Objective To evaluate the effects of desamethasone in pregnancy on fetal pituitary-adrenal functions.Methods From May 2003 to November 2003 24 cases of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregancy(ICP) in the third trimester were treated with dexamethasone.The levels of ACTH and cortisone in the umbilical blood were detected after delivery.The pregnant Wistar rats were intramuscularly injected of dexamethasone(1 mg?kg-1?d-1) from the pregnancy day 15 for 5 days as group B,while the rats in group A received no dexamethasone as control group.The levels of ACTH and cortisone of the rat fetus as well as the ACTH in fetal pituitary gland by immunohistochemistry were examined.Results The ACTH level in the umbilical blood of the fetus increased and the cortisone level decreased as compared to that of the control group.Treatment with desamethasone to pregnant rats resulted in enhanced expression of ACTH,increased serum ACTH concentration,and decreased concentration of cortisol in the rat fetal pituitary gland.Conclusion Treatment with dexamethasone in pregnancy causes some impact on the adrenal gland of the newborn rats in the near future.

Objective This article made an exploration on the feasibility of combined applica-tion of TBL with LBL in immunology experiment teaching, and analyzed teaching effectiveness of such combined model in order to find a new way of teaching reformation. Methods 2012 grade biophar-maceutical technology students were chosen in this research, one class as the experimental group(n=42), the other one as control group(n=42). In the experimental group, students were taught on a TBL+LBL combination model, while in the control group, students were taught only on LBL model. After the course was finished, effects of teaching were evaluated by questionnaire survey and compre-hensive ability evaluation. SPSS 18.0 software was used to do statistical analysis. Quantitative data and qualitative data were analyzed by t test and chi-square test respectively. P<0.05 means that difference is statistically significant. Results Above 90.0% of students in experiment group approved that TBL+LBL can improve the interest in learning , can enhance sense of teamwork , can help acquiring of knowledge and improving of individual comprehensive ability. Average score of comprehensive ability evaluation and percentage of students achieving good score in experimental group were higher than those in control group, the differences were statistically significant(t=2.020, P=0.049; χ2=6.372, P=0.012). Conclusion The TBL+LBL combination model can improve immunology experiment teach-ing quality, and is worth publicizing.

Point of care testing (POCT) is a laboratory-medicine discipline that is evolving rapidly in analytical scope and clinical application.Medical-laboratory tests can be performed at the point of care,shortening the time caused by sample transportation and preparation.At present,POCT contains many items,ranging from blood-glucose measurement to coagulation assays.But,errors in results in POCT practical applications are usually caused by personnel and methodology.Management of POCT detection within the hospital should be strengthened to ensure the quality of POCT in order to provide better services for patients.

Objective To explore the function of unfolded protein response(UPR) in the differentiation of neural cells. Methods In this study, all trans retinoic acid was used to induce the mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to differentate, immunocytochemistry and RT PCR were adopted to detect the expression of neural specific markers. With this differentiation system derived from ES cells, the expression of UPR molecules was assayed by RT PCR and Western blot respectively. Results Large amount of cells expressing neural tissue specific markers were obtained. With the differentiation of the cells, the expressions of Irel ? declined in different degree in both RA treated and untreated cells, the expression level was lower in RA untreated cells than that in RA treated cells. The expression of Grp78 was up regulated in RA induced cells, however, no increase of the expression of Grp78 could be detected in RA untreated cells.Conclusion RA induced differentiation of ES cells could be used as the neural differentiation model. The expressions of UPR molecules were associated with expressions of neural tissue specific marker molecules, which suggested that UPR signaling might play a role in neural cell differentiation. [

Objective To explore the mechanisms of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) induced apoptosis of cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats. Methods Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were divided into three groups. Cells in the control group were incubated in serum-free medium for 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. Cells in Ang Ⅱ group were incubated with Ang Ⅱ at the dose of 10 -7 mol/L for 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. Cells in Ang Ⅱ and Ang Ⅱ type 1 receptor antagonist group were incubated in medium containing 10 -7 mol/ L Ang Ⅱ plus 10 -5 mol/L irbesartan. The apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL assay. The Bcl-2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Caspase-3 activity was measured by a fluorescent assay kit. Results The number of apoptotic cells in Ang Ⅱ group increased significantly in a time-dependent manner, accompanied by decreased Bcl-2 protein expression but increased activity of caspase-3. Treatment with irbesartan resulted in decreased number of apoptotic cells and decreased activity of caspase-3. Conclusion Angiotensin Ⅱ could induce the apoptosis of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through the caspase-dependent pathway, which might be mediated by Ang Ⅱ type 1 receptor. Bcl-2 may participate in the regulation.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic metabolic disorder,it results from an interaction of environmental as well as genetic factors.There were several kinds of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs),including biguanides,sulfonylureas,thiazolidinediones,and meglitinides,etc.Several genes have been identified to be associated with disease development and therapeutic outcomes.Inter-individual variations in the human genome affect both,risk of T2DM development and personalized response to identical drug therapies.Pharmacogenomics approaches focus on single nucleotide polymorphisms and their influence on individual drug response,efficacy and toxicity.Therefore,pharmacogenomics in T2DM is of great importance towards precision medicine which will greatly improve the efficacy of diabetes treatment.In this paper,antidiabetic drugs and related gene polymorphism researches are reviewed.

