Objective To purify AmpC beta-lactamase from Enterobacter cloacae and study its physical and chemical characteristics.Methods The bacteria were fragmentized by ultrasonication and AmpC beta-lactamase was purified by ion-exchange.The properties of the purified enzyme,such as molecular weight and isoelectric point were determined by electrophoresis.Results The purified AmpC beta-lactamase was obtained and its specificity to substrate was sufficient for classification of class C cephalosporinase.Conclusion AmpC can be successfully purified from Enterobacter cloacae and is effective for application.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for postoperative analgesia in the pediatric patients undergoing operation on the inguinal region.Methods Sixty-four pediatric patients of both sexes, aged 1-3 yr, weighing 8.5-23.6 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ , undergoing elective unilateral high ligation of the hernia sac or high ligation of the processus vaginalis, were equally randomized into either intravenous analgesia group (group VA) or TAP block group (group TAP).In group TAP, after induction of anesthesia, the pediatric patients received ultrasound-guided TAP block with 0.2％ ropivacaine 1 ml/kg injected locally.After the laryngeal mask airway was inserted, the pediatric patients were mechanically ventilated, and then inhaled 2％-3％ sevoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia.In group VA, postoperative analgesia was performed with fentanyl 0.35 μg · kg-1 · h-1 until 24 h after operation.The level of pain was rated using the FLACC pain scale.When FLACC score＞5, fentanyl 0.25 μg/kg was injected intravenously as rescue analgesic.The occurrence of TAP block-related adverse events, time for removal of laryngeal mask airway, and occurrence of fentanyl-related nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, and emergence agitation were recorded.Results No TAP block-related adverse events were observed in group TAP, and no respiratory depression was found in the two groups.Compared with group VA, the time for removal of laryngeal mask airway was significantly shortened, and the requirement for rescue analgesics and incidence of vomiting and emergence agitation were decreased in group TAP (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion TAP block with 0.2％ ropivacaine 1 ml/kg provides good efficacy for postoperative analgesia with good safety in the pediatric patients undergoing operation on the inguinal region.

0.05), while those in group B were statistically significant(P

The resident infection rate of schistosomiasis in Xinnong Village,Chuanxin Town,a national surveillance site of schistosomiasis.decreased to 0.14% in 2008.which suggested that the surveillance site reached the criteria for trammission control.

Objective To observe the regulatory role of long non-coding RNA HIF1A-AS1 on the autophagy of pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells induced by hypoxia.Methods The pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells were cultured in a three-gas incubator filled with hypoxic gas mixture (94% N2,5% CO2,1% O2) for 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h.HIF1A-AS1 overexpression and low expression PANC1 cells were obtained by the infection of recombinant adenovirus carrying HIF1A-AS1 and the transfection of HIF1A-AS1 targeting siRNA by liposome, and routinely cultured PANC1 cells served as control.The expression of HIF1A-AS1 of PANC1 cells was detected by real-time quantitative PCR after being cultured in hypoxia-induced condition for 24 h.The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry.The autophagy related proteins Beclin 1 were detected by western blot.Results The expression of HIF1A-AS1 in hypoxic cells was increased as the hypoxic time increased since 6 h and peaked at 36 h, which was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01).HIF1A-AS1 relative expression in HIF1A-AS1 overexpression and low expression PANC1 cells was 4.49±0.53 and 0.49±0.07, which were normalized to that of control group with the relative expression of 1.Control group had lower HIF1A-AS1 expression than HIF1A-AS1 overexpression PANC1 cells but higher HIF1A-AS1 in HIF1A-AS1 low expression PANC1 cells, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).The cell apoptosis rate of control, HIF1A-AS1 overexpression and low expression PANC1 cells was (8.27±1.28)%, (6.56±1.49)% and (19.9±2.34)% after 24 h hypoxic culture.Control group had higher HIF1A-AS1 expression than HIF1A-AS1 overexpression PANC1 cells but lower HIF1A-AS1 in HIF1A-AS1 low expression PANC1 cells, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).The expression of Beclin 1 protein was protein 1.05±0.11, 1.29±0.19 and 0.38±0.18, respectively.Control group had lower Beclin 1 expression than HIF1A-AS1 overexpression PANC1 cells but higher Beclin 1 in HIF1A-AS1 low expression PANC1 cells, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).Conclusions HIF1A-AS1 can promote autophagy of pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells induced by hypoxia and participate in the pathogenesis and metastasis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To learn the present efficiency of medical equipments at public hospitals in Liaoning province, and provide scientific basis for rational distribution of such resources, and for control of medical expenses.Methods Data envelop analysis (DEA) was used to appraise the deployment efficiency of 2 784 such equipments worth over 100 000 yuan per unit, with equipments randomly sampled from 31 public hospitals in the province.Results The equipment deployment at public hospitals in Liaoning was found at a low level.9.7% of the hospitals were found as relatively efficient, 3.2% of them as in relatively weak efficiency, while 87.1% of them relatively inefficient.Gaps were found between urban hospitals and tertiary hospitals, and rural hospitals and secondary hospitals in their deployment efficiency, as evidenced in overinvestment of equipments and insufficiency of competent operators.Conclusions Hospitals should strengthen their scientific management of the equipments, and emphasize human resource investment, thus elevating the efficiency of equipment deployment.

