median survival time were 99, 64 and 67 months (P = 0.478); the 5-year PFS rates were 60.0%, 38.1% and 31.3% (P = 0.208), and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 60.0%, 60.9% and 53% (P = 0.533). In 236 patients with MM according to ISS, the patients with ISS stage I, II and III MM were accounted for 17.4%, 41.1% and 41.5%, respectively; the median PFS were 53, 48 and 38 months, respectively (P = 0.033), and the median survival time were 68, 92 and 57 months, respectively (P = 0.028); the 5-year PFS rates were 36.8%, 40.0% and 25.6% (P = 0.291), and the OS rates were 60.0%, 63.9% and 42.1%, respectively (P = 0.119). In 173 patients with MM according to RISS, the patients with RISS stage I, II and III MM were accounted for 9.2%, 81.6% and 9.2%, respectively; the median PFS were 68, 47 and 16 months (P = 0.022), and the median survival time were statistics not shown and 72 and 25 months, respectively (P = 0.001). The 5-year PFS rates were 55.6%, 34.7% and 11.1% (P = 0.049), and the OS rates were 80.0%, 59.2% and 22.2% (P = 0.012). The patients with RISS stage III MM had better prognosis in bortezomib-based combination chemotherapy group, and the median survival time was 30 months, which was longer than that of the routine chemotherapy group (14 months, P = 0.014). ASCT had significant difference neither in PFS nor in OS according to RISS (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The RISS is superior to DS staging and ISS in the prognostic significance. Patients with RISS stage III MM have poor prognosis, and the bortezomib can improve the prognosis.

Objective To analyze antimicrobial resistance of clinically isolated Burkholderia cepacia (B.cepacia),and provide evidence for clinical rational antimicrobial use.Methods B.cepacia isolated from clinical specimens between January 2013 and December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively,antimicrobial susceptibility results were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 98 isolates of B.cepacia between January 2013 and December 2014 were isolated,the main specimen was sputum(n =86,87.76 ％),the main department distribution was intensive care unit(n =46,46.94％),resistance rate of B.cepacia to ticarcillin / clavulanic acid was highest(73.47％),resistance rates to piperacillin / tazobactam and cefoperazone / sulbactam were both 16.33％,resistance rate to minocycline was the lowest(5.10％).Conclusion Infection caused by B.cepacia is high,prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection should be strengthened,early etiological examination should be performed,antimicrobial treatment should be combined with antimicrobial susceptibility results.

Objective To investigate the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management in grassroots medical institutes in a province.Methods Forty-six grassroots medical institutes in 13 cities of the prov-ince were selected randomly for the survey,questionnaires about the current situation of HAI management in grass-roots medical institutes were filled out,and related data were analyzed.Results Forty-four qualified questionnaires were adopted for analysis,and 2 unqualified questionnaires from public hospitals were excluded.HAI management in 44 medical institutes (100.00%)was in the charge of major leaders in medical institutes.Only 2 institutes(4.55%) set up independent HAI management departments,and 10 institutes(22.73%)established basic regulations and po-sition responsibilities of HAI management,38.67% of medical institutes established regulations of HAI prevention and control in key departments and responsibilities for key positions.The score for the establishment of basic regu-lations and position responsibilities of HAI management in village clinics was lower than the other medical institutes (F =5.762,P <0.01 ).Except aseptic technique,the core regulations of HAI management weren’t implemented well in village clinics compared with the other institutes(P <0.05).Conclusion Organizational settings,HAI man-agement of key departments,and core regulations of HAI management are not performed well in grassroots medical institutes in this province.Village clinics perform the worst in HAI management among all types of grassroots med-ical institutes.More measures,including education and surveillance,should be taken to improve HAI management in grassroots medical institutes.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of Sanqi Qiancao Recipe (SQR) in treating metrorrhagia caused by copper intrauterine device (IUD) in rabbits and to provide experimental evidence for preventing and treating this disease. METHODS: Fifty-six rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups, which were normal control group, sham-operation group, untreated group, indomethacin-treated group, low-dose SQR-treated group, medium-dose SQR-treated group and high-dose SQR-treated group. Copper IUD insertion was operated in rabbits of the last five groups. Rabbits in the last four groups were treated orally with indomethacin and low-, medium- and high-dose SQR respectively for a week. Rabbits in the untreated group, normal control group and sham-operation group were given distilled water orally. Hematocrit, blood viscosity at low, medium and high shear rate, plasma viscosity and blood sedimentation were examined after treatment. RESULTS: The hematocrit, blood viscosity at low, medium and high shear rate and plasma viscosity were higher in the untreated group than those in the normal control group with significant differences (P<0.01) while those indexes in low-, medium- and high-dose SQR-treated groups were significantly lower than those in the untreated group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: SQR can lead to a decrease in blood viscosity and improve the blood flow, which may be one of the mechanisms of SQR in treating metrorrhagia after copper IUD insertion.

