OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics and regularity of adverse drug reactions induced by antiviral drugs. METHODS: 52 literatures on the antiviral drugs-induced ADR were retrieved from VIP database and CNKI from 1999 to 2009. 523 cases in literatures were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: 82.79% of ADR cases were induced by via intravenous drip administration. Various clinical manifestation of ADR cases mainly appeared as allergic reactions, injury of digestive,circulatory system and urinary system,etc. 73 ADR cases were induced by acyclovir mainly appeared as injury of urinary system. CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to rational use of drugs and antiviral drugs-induced ADR, especially allergic shock.

Objective To assess the value of two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) .Methods Sixty-five patients with HT (HT group) confirmed histologically underwent two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasonography.Sixty volunteers with normal thyroid ultrasonogram were enrolled as control group.Ultrasonic characteristics (size,echo,blood flow distribution,peak systolic velocity of the superior thyroid artery,accompanied nodules) ,pathological finding and laboratory parameters were recorded.Results The volume of thyroid increased in HT group than that of control group (t=10.748,P＜0.001) .Ultrasonic characteristics of HT were as followed:hypoechoic parenchyma (51/65,78.46%) ,multiple liner bright echoes throughout the parenchyma (46/65,70.77%) ,single or multiple macronodules in the parenchyma (6/65,9.23%) .Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) showed obviously increased blood flow (36/65,55.38%) ,slightly increased blood flow (25/65,38.46%) ,decreased or normal blood flow (4/65,6.15%) ,among which statistical differences of T3,T4,TSH,V_(max) were detected (P＜0.001) .Conclusion There is close relationship among ultrasonic characteristics.pathological and laboratory parameters of HT.Ultrasonography has high value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HT.

Electron microscopic changes about the effect of gossypol acetic acid ongastrocnemius muscles of male monkeys,rats and guinea pigs were studied.The resultsare as follows:The ultrastructure of gastrocnemius muscles of adult male Rhesus monkeys afteradministration of gossypol orally with a daily dose of 4mg/kg for 2 years showedapparently normal in appearance,except some nuclear condensation and dissociationof nuclear membrance seen in individual animal.After oral aministration of gossypol in adult male Wistar rats with an antifertilitydosage,i.e 20mg or 30mg/kg/day for 30 days,no obvious difference was seen betweenthe experimented and control groups.Except mild distension of the smooth endoplasmicreticulum and dissociation of nuclear membrane sometimes seen in some of theexperiment animals.Similar results was obtained in the male guinea pigs.After a heavy dose(60mg/kg/day)of gossypol given to rats for 37 days,mostof the myofibrils still keep their normal periodic structures,each fiber is maintainingtheir transversly arranged pattern of dark A-bands and light I-bands alternativelyalong the whole length of the fiber.But some myofibrils had lost their normal striation.The width of the I-band increased and the breaking down or lysis precessesin few or even an individual myofibril had begun.There were no obvious pathologicalchanges seen in the mitochondria.Persistent oral administration of gossypol in ratewith a dosage of(60mg/kg/day)for 55 days,the pathological changes became moreobvious.The mitochondria became disordered in arrangement.Concomitant with thesschanges,the myofibrils appeared dystropic and fragmented.It indicated the presenceof myofibrillar degeneration.If the daily dose are increased to 60mg/kg for 25 days in guinea pigs.Theremight be no significant pathological changes in the myofibrils in them.Nevertheless,some mitochondria were swollen in various extents and the cristae became fragmentedor dissolved,which was known as mitochondrial necrosis.The relationship between hypokalemic paralysis and the present results inducedby toxic effect of gossypol were analysed and discussed.

Objective To review the prevalence of nosocomial infection and the change of drug resistance in a comprehensive intensive care unit (ICU) and to provide theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods The strains of bacteria and fungi were isolated from ICU and their drug resistance was retrospectively analyzed from Jan.1st,2010 to Dec.31th,2011.Results The main pathogen of nosocomial infection were Gram-negative bacteria ( 73.3％ ),Gram-positive bacteria ( 17.9％ ) and fungi ( 8.7％ ).In bacterial infection,Gram-negative and G-positive bacteria accounted for 80.3％ and 19.7％ respectively.In Gram-negative bacteria,pseudomonas aeruginosa was the major type (21.7％).In Gram-positive bacteria,staphylococcus aureus (31.4％) was most prominent.Drug resistance of bacteria was severe,while that of fungi was mild.Conclusion Bacteria has severe drug resistance and exhibits multi-drug resistance for commonly used antibiotics.The principle of antibiotics application should be mastered and antibiotics should be chosen according to drug-sensitivity tests.