Objective To investigate the prognosis of children with acute kidney injury(AKI)treated with peritoneal dialysis(PD)following cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods A retrospective study of 46 children aged under 14 years old with AKI treated by using PD following cardiopulmonary bypass from Jan.2006 through Dec.2010.All of them were divided into three groups,namely group A(AKI Ⅰ),group B(AKI Ⅱ)and group C(AKI Ⅲ)according to the stratification of RIFLE criteria.The timing of PD was depended on the phase of AKI.The ICU length of stay,total duration of mechanical ventilation,total amount of peritoneal dialysate and the length of PD were compared among three groups.Their APACHE Ⅱ score,sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)score,serum interleukin-6(IL-6),oxygenate index,serum creatinine,and mean arterial pressure were also compared between before PD and after PD for 48 hours.One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis between different phases of AKI.Data got before PD and after PD for 48 hours were analyzed with paired Student' s t-test.Results The APACHE Ⅱ score,SOFA score and serum IL-6 before PD were higher in patients with phase Ⅲ of AKI than those in patients with phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ of AKI(P ＜ 0.01).There were no significant differences in APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score between patients with phases Ⅰ of AKI and patients with phase Ⅱ of AKI before PD(P ＞0.05),but serum IL-6 before PD,ICU length of stay,total duration of mechanical ventilation,total amount of peritoneal dialysate and the length of PD in patients with phase Ⅱ of AKI were higher or longer than those in patients with phase Ⅰ of AKI(P ＜ 0.01).After PD for 48 hours,APACHE Ⅱ score,SOFA score,serum IL-6,oxygenate index,serum creatinine and mean arterial pressure improved insignificantly in patients with phase Ⅲ of AKI(P ＞0.05),but those were improved significantly in patients with phases Ⅰand Ⅱ of AKI(P ＜ 0.05),while serum IL-6 in patients with phase Ⅱ of AKI was still higher than that in patients with phase Ⅰ of AKI(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Therapeutic effect of PD on children with AKI following CPB is better if PD is started in the phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ of AKI,especially in the phase Ⅰ of AKI.The RIFLE criteria and IL-6 are useful guidance to the assessment of patients' illness.

Objective To explore the association of sedentary behavior and time with risk of metabolic syndrome (MS).Methods A total of 10 149 subjects were recruited from local residents aged ≥40 years old in Jiashan County by cluster-random sampling method.The data including physical activity,job,sedentary time,and sleep,etc.were collected.Height and body weight,waist circumference,blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipid,etc.were determined.Logistic regression was used for correlation analysis.Results The prevalence of MS was 28.64％ in local residents over 40 years old in Jiashan.The rate of sedentary behavior in all subjects was 67.57％,with 3 h sedentary time on average.Compared with non-MS group,the rates of sedentary behavior and sedentary time were significantly higher in MS group (P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sedentary behavior was independently associated with an increased risk of MS after adjustment for age,sex,body mass index (BMI),smoking,drinking,and sedentary time(OR=1.16,95％ CI 1.03-1.30,P=0.017).Increased sedentary time was associated with higher risks of hypertension,type 2 diabetes mellitus,and dyslipidemia (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Sedentary time ≥ 5 h/d independently increased the risk of MS (OR =1.15,95％ CI 1.01-1.31,P =0.034).Conclusions There is a high prevalence of MS in adults over 40 years old living in the eastern coastal rural area.MS and its related diseases are closely associated with sedentary behavior and its duration.

Objective: To explore the relationship between expression of tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) and electrophysiological heterogeneity in isolated heart tissues and isolated rat ventricular myocytes.The arrhythmogenic mechanisms of TNF-αwere further studied.Methods:Langendorff perfused heart tissues models were used to verify the arrhythmogenic effects of TNF-α.The monophasic action potentials( MAPs) of the endocardium and epicardium from the isolated heart tissues were recorded by elec-trophysiological experiments.The isolated rat ventricular myocytes were obtained by enzymatic dissociation.K+currents(Ito,IK1)were recorded by using whole cell patch clamp technique.Results: Compared to the control group, the difference in MAPD between endocardium and epicardium dramatically increased with TNF-α( P<0.05 ) .TNF-αcould cause MAP duration ( MAPD ) prolongation, and a single dose of TNF-αdifferentially affected the MAPs of endocardium and epicardium of isolated heart tissues.Compared to the control group,the K+currents(Ito,IK1)were dose-dependently decreased with TNF-αin rat ventricular myocytes(P<0.05).However, etanercept had no effects on the MAPD in the absence of TNF-α.Conclusion:TNF-α-induced heterogeneity of MAPD between the endo-cardium and epicardium may provide the substrate for the onset of ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial infarction.The effect might be associated with TNF-αcontribute to re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias which resulted from decreased K+currents(Ito,IK1).

Objective To understand the impact of Qionghai Lake wetland ecological protection construction on the preva?lence of schistosomiasis,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the strategies for schistosomiasis control and prevention. Methods A retrospective survey of the construction of Qionghai Lake wetland was performed,and eleven villages around the wetland were surveyed for schistosomiasis endemic situation. The influence of the wetland project on the schistosomiasis preva?lence and Oncomelania hupensis snail status were investigated. Results Before the construction of Qionghai Lake wetland,the snail elimination and extended chemotherapy for residents was performed. After the project was finished,the roads and ditches were hardened. From 2009 to 2014,the schistosome infection rate of residents declined from 0.37% to 0. No schistosome infect?ed snails were found and in recent 2 years,no snails were found. No mice were infected in the sentinel tests. Conclusions The construction of Qionghai Lake wetland effectively eliminates snails,and interrupts the transmission of schistosomiasis. Howev?er,the environment of the wetland is more suitable for snail breeding,and therefore,the surveillance still should be strength?ened.