Objective To investigate the relationship between brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP)/ N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP) and New York Heart Association ( NYHA) classification, left ventricular structure and function, and explore the value of BNP/ NT-proBNP in the diagnosis of heart failure in the elderly. Methods Fifty-five elder patients with heart failure were selected (NYHA II, n = 15; NYHA III, n = 25; NYHA IV, n = 15) (heart failure group), and another 16 elder people with NYHA I were served as control group. The plasma mass concentrations of NT-proBNP and BNP were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and immunofluorescence method, respectively, and the structure and function of left ventricle were examined by echocardiography. Results The levels of plasma BNP and NT-proBNP increased with NYHA grades, were negatively correlated with LVEF (P <0.001), and were positively correlated with LVST, LVEDD, LAD and LVMI( P < 0.05). The area under the curve of BNP in diagnosis of heat failure was 0. 879 (P < 0.001), and that of NT-proBNP was 0.914(P < 0.001). Conclusion Both plasma BNP and NT-proBNP can be used to evaluate the heart function of patients with heart failure, and are useful tools for diagnosis of HF in the elderly.

Objective To explore the application value of sensitive index of nursing quality in nursing management of patients with cancer pain.Methods One hundred and eight patients with cancer pain in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from February 2014 to March 2015 were selected as the control group;one hundred and eight patients with cancer pain in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from April 2015 to June 2016 were selected as the study group.The traditional cancer pain nursing quality evaluation criterion was taken in the control group,and the improved cancer pain nursing quality evaluation criterion was taken in the study group to evaluate the nursing quality.The accuracy of pain assessment,awareness rate of cancer pain knowledge,degree of satisfaction to the nursing work were compared between the two groups.Results The accuracy of pain assessment of patients in the study group (90.7％,98/108)was significandy higher than that in the control group (45.4％,49/108) (x2 =51.16,P ＜ 0.05);the awareness rate of cancer pain knowledge of patients (98.1％,106/108) in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (72.2％,78/108) (x2 =28.83,P ＜ 0.05);the satisfaction rate of the patients in the study group (100.0％,108/108) was significantly higher than that in the control group (85.2％,92/108) (x2 =17.38,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The overall quality of cancer pain care can be improved by strengthening the quality evaluation of the pain assessment accuracy and the awareness rate of cancer pain knowledge in patients with cancer pain.

AIM: The aim of the present study is to investigate changes of five biochemical markers of bone turnover during the formation of ovariectomized rat model. METHODS: Three-month-old female SD rats were divided randomly into ovariectomized (OVX) group, sham-operated (sham) group and control group. Five biochemical markers of bone turnover levels, including serum osteocalcin (OC), total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and hydroxyproline (HYP) were measured before and at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 4 months after surgery. The right proximal tibias of rats were excised at the same time point for histopathological observation. RESULTS: Serum OC, ALP, BALP, TRAP and HYP levels in OVX group were significantly higher than that in sham group. As regard to the time of peak level arrived, the sequence of changes was as follows: TRAP/HYP→OC→ALP/BALP. There was a significant positive correlation between five markers. The pathological changes of trabecular bone in OVX group were only observed 3 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that postmenopausal osteoporosis has a high bone turnover rate. During the formation of ovariectomized rat model, changes of bone resorption markers precede changes of bone formation markers. Serum OC, ALP, BALP, TRAP and HYP are sensitive to evaluate the bone loss in the earlier stage of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

ObjectiveTo discuss the effect of preoperative psychological communication on psychological state of elderly patients before destined operation.Methods136 cases of elderly patients underwent elective operation were divided into the observation group and the control group with 68 cases in each group,the control group was given routine nursing of general surgery,the observation group received targeted psychological communication based upon routine nursing for consecutive 3 days before surgery.The psychological state such as anxiety,depression and fear was compared between two groups.ResultsThe anxiety,depression and fear in the observation group was significantly improved compared with the control group.ConclusionsPreoperative appropriate and targeted psychological communication can alleviate the anxiety,depression and fear of the elderly patients with elective operation,and contribute to the smooth operation.