AIM: To study the apoptosis induction of cyclooxygenase - 2 ( COX - 2) inhibitor, celecoxib and adriamycin (ADM) on tumor apoptosis of gastric carcinoma MGC - 803 cells, and to explore their possible molecular mechanism(s) and interactions. METHODS: The number of MGC - 803 cells was observed by MTT assay. Tumor apoptosis was studied by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry (FCM), and DNA ladder. RESULTS: MGC -803 cell number was significantly decreased with increasing dose of ADM. Cells were accumulated in G0/G1 phase and the number of cells in S phase was decreased. ADM (5 mg/L) combined with celecoxib (25 μmol/L) markably inhibited the growth of MGC - 803 cells. Significant morphological changes of typical apoptosis were observed after treatment with combined use of celecoxib and ADM. Compared with ADM or celecoxib alone, ADM plus celecoxib obviously enhanced the DNA ladder fragment revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA. After exposure to combined celecoxib and ADM treatment for 48 h, MGC - 803 cells were accumulated in G0/G1 phase. There was a decrease in the number of cells in S phase as compared to celecoxib or ADM alone. CONCLUSION: Celecoxib and ADM appear to have synergistic effects for the apoptosis induction. This may be an important prospect for applying COX - 2 inhibitors to assist chemical therapy of ADM in clinical use.

Objective: To investigate the immune regulation mechanism and anti-inflammatory effect of ω-3 fatty acids on sepsis patients.Methods: Totle 18 patients were divided into two groups,therapy group and control group. The control group was given routine therapy while the theray group was given routine therapy and fish oil.The expression of HLA-DR on peripheral monocytes was measured by flow cytometry at the beginning and 5 d during therapy, in parallel with serum c-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and severity of the disease(APACHE Ⅱ score),serum and oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2)Results: Compared with conventional group,serum concentration of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in patients of therapy group were significantly reduced,and oxygenation index improved. There was no difference in the expression of HLA-DR and APACHE Ⅱscore between two groups.Conclusion:Fish oil can decrease the elevated mediators of inflammation on sepsis patients,and can't regulation the expression of HLA-DR on peripheral monocytes.

Objective: To evaluate the protective effect and possible mechanism of ω-3 PUFA supplementation in the early stage of experimental acute bacterial pneumonia in mice.Methods: Mice of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)-induced lung injury were randomly divided into three groups: fish oil supplementation treatment group (n = 8),soybean oil treatment group (n = 8) and normal sodium treatment group (n = 8).Evaluation criteria were inflammatory response 24 h after the injury assessed with TNF-α、IL-1β,IL-10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung injury evaluation by H-E staining.Results: Compared with the other two groups,the levels of IL-1β,IL-10 in fish oil supplementation treatment group were reduced.No difference was found in the TNF-α level and histological scoring among the groups.Conclusion: The ω-3 PUFA can decrease the elevated mediators of inflammation in bacterial pneumonia,but can't affect the pneumonia progress within 24 hours.

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OBJECTIVE To know the bacterial distribution in the blood of septicemia patients and the characteristics of drug resistance.METHODS To train the blood in BD BACTEC 9050 full-automatic blood training system and to analyze it in the FOUTUNE IMS bacterial identification and hypersusceptibility analysis system of Fuxing Company.RESULTS The Gram-negative bacilli were in superiority with 64.9% of the total isolated bacteria.Then were the Gram-positive cocci,and Staphylococcus were the main.The Enterococcus and fungi were with a certain proportion.The drugs to which had relatively low resistance for the Gram-positive bacilli and the Gram-positive cocci were the carbapenems,the enzyme inhibitors and vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS The Gram-negative bacilli get priority in the blood bacteria in patients with septicemia during the last two years,the enterococci and fungi have a certain proportion.And the pathogenic bacteria have higher resistance clinically to antibacterial drugs.

This paper introduces the international experiments of risk management in clinical trails, responsibility of sponsor, responsibility of investigator and responsibility of other participators and to help to improve our management level of clinical trails.