Objective To systematically review the influence of propofol orsevoflurane on postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD) in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.Methods Eight databases including Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pubmed, CNKI, VIP, CBM and Wanfang Database were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) about the influence of propofol orsevoflurane on POCD in elderly patients from the time of database establishment to June, 2016.At the same time, the reference materials of included literature were retrieved manually.All data were selected and evaluated by three independent reviewers according to the inclusion and exclusion criterions.RevMan 5.1 was used for the data analysis.Results A total 14 trials were discovered involving 790 elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.The results of Meta-analysis showed that the eye opening time and extubation time in the propofol group were significant shorter than sevoflurane group[SMDeye opening=-0.83,95%CI(-1.05,-0.61),P<0.05;SMDextubation=-0.85,95%CI(-1.09,-0.62),P<0.05].The MMSE scores at 1,3 and 6 h respectivelyafter the operation were obviously higher than those of sevoflurane group[SMD1h =0.84,95%CI(0.61,1.08),P<0.05;SMD3 h=1.12,95%CI(0.86,1.38),P<0.05;SMD6h=0.61,95%CI(0.40,0.82),P<0.05].One day after the operation,the difference was not significant[SMD1d=0.14,95%CI(-0.03,0.31),P>0.05].Three days after the operation, the values returned to normal levels, and was still higher in propofol group than in sevoflurane group[SMD3d=-0.32,95%CI(-0.56,-0.07),P<0.05] until 7 d [SMD7d=-0.18,95%CI(-0.51,0.15),P>0.05].The odds ratio of POCD incidence between propofol and sevoflurane groups was 0.35 [95%CI(0.21,0.58),P<0.05].Conclusion Propofol may lead to shorter eye opening time and extubation time compared to sevoflurane in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.Both groups may lead to POCD, while propofol is a better choice for elderly patients when choosing general anesthesia.

Nuclear receptors(NRs)superfamily signaling plays an important role in regulating the expression of gene involved inenergy homeostasis.The nuclear receptors regulate target gene expression through the recruitment of coregulatory proteins,which act as scaffolds or plateforms for linking NRs with enzyme complexes that modify DNA and histones.As a transcriptional co-repressor for NRs,RIP140 negatively regulates the transcription of target gene in metabolic tissue,such as adipose tissue,muscle and liver.In the absence of RIP140,genes expressions involved in metabolic pathways were upregulated including glycolysis,triglyceride synthesis,TCA cycle,fatty acid ? oxidation,mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation.RIP140 may be a candidate therapeutic target for metabolism syndromes.

Objective To investigate the relationship between angiotensin 1-converting enzyme(ACE)inserting/defaulting(I/D)gene polymorphisms and the carotid intima-media thickness(CCA-IMT)in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM).Methods The polymorphisms of ACE(I/D)was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)method and the CCA-IMT was assessed using non-invasive high resolution B-mode ultrasonography in 120 T2DM in Han's population of Dongguan city.The data were analyzed by Logistic regression to explore the independent and significant risk factors for CCA-IMT increase in type 2 diabetic patients.Results The DD genotype were significantly more common in diabetic patients with CCA-IMT increase than in those without it(F=10.164,P=0.006);Logistic regression analysis showed that DD genotype,age,male gender and essential hypertension contributed significantly to the CCA-IMT increase in type 2 diabetic patients(OR=3.689,1.054,1.562,respectively,P

Objective To observe the effect of combination of Tju103 and CTLA4-Ig on engraftment, graft versus host disease (GVHD), graft versus leukemia (GVL) and anti-infection post major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haploidentical bone marrow transplantation in mice in order to seek an effective access to transplantation with less GVHD and more potential GVL and anti-infection.Methods In the presence of the recipient's antigen (normal CB6F1, H-2 bd) as a stimulus for induction of specific immune tolerance, T cells from the MHC haploidentical donors (C57BL/6, H-2 b) were first in vitro cultured with Tju103 and CTLA4-Ig, then were transfused with the donors' bone marrow cells into the preconditioned recipients. At last, the effect of combination of Tju103 and CTLA4-Ig on hematopoietic rebuilding, GVHD, GVL and anti-infection was observed in compared with CsA, Tju103 and CTLA4-Ig as controls.Results The only irradiated group (group A): All the mice (10 mice) died of failure of hematopoiesis within 11 days post irradiation, of which most (8 mice) died within 4～7 days post transplantation. The CTX-treated leukemia group (group B): All the mice (10 mice) died of leukemia within 16～23 days post leukemia cells infusion (11～18 days post BMT). CTX treatment prolonged the survival time. The only transplanted group (group C): The mice began to die from day 16 post transplantation, and all (10 mice) died of GVHD within 3 weeks. The CsA prophylaxis group (group D): 4 mice died within 8～22 days after transplantation, of which one died of leukemia, two died of infection and one died of GVHD, and the remaining 6 survived over 30 days post transplantation. The Tju103 treated group (group E): 4 mice died within 9～26 days post transplantation, of which one died of leukemia, one died of infection and two died of GVHD, and the remaining 6 mice survived over 30 days post transplantation. The CTLA4-Ig treated group (group F): 3 mice died within 14～23 days after transplantation, of which one died of infection and two died of GVHD, and the remaining 7 survived over 30 days post transplantation. The Tju103/CTLA4-Ig treated group (group G): one died of GVHD on day 19 after transplantation, and the remaining 9 mice survived over 30 days post transplantation. Conclusions CsA, Tju103 or CTLA4-Ig alone could prolong survival time and reduce incidence and degree of GVHD severity. But CTLA4-Ig could spare much ability of GVL and anti-infection while Tju103, just like CsA, couldn't. Combination of both was the most favorable way for transplantation with the most remarkable efficiency on prolongation of survival time and reduction of GVHD.