Objective To study the feasibility of high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector ( HPLC-ELSD) in quantitative analysis of multi-components ( QAMS) by single marker. Methods Four saponins in Astragali Radix were simultaneously determined by HPLC-ELSD using external standard method, and malonylastragaloside I served as internal standard. The relative correction factors between internal standard and astragaloside Ⅰ, astragaloside Ⅱ and astragaloside Ⅳ were calculated, and the stability was investigated. Results Astragaloside Ⅳ in Astragali Radix was little, while malonylastragalosideⅠand AstragalosideⅠwere abundant.The relative correction factors lacked stability, so ELSD could not be used in QAMS. Conclusion HPLC-ELSD can precisely determine contents of four saponins in Astragali Radix. The detector needs to be further studied when the components have poor ultraviolet absorption such as saponins by QAMS.

Objective Data mining method was used to analyze gynecological clinical medication rule of Cai Lianxiang who is a famous veteran TCM doctor. Methods A total of 165 cases and 337 visits of Cai Lianxiang were selected to establish a database by excel, and were analyzed by TCM diagnosis and treatment data intelligent analyses system. High-frequency herbs and combinations of herbs were analyzed and were used to accord with academic thoughts and clinical experience of Cai Lianxiang. Results Results showed 10 high-frequency herbs and 7 herb combinations, which accorded with academic thoughts of Cai Lianxiang. The pathogenesis of gynecological diseases was defficiency of essence and blood, the inbalance among live, spleen and kidney. Thus, the principles of treatment were enriching essence and nourishing blood, adjusting liver, supplementing kidney and fortifying spleen. Conclusion It is significant that the data mining methods were used to summarize the rules of Cai Lianxiang's gynecological medication.

OBJECTIVE:To conduct component analysis for the 40％ ethanol eluate of Hyssopus officinalis,and investigate its improvement effect on inflammation in asthmatic mice. METHODS:The 40％ ethanol eluate of polyamide resin column was col-lected,and HPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry was used for the component analysis of 40％ ethanol eluate of H. officinalis. Totally 72 mice were randomly divided into blank group (normal saline),model group (normal saline),dexamethasone group (positive control,1.6 mg/kg) and 40％ ethanol eluate of H. officinalis high-dose,medium-dose,low-dose groups (200,100,50 mg/kg),12 in each group. Except for normal group,mice in other groups were intraperitoneally injected 0.2 mL ovalbumin (OVA)for sensitization in 0,14 d and intragastrically administrated in 25-31 d,once a day. After administration,2 mg/mL OVA was dropped in nose for 7 d. After 24 h of last dropping in nose,tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin-4(IL-4),interfer-on-γ(IFN-γ)levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were detected;pathological changes in lung tissue were observed. RE-SULTS:Totally 11 compounds were identified,the relative percentage content of 40.89％. The main components were rosmarinic acid,luteolin 7-O-β-D-rhamnoserhamnose (1→6)-α-D-pyran glucoside,hyperoside,etc. Compared with blank group,TNF-α, IL-4 levels in BALF in model group were increased,IFN-γ level was declined,and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio was enlarged(P<0.01);lung tissue was seriously damaged,there was infiltration of inflammatory cells around the blood vessels. Compared with model group, TNF-α,IL-4 levels in BALF in dexamethasone group,40％ ethanol eluate of H. officinalis high-dose,medium-dose groups were declined,IFN-γ level was increased,and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio was reduced (P<0.01);pathological changes in lung tissue were improved. CONCLUSIONS:The established analysis method can effectively analysis the chemical components of 40％ etha-nol eluate of H. officinalis,which has certain regulatory effect on releasing inflammatory factors and reducing inflammatory lesions in lung tissue of mice with bronchial asthma.