Objective To understand the status and features of nursing care adverse events and to offer scientific basis for improving patient safety management of nursing at high altitude area. Methods Data such as categories, causes, time distribution and other factors of nursing care adverse events were collected from January 2013 to August 2014 in the People′s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region were analyzed. Results Over the study period, 50 adverse events were recorded and the most common types were tube emersion(26%,13/50), pressure sores(14%,7/50) and scald(12%,6/50) respectively. The proportions of different severity of adverse events were hidden events (48%,24/50), events without bad consequence(36%,18/50), adverse events(14%,7/50) and warning events(2%,1/50) respectively. The ineffective communication, inadequate assessment, and not abiding by the rules accounted for 70%(35/50) of the causes of adverse events. 7:00-10:59 and 19:00-22:59 period was the high incidence of adverse events, respectively accounted for 32%(16/50) and 26%(13/50). Conclusions The management of nursing adverse events at high altitude area need to consider the geographical characteristics,besides, to guarantee the implementation of the system,reduce the bed / nurse ratio, improve the comprehensive quality of nurses and other measures can be taken to reduce the occurrence of adverse events.

In ischemic hypertrophic myocardium, contractile dysfunction can be attributed to the decreased calcium induced calcium release (CICR) in cytoplasm. This study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological properties and the expression of L calcium channel subunits in post-MI myocardium. The ischemic heart remodeling model was established in SD rats. The expressions of calcium channel subunits were determined by realtime RT-PCR. Whole cell patch clamp was used to record the electrophysiological properties of L calcium channel. The results showed that the L calcium channel agonist Bayk 8644 induced the significantly decreased CICR in the rat cardiomyocyte 6 weeks after myocardial infarction (MI). In the post-MI cardiomyocytes, the amplitude of I(CaL) decreased dramatically and the inactivation curve of the current shifted to more negative potential. At mRNA level, the expression of the calcium channel alpha1c, beta2c subunits decreased dramatically in the ventricle of post-MI rats. The expression of alpha2/delta subunit, however, remained constant. It is concluded that the abnormal expression of the L calcium channel subunits in post-MI cardiomyocytes contributes to the ICaL decrease at early stage of the ischemic remodeling in cardiomyocytes, which leads to the decreased CICR in the cell and contractile dysfunction of myocardium.

Objective To evaluate the hearing function of pilots under physical examination for modification to equipment of high performance aircraft,using pure tone audiometry(PTA) and distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE).Methods Analyzed were all the results of PTA and DPOAE of 75 pilots (150 ears) which accepted physical examination for modification to equipment of high performance aircraft in our department from March 2008 to February 2009.75 cases were divided into two groups according to their flight time.The difference between these two groups was studied.Results According to the Equipments of Physical Constitution for Flying Persons of Air force,PLA,all 75 pilots passed the ENT assessments as being qualified for flying.Of all 150 ears,abnormal DPOAEs were obviously higher than that of abnormal PTA tests.128 ears had normal PTA results.92 ears had normal DPOAE results.36 ears (27.6&) showed abnormal DPOAEs at one or more frequencies,especially at 1,3 and 4 kHz.22 ears had abnormal PTA results.20 ears had noticeable V or U shaped thresholds at 3 kHz and/or 4 kHz.The DPOAE amplitudes showed similar curves.The other two ears showed depressions at all frequencies,in both PTA and DPOAE tests.No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in DPOAE.But statistical difference was found in DPOAE at 4 kHz compared with other frequencies.No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in DPOAE amplitudes at 1,2,3 and 4 kHz.but at 6 and 8 kHz.Conclusion The application of DPOAE test helped find pilots who were on the early stage of noise-induced hearing loss.These pilots were the most important objects for us to follow up.