Objective To monitor ventilator-associated event (VAE) for the first time in an intensive care unit (ICU) in China,understand the applicability,incidence,and clinical significance of VAE in China.Methods Targeted monitoring on VAE was performed among patients ≥18 years and with mechanical ventilation (MV)＞2 days in the ICU of a hospital between January 2014 and September 2015,incidence of VAE was calculated,and patients were grouped according to whether or not they had VAE,prognostic factors were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 1 004 patients were monitored,the total hospital stay was 13 795 days in patients who used ventilator,307 (30.58％) cases of VAE occurred,incidence of VAE per 1 000 ventilator-days was 22.25.Univariate analysis showed that patients with VAE had longer length of ICU stay and MV,and higher mortality rate than patients without VAE when they moved out of ICU (all P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that VAE was independent risk factor for length of ICU stay,duration of MV,as well as mortality when patients moved out of ICU(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Judgment of VAE is based on MV parameters,it is more objective and accurate.There is a high incidence of VAE among ICU patients,it may lead to poor clinical outcomes,and has good values for the targeted monitoring on ICU patients in large comprehensive hospitals of China.

Objective:To establish a pristine-induced rheumatoid arthritis model in mice,and to evaluate its histological and immunological distinction.Methods:Thirty female BALB/c mice,6-8 weeks old,were randomly divided into 2 groups,a control group and pristine group.The mice in pristine group were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml pristine three times at 0,9,and 18 weeks, while mice in the control group receiving saline at the same time.Arthritis score and paw thickness were measured and histopathological assessment of joint sections was performed.The expression of phagocytes,dendritic,neutrophils,T and B cells markers in spleen were determined by flow cytometry.Results:In model-marking group,11 mice were presented with macroscopic evidence of arthritis such as erythema or swelling.The paw thickness in pristine-induced mice was significant higher than that in the control groups[(2.90±0.51) mm vs(1.29±0.47 mm),P<0.05].In addition,arthritis score in pristine-induced mice was 9.55±2.80 at 21 weeks after first injection with 0.5 ml pristine.H&E staining revealed a significant increase of synovial inflammation, cartilage and bone destruction after stimulated with pristine.Meanwhile,the expression levels of CD11b,CD11c,GR1,CD4,CD8 and CD154 were obviously increased in model-marking group when compared with that in control group.Conclusion: The pristine-induced model presents the similar histological and immunological distinctions with human rheumatism arthritis,which can mimic the pathogenesis of rheumatism arthritis.

Objective:To construct lentiviral vector specific for mouse B7-1 RNA interference and study lentivirus-mediated B7-1 gene silencing effects in L929 fibroblast cells.Methods:Three candidate sequences for B7-1 RNAi selected from coding sequence of mouse B7-1 transcription were used to design short hairpin RNA ( shRNA ) templates and then cloned into lentiviral expression plasmid followed with correctness identification of inserted sequence by DNA sequencing.Recombinant lentivirus were prepared by co-transfecting lentiviral expression vector and packaging plasmids into 293T cells.Then the resulting culture supernatant containing infectious lentiviral particles was pooled and centrifuged via ultra-centrifugation.Infectious titer of the preparations was determined by detecting the expression of GFP in 293T cells after transfected by lentivirus.Cultured L929 cells were transfected with lentivirus to deter-mine transduction efficiency and silencing efficacy of B7-1 expression by flow cytometry.Transducted L929 cells were then screened using puromycin to generate stable cell clones followed by flow cytometry analysis of GFP and B7-1 expression.A mixed reaction system consisting of stable B7-1 silencing L929 cells and mouse splenic T cells was used to analyze ability of the established cell line to trigger T cells proliferation.Results: Lentiviral expression vector for mouse B7-1 RNAi was correctly constructed with inserted sequences as designed.Recombinant RNAi lentivirus were prepared with titers ranging (3-5) ×108 TU/ml and efficacy to mediate GFP transgene expression and B7-1 silencing.B7-1 expression and the ability to trigger T cells proliferation of stable L929 cells were suppressed significantly ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: We generated lentiviral vector specific for mouse B7-1 RNAi with high performance of transduction efficiency as well as B7-1 silencing efficacy and the recombinant RNAi lentivirus can mediated stable B7-1 gene silencing in L929 cells and inhibition of T cells proliferation induced by B7-1/CD28 co-stimulatory